不同浓度的激素组合对猕猴桃愈伤组织诱导及芽分化的影响

本实验以美味猕猴桃试管苗为材料，外植体选用离体茎段，研究了不同浓度的激素组合对猕猴桃愈伤组织诱导及芽分化的影响．试验结果表明，MS培养基中附加激素2，4-D1．0mg／L＋6-BA0．5mg／L有利于愈伤组织诱导，诱导率达86．1％；Ms培养基中附加激素组合NAA0．1mg／L＋6-BA1．0mg／L有利于芽分化，芽分化率为75．2％．     

不同浓度的激素组合对猕猴桃愈伤组织诱导及芽分化的影响

本实验以美味猕猴桃试管苗为材料，外植体选用离体茎段，研究了不同浓度的激素组合对猕猴桃愈伤组织诱导及芽分化的影响．试验结果表明，MS培养基中附加激素2，4-D1．0mg／L＋6-BA0．5mg／L有利于愈伤组织诱导，诱导率达86．1％；Ms培养基中附加激素组合NAA0．1mg／L＋6-BA1．0mg／L有利于芽分化，芽分化率为75．2％．     

互叶白千层愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

本文报导了互叶白千层从无菌种子苗叶片诱导愈伤组织到植株再生的研究结果．实验表明：以继代代数不同的无菌苗叶片为诱导材料,在MS基本培养基中添加TDZ0．4mg／L＋2,4-D0．4mg／L的第五代继代苗诱导效果较好,愈伤组织诱导率达100％．在互叶白千层愈伤组织分化阶段,在MS基本培养基中,激素组合筛选中以添）m6-BA2．0mg／L＋IAA2．5mg／L的分化效果较好,分化率高达94．53％．在分化苗伸长生根阶段,以MS＋6-BA2．0mg／L＋NAA0．8mg／L＋AC0．1％的效果较为显著,苗平均高度9．4cm,苗最壮,根粗且壮．     

花叶如意叶愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生

研究花叶如意叶愈伤组织的诱导及分化条件．实验结果表明：诱导愈伤组织的培养基为MS 2,4-D1．0mg／L 6-BA2．0mg／L．在此培养基上,叶片比叶柄更易得到愈伤组织．叶愈伤组织的诱导时间过长易褐化,从而影响分化,其最适时间为20d．诱导愈伤组织分化的培养基为MS NAA0．2mg／L 6-BA2．0mg／L．根分化的培养基为1／2MS NAA0．5mg／L．     

影响红掌品种＂若比诺＂愈伤组织诱导因素分析

以红掌品种“若比诺”的无菌苗为材料,研究了影响红掌品种“若比诺”愈伤组织的诱导因素．结果表明,基本培养基、外源激素、外植体类型和光照培养条件对愈伤组织的诱导都有显著影响．茎段在MS＋BA（2．0mg／L）＋2,4．D（0．2mg／L）培养基中愈伤组织诱导率最高,达到100％,叶片在1／2MS＋BA（2．0mg／L）＋2,4-D（0．2mg/L）培养基中诱导率最低（为0）．不同外植体的愈伤组织诱导率有明显的差异,其诱导率的大小依次为茎段〉叶柄〉叶片,茎段最适合做外植体源．光培养下的愈伤组织诱导率比暗培养下的高,光照有利于“若比诺”的愈伤组织的诱导．     

三种切花单头菊试管苗叶片植株的再生

选用3个切花单头菊品种,以试管苗叶片为外植体,通过愈伤组织途径和直接诱导芽途径建立再生体系,探讨叶片不同部位、激素种类及浓度、基因型对再生率的影响．结果表明：3个品种中“贵”诱导愈伤组织能力和分化芽能力最强,MS＋NAA 1mg／L＋6-BA 2～3mg／L为诱导愈伤组织的适宜培养基,MS＋6-BA 1mg／L＋IAA 0．3～0．5mg／L为分化不定芽的适宜培养基．     

