高强增韧低密度水泥浆体系的制备

针对低压易漏地层、欠平衡井固井时水泥浆漏失低返和地层伤害等难题,开发了一种高强增韧低密度水泥浆体系.评价了该水泥浆体系的工程性能和水泥石的基本力学性能、体积收缩率及沉降稳定性.结果表明:水泥浆密度为1.17g/cm3时,80℃、24h抗压强度为10MPa,水泥石体积收缩率小,水泥浆沉降稳定性能优越,工程性能满足施工技术要求.微观结构分析表明:增强材料颗粒级配合理,掺入水泥浆体后,可提高水泥石密实度,降低水泥石有害孔隙率.     

MTC固井液二界面胶结强度实验研究

常规水泥浆体系固井二界面胶结强度较低,为了解决这一问题,进行了MTC固井液二界面胶结强度实验研究.结果表明,MTC固化体的体积收缩率远小于水泥石的体积收缩率.与低密度水泥浆体系相比,MTC固化体系与泥饼之间能够实现整体固化胶结,MTC固化体二界面胶结强度受井壁界面性质影响较小,尤其在有一定泥饼存在的情况下更是如此.但由于MTC固化体的抗压强度较低,在地层压力或注入压力较高的井中应谨慎使用.     

高密度高炉矿渣水泥浆固井技术研究

以低密度矿渣水泥浆研究结果为基础 ,设计高密度水泥浆 ,使油气井全井段使用矿渣水泥浆固井 ,以提高固井质量 ,降低固井成本 .以高炉矿渣为水化胶凝材料 ,添加少量水泥和碱性激活剂 ,结合 MTC固井技术和多功能钻井液固井技术 ,设计密度 1 .75～ 1 .93 g/cm3 的矿渣水泥浆、矿渣MTC浆和矿渣 UF浆 .对 3种高密度矿渣水泥浆在 45～ 75℃条件下水泥石的抗压强度 ,水泥浆的凝结时间、流变性和稳定性进行试验对比 .试验结果表明 :3种水泥浆水泥石抗压强度从大到小依次为 :矿渣 UF浆 ,矿渣 MTC浆 ,矿渣水泥浆 .3种体系水泥石抗压强度满足油气井井下射孔作业对水泥石抗压强度的要求 .在 45～ 75℃条件下 ,随着温度的升高 ,高密度矿渣水泥浆和矿渣 UF浆水泥石抗压强度呈降低趋势 .矿渣 MTC浆和矿渣 UF浆的流变性、稳定性和稠化时间可通过钻井液的加量及性能来调整     

MTC固井液二界面胶结强度实验研究

常规水泥浆体系固井二界面胶结强度较低，为了解决这一问题，进行了MTC固井液二界面胶结强度实验研究。结果表明，MTC固化体的体积收缩率远小于水泥石的体积收缩率。与低密度水泥浆体系相比，MTC固化体系与泥饼之间能够实现整体固化胶结，MTC固化体二界面胶结强度受井壁界面性质影响较小，尤其在有一定泥饼存在的情况下更是如此。但由于MTC固化体的抗压强度较低，在地层压力或注入压力较高的井中应谨慎使用。     

高密度高炉矿渣水泥浆固井技术研究

以低密度矿渣水泥浆研究结果为基础,设计高密度水泥浆,使油气井全井段使用矿渣水泥浆固井,以提高固井质量,降低固井成本,以同炉矿渣为水化胶凝材料。添加少量水泥和矿性激活剂结合MTC固井技术和多功能钻井液固井技术,设计密度1.75-1.93g/cm^3的矿渣水泥浆,矿渣MTC浆和矿渣UF浆,对3种高密度矿渣水泥浆在45-75℃条件下水泥石的抗压强度,水泥浆的凝结时间,流变性和稳定性进行试验对比。试验结果表明;3种水泥浆水泥石抗压强度从大到小依次为：矿渣UF浆,矿渣MTC浆,矿渣水泥浆,3种体系水泥石抗压强度满足油气井井下射孔作业对水泥石抗压强度的要求,在45-75℃条件下,随着温度的升高,高密度矿渣水泥浆和矿渣UF浆水泥石抗压强度呈降低趋势,矿渣MTC浆和矿渣UF浆的流变性,稳定性和稠化时间可通过钻井液的加量及性能来调整。     

