Co-Al-W三元合金热处理组织

研究不同Al和W含量对四种Co-Al-W三元合金的初熔温度、热处理组织和硬度的影响. 结果表明:四种Co-Al-W三元合金的固、液相点温度均超过镍基单晶高温合金液相点温度;在1300℃/8h固溶处理后,三种合金均仅得到γ(fcc)单相组织,而高W合金在晶界和晶内均有μ相Co7W6析出;在800℃/100h和900℃/50h时效处理后,四种合金在基体γ相中均析出L12型γ′相Co3(Al,W),其γ+γ′两相组织形貌与镍基高温合金相似;高W(12%)和高Al(12%)合金分别促进了μ相Co7W6和富Al相析出. 综合以上结果并结合时效合金的硬度结果,初步确定了含γ+γ′两相组织的合金成分范围.     

GH3625合金中析出相的热力学计算

利用JMatPro金属材料相图与性能计算软件和相应的镍基高温合金数据库,计算GH3625合金中析出的平衡相,研究不同合金元素C、Al、Ti、Fe质量分数的变化对主要析出相的影响,并分析各相的析出规律.结果表明:GH3625合金中的主要平衡相有γ相,Ni_2M相,μ相,δ相,γ′相以及3类碳化物相(MC、M6C、M_(23)C_6);C质量分数的增加使3类碳化物的析出温度和最大析出量显著提高,但当C质量分数大于0.04%时,MC的析出温度无显著变化;Al、Ti质量分数的增加对γ′相的析出规律有明显影响,且Al的影响明显大于Ti;Fe质量分数升高对M6C、M_(23)C_6相的析出温度影响显著,分别下降115、102℃,但对碳化物的最大析出量无明显影响,随Fe质量分数的增加,Ni_2M相的析出温度下降82℃,析出量减少31.28%.     

镍基高温合金长期时效过程中第二相的析出

为考察合金在高温长期时效过程中的组织变化情况,使合金分别在800℃,900℃进行了100～1000h的长期时效,并对由镍基基体上析出的第二相粒子利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、电子探针等测试手段进行了观察与分析·发现碳化物和TCP相的析出有着类似之处,都在800℃时效时比在更高温度时效容易析出,颗粒尺寸也大于900℃时效时的尺寸;观察到析出碳化物种类有M23C6型、M7C3型;TCP相种类有μ相、σ相·通过测量γ′相的平均半径得到其析出特性符合里夫希茨·瓦格纳的第二相粒子成熟理论·相与组织的准确确定,为其后确定合金的拉伸与持久性能提供了有力的分析基础·     

高W,Mo的GH220合金X光定量相分析

应用X光定量相分析方法测出了高W、Mo含量的GH220合金中不同热处理状态下各析出相的含量,从晶体结构角度区分了M_6C和μ相,从而解决了化学相分析中由于M_6C和μ相主要元素组成及电化学性质相近而难以分离的困难,为研究合金性能变化,确定最佳W,Mo量提供了依据。     

钴对Fe-Cr-Ni-Co基Refractoloy26合金显微组织的影响

本文比较系统地研究了钴对Fe-Cr-Ni-Co基Refractoloy26合金组织结构的影响。实验采用光学显微镜,电子显微镜,X射线衍射分析及化学相分析等方法对不同含钴量合金的显微组织进行了观察和分析。结果表明:减少Refractoloy26合金中的含钴量将使γ析出相的重量百分数和γ′相颗粒尺寸增加,而使γ-γ′相之间的点阵错配度减小;使合金中析出的MC碳化物稳定性降低,从而使合金在时效过程中形成较多的M23C6和M6C碳化物,并使析出的各类碳化物总量增加,在高钴合金中,M23C6碳化物不再存在,但有μ相析出。另外,定量金相分析结果证明合金含钴量对孪晶形成的数量和形貌也均有影响。     