苦豆子愈伤组织的诱导与继代培养的去褐化研究

利用苦豆子的子叶进行愈伤组织的诱导与继代,筛选出诱导愈伤组织及继代时的最佳培养基．实验发现各种培养基均能诱导出愈伤组织,0．5—1．0mg／L的2,4-D和0．5—2．0mg／L的细胞分裂素6-BA或与Zt共同添加,诱导的愈伤组织状态较好,且当NAA（浓度为0．5mg／L）存在时可改善愈伤组织的状态;浓度为2．0mg／L的Kt和1．0mg／L以下的2,4-D、NAA分别或同时使用时同样可得状态较好的愈伤组织．低浓度的2,4-D、6-BA混合使用或添加1．0mg／L以下的NAA是愈伤组织继代时较好的激素组合,同时观察到0．5mg／L2,4-D和0．5mg／L Kt以及0．5mg／L2,4-D、0．2m-g／LNAA和0．2mg／LTDZ两种组合也能较好的继代愈伤组织．愈伤组织的去褐化除调节激素的浓度与配比外,还采取了其他的去褐化措施,发现添加0．1％活性炭的条件下快速继代（2d继代一次）以及调整基本培养基是较好的去褐化措施．     

杉木合子胚愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生

以杉木成熟及未成熟合子胚为外植体，研究了基本培养基、植物激素、合子胚的发育阶段等因素对杉木愈伤组织的诱导及不定芽分化的影响。结果表明：1／2MS＋2mg／L 2，4-D＋1．0mg／L 6-BA＋1．0mg／L KT＋30g／L蔗糖是成熟合子胚诱导愈伤组织的最佳培养基；处于胚胎选择阶段或者组织与器官分化阶段的幼胚，能诱导出松软、晶莹透明的愈伤组织，诱导频率为2％～6％。成熟阶段的幼胚诱导出的愈伤组织的外观形态与成熟合子胚诱导出的愈伤组织相似，愈伤组织的诱导频率随着合子胚发育的成熟而迅速提高；DCR＋1．5mg／L 6-BA＋1．5mg／L KT＋20g／L蔗糖是诱导不定芽发生的最佳培养基。高约1．5cm的不定芽转入生根培养基，生根率可达100%。     

裂叶秋海棠的离体快速繁殖

利用野生裂叶秋海棠叶片及叶柄培养，通过两种方式获得大量再生植株。(1)直接从外植体表面诱导出不定芽，最佳诱导培养基为MS 6-BA 3mg／L，不定芽在培养基MS NAA0．5mg／L 6-BA0．5mg／L增殖成丛生芽．(2)先诱导出愈伤组织，再由愈伤组织分化出大量不定芽．最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS NAA0．5mg／L 2，4-D0．5mg／L 6-BA0．5mg／L,愈伤组织不定芽分化培养基为MS 6-BA 1mg／L,试管苗在含1／5MS无机盐的培养基上生根，之后移栽成活率达85％。     

激素质量浓度及不同培养方式对马铃薯愈伤组织的诱导

以马铃薯幼茎为供试材料,通过在液体和固体的MS培养基中分别添加植物激素NAA和6-BA,进行愈伤组织诱导.实验结果表明,无论激素是添加在液体培养基还是固体培养基中,愈伤组织诱导率都随着NAA质量浓度的增加先升高后降低,液体培养基中愈伤组织最佳诱导率是77.78%（NAA2.5 mg/L＋6-BA0.5mg/L）;固体培养基中愈伤组织最佳诱导率是100.00%（NAA3.5mg/L＋6-BA0.5mg/L）.并且,固体培养基中添加激素的诱导率普遍高于液体培养基中添加激素的诱导率,表明液体培养基中添加激素的方式不能提高马铃薯的愈伤组织诱导.6-BA对马铃薯愈伤组织的诱导影响没有NAA显著.本文还对马铃薯未分化愈伤组织及分化出不定根的愈伤组织进行扫描电镜观察.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-