脉冲振动固井技术研究

为提高水泥浆胶结质量,防止固井后油气水窜,提出了脉冲振动固井新技术。研制开发了新型脉冲振动固井室内评价装置,通过脉冲振动可以有效地改善水泥浆性能,水泥石的胶结强度平均提高了11%～22%,水泥浆的初凝时间平均缩短了3%,初终凝过渡时间平均缩短了12%～17%,水泥石的抗压强度平均提高了10%～14%,水泥浆稠度系数K平均降低了16%～63%;利用电镜扫描、X射线衍射、压汞实验等分析手段,对比分析了脉冲振动处理后的水泥石微观结构、水化产物和水泥石孔隙特征的变化规律,脉冲振动促进了水泥水化反应,改善了水泥石的微观结构;分析了水泥水化过程中水泥浆失重特性,根据水泥浆静胶凝强度与水泥浆失重的关系,阐述了利用脉冲振动固井技术减少水泥浆失重和防止环空气窜的机理;为实现对候凝过程中的水泥浆实施脉冲振动,研制开发了新型井口脉冲振动固井装置,经过10余口井的现场应用,取得了良好的固井效果。     

油井水泥石脆性降低的途径及其作用机理

针对国内油田薄油层井、小间隙井和侧钻井固井后射孔及后续增产措施造成的水泥环脆裂(即二次窜流)问题,为了降低水泥石的脆性,正确评价不同材料对水泥石韧性或弹性的影响,对掺有胶乳、橡胶粉和PVA纤维水泥石的抗折强度、抗压强度、抗冲击功和弹性模量等力学性能进行了研究,并对3种材料的作用机理进行了剖析.研究结果表明,与净浆水泥石相比,掺有胶乳和橡胶粉水泥石的弹性模量分别降低了69%～76%和49%～60%,掺有PVA纤维水泥石的抗冲击功和抗折强度分别提高了9%～89%和16%～37%.胶乳、橡胶粉与水泥水化产物的有效铰接和桥联作用显著提高了水泥石的弹性,PVA纤维的有效阻裂作用显著提高了水泥石的韧性.     

脉冲振动对水泥浆性能影响的实验研究

为研究脉冲振动对水泥浆性能的影响,研制开发出液压水泥浆脉冲振动试验评价装置.采用该仪器,可模拟脉冲振动条件,测试不同性能的水泥浆体系经过不同振动频率、振幅的脉冲振动后,脉冲对抗压强度、胶结强度、游离液、初终凝时间等性能的影响.实验结果证明,脉冲振动可以显著改善水泥浆的性能,其中,在0.25—9Hz的振动条件下,水泥石的胶结强度平均提高了11%—22%,水泥浆的初凝时间平均缩短了3%,初终凝过渡时间平均缩短了12%—17%,水泥石的抗压强度平均提高了10%—14%,水泥浆稠度系数K平均降低16%—63%.因此,脉冲振动固井可以显著缩短水泥浆由液态转化为固态的过渡期,减小水泥浆胶凝失重,改善水泥浆胶结质量.     

碳纤维水泥配伍性试验研究

水平井、小眼井钻井技术的应用以及薄油层的开发易使水泥石射孔开裂,从而造成上下油水层串通,因此对水泥石韧性有了更高的要求。为了满足固井施工过程中对水泥浆性能以及对水泥石性能的要求,根据国家固井水泥性能测定操作标准,对碳纤维水泥进行了针对性的配伍性试验研究,包括水泥浆流变性、稠化时间、失水量以及水泥石抗压强度、抗折强度等方面的配伍性试验。研究结果表明,碳纤维与水泥以及水泥添加剂具有良好的配伍性;一定尺寸的短碳纤维可以有效地提高水泥浆的流变性和水泥石的抗折、抗压强度。     

碳纤维水泥配伍性试验研究

水平井、小眼井钻井技术的应用以及薄油层的开发易使水泥石射孔开裂，从而造成上下油水层串通，因此对水泥石韧性有了更高的要求。为了满足固井施工过程中对水泥浆性能以及对水泥石性能的要求，根据国家固井水泥性能测定操作标准，对碳纤维水泥进行了针对性的配伍性试验研究，包括水泥浆流变性、稠化时间、失水量以及水泥石抗压强度、抗折强度等方面的配伍性试验。研究结果表明，碳纤维与水泥以及水泥添加剂具有良好的配伍性：一定尺寸的短碳纤维可以有效地提高水泥浆的流变性和水泥石的抗折、抗压强度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that