合金元素对新型镍基粉末高温合金的热力学平衡相析出行为的影响

通过热力学平衡相计算方法,系统研究了某新型镍基粉末高温合金时效温度下合金元素对热力学平衡相析出行为的影响.计算结果表明:René104合金析出的主要平衡相为γ′、MC、M23C6、M3B2和TCP相.Cr和Co含量主要影响TCP相的析出行为及γ′相的析出温度,Cr含量对M23C6和M3B2的析出行为有一定的影响,Cr的建议质量分数为13%;Mo和W含量影响TCP相和M3B2的析出行为.质量比Al/Ti和Nb/Ta影响γ′相的析出行为,建议控制Al/Ti和Nb/Ta比平衡,以使γ′相起到理想的强化效果.C和B含量显著影响碳化物和硼化物的析出量,还可间接抑制TCP相析出;Zr含量对MC和M23C6碳化物的析出有影响;增Co降Cr和调节合金元素含量以获得小的点阵错配度是第3代涡轮盘用粉末冶金高温合金成分优化设计的趋势.     

Fe-W-Cr耐热钢时效组织的研究

对目前正任试用的Fe-W-Cr 耐热钢用金相、电子金相、X-光、热膨振、电阻等方法作了研究,研究表明:该钢和合金有α-γ相变,从1150℃左右淬火下来的组织为铁素体+马氏体。700℃时效时,从α品粒中析出 Laves 相,同时马氏体分解析出碳化物(有M_(23)G6,M_6C和M_7C_3等).钢中起强化作用的是 Laves 相,它在700℃比较稳定。     

热处理工艺对热挤压变形粉末高温合金FGH95组织与性能的影响

对比研究了FGH95合金在不同热加工工艺和热处理制度下合金的组织及γ′的分布,用光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)观察了不同热处理制度处理后合金的组织及时效后γ′的中心暗场相,测试了室温(20℃)和高温(650℃)材料的拉伸性能,并对高温瞬时断裂区断口进行了对比分析. 结果表明:相同热处理工艺,HIP温度越高,时效析出的γ′相尺寸越大;不同热处理制度均能够改变γ′的分布;盐浴冷却明显增大中等尺寸γ′相数量,显著提高合金高温塑性.     

合金元素对R5系泊链钢中平衡析出相的影响

采用Thermo-Calc热力学计算软件,对R5系泊链钢在400～1600℃存在的平衡析出相进行了热力学计算,并讨论了合金元素对平衡析出相的影响. 结果表明,R5系泊链钢中平衡析出相主要为M_(23)C_6、M_6C、MX和AlN,其中M为Cr、Fe、Mn、Mo、Nb、Ni和V等,X为C、N和空位Va等. 在此基础上讨论了合金元素C、Cr、Mo和Nb对M_(23)C_6相、M_6C相及MX相的平衡摩尔含量和平衡析出温度的影响,优化了新型R5系泊链钢的合金体系及热处理工艺,提出新型R5系泊链钢的最佳热处理工艺为920±30℃淬火和600±30℃回火,其中金属元素Mo的质量分数以0.45%为佳.     

热处理对10Cr-15Co-Ni基高温合金组织和性能的影响

10Cr-15Co-Ni基高温合金以W、Mo、Al、Ti及微量Mg、B等进行强化,相当于苏联某牌号Ni基合金,使用温度为900～950℃。从苏联这种合金的实物叶片解剖情况来看,此合金的使用状态是晶内有大小两种γ′相,晶界为锯齿状,晶内与晶界强化得到了良好配合。但是,用苏联5·1797-73标准给出的此合金热处理工艺,处理后为平直晶界。因此,热处理工艺的研究,是这种合金涡轮叶片试制的重要课题之一。我们全面的研究了固溶处理后缓冷、γ′相回溶再析出、固溶处理后等温等热处理工艺对此合金组织和性能的影响。在确切掌握弯晶形成规律的基础上,得出固溶处理后在1070℃等温处理的效果最好,晶内与晶界状态相似于苏联的实物叶片,机械性能也达到了实物叶片的水平。这种合金的晶界碳化物以M_6C为主,对弯曲晶界形成起主要作用。热处理过程中,使M_6C以较慢速率在晶界形核,并以较快速度长成粗大颗粒,即可获得弯曲晶界。在晶内充分强化的基础上,使晶界锯齿化,可以有效地提高合金的高温持久强度和塑性。上述最佳等温工艺可以使晶内和晶界强化得到较好的配合,这一工艺经几个批次试验的效果稳定,在实际生产上切实可行。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with