干旱条件下蚕豆光合和生理特性变化研究

通过盆栽控制水分试验方法,对土壤适宜含水量(90%fθ)、轻度干旱(70%θf)、中度干旱(50%θf)和重度干旱(30%fθ)4种水分条件下蚕豆叶片光合和生理特性进行了系统研究.结果表明:随着干旱程度加重,蚕豆叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)受到了明显抑制,细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)则先升高后下降再上升;随着胁迫时间的延长,蚕豆叶片细胞膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和渗透调节物质含量明显增加,叶片内的相对含水量和叶绿素含量减少,保护酶系统(SOD,POD,CAT)活性随着胁迫时间的延长,总体表现为先升高后降低.     

水分胁迫下玉米幼苗光合变化和生理特性分析

对不同水分胁迫下玉米幼苗光合变化和生理特性的系统研究表明,在轻度干旱初期,玉米叶片光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)有所下降,同正常供水(CK)条件相比差异不显著;在中度和重度干旱条件下,Pn,Tr开始就比CK明显降低并不断增大,其间气孔导度(Gs)则同光合速率、蒸腾速率几乎呈平行关系,同时幼苗生长也受到了明显抑制;3种胁迫下,叶片含水量也逐渐减少,丙二醛(MDA)含量、细胞膜透性和渗透调节物质含量随着胁迫程度加深和胁迫时间延长明显增加,保护酶系统(SOD,POD,CAT)活性随着胁迫时间的延长,总体呈现出先升高后降低的趋势.     

干热河谷引种沙漠葳的抗旱生理特征

以引种于干热河谷典型地区元谋的沙漠葳(Chilopsis linearis)为研究对象,测定其旱季水势、叶片保水能力、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Cond)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)等生理指标的日动态变化。结果表明：在干旱胁迫下,沙漠葳植株通过降低水势以有效地从土壤中吸取水分;沙漠葳叶片失水曲线总体平缓,水分保持能力强;其光合日进程曲线为双峰曲线,在一天中温度、光照和水分条件恶劣的14:00左右仍具有一定的光合能力。耐旱生理研究与田间生长观察表明,沙漠葳可适应干热河谷的恶劣气候并能正常生长。     

水分胁迫对枣叶片光合作用和保护酶活性的影响

以枣为试材,在大田滴灌条件下采取控水试验,研究不同水分处理对枣树光合作用和保护酶活性的影响。结果表明,各处理的蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)日变化规律一致:Tr呈双峰曲线,Gs先上升后下降,Ci先下降后上升;对照(CK)和轻度水分胁迫(Ⅰ)的净光合速率(Pn)和Tr呈双峰曲线,重度水分胁迫(Ⅱ)下"双峰"和"午休"现象消失;随着水分胁迫的加剧,枣树叶片的Pn、Tr、Gs和Ci均下降,枣叶片中的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量均升高,过氧化物酶(POD)活性在轻度水分胁迫下升高,在重度水分胁迫下,活性降低。综合各项指标测定,轻度胁迫处理的灌溉周期为不影响枣生长及生产的节水灌溉策略。     

深圳地区桂花夏冬季光合生理特性的比较

在自然条件下使用LI-6400光合仪,分别在夏季和冬季,对深圳地区引进的4个桂花品种(‘日香桂’、‘小叶佛顶珠’、‘晚银桂’、‘万点金’)的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Cond)、光合有效辐射(PAR)、大气温度(Ta)等生理生态因子的日变化进行了测定,并对桂花Pn与各种因子的关系进行了比较分析,结果表明:在夏季,4个桂花品种Pn日变化均呈现不对称的双峰曲线,有明显的光合"午休"现象.在冬季,4个桂花品种Pn日变化均呈现单峰曲线,不存在"午休"现象.胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、Cond、PAR、Ta和叶片水压亏缺(VPD)是影响桂花Pn较大的几个因子,其中Ci和Ta在夏季的影响程度尤为突出,PAR在冬季的影响程度最为明显.     

铜、水分胁迫下金属型植物海洲香薷水分代谢的变化

金属型植物生长土壤重金属含量高,同时保水性和持水能力差,易造成重金属和干旱双重胁迫。据此,本项目选用铜污染区(CS)和非污染区海洲香薷(NCS)为试材,以水培方法构成Cu、水分胁迫,研究金属型植物蒸腾速率(Tr)、叶片水分利用效率(WUE)以及叶片相对含水量(RWC)等的变化。结果表明,与对照相比,Cu、水分胁迫以及Cu+水分胁迫下,NCS的Tr明显下降,WUE明显提高,RWC和根自然含水量(NWC)下降或明显下降。不同的是,对CS而言,其Tr在Cu胁迫下明显上升,在其它处理下明显下降;其WUE在水分胁迫下明显增加,在其它处理下无明显变化;RWC和NWC下降或明显下降;尽管胁迫下CS和NCS的Tr和RWC均下降,但是下降的幅度有较大差别。总之,在铜和干旱胁迫下,不同来源金属型植物水分代谢存在明显差异,其结果可为尾矿库复垦以及矿山生态恢复提供科学依据。     

四翅滨藜抗旱生理特性研究

通过盆栽控水和聚乙二醇(PEG)渗透胁迫(PEG渗透势为0%,5%,10%,15%,20%)试验,测定四翅滨藜幼苗叶的保水力、相对含水量、水分饱和亏、相对电导度、叶绿素含量、MDA含量、光合生理指标等,对四翅滨藜幼苗的抗旱生理特性进行研究。结果表明:盆栽控水6d土壤含水量(质量分数)下降为8.3%时,对其幼苗的光合生理指标没有明显影响;在渗透胁迫下,四翅滨藜幼苗叶相对含水量、叶绿素含量、自由水含量等呈下降趋势;水分饱和亏、相对电导度、MDA含量、束缚水含量等呈上升趋势;在严重胁迫(PEG渗透15%,20%)下,这些生理指标的变幅较大。四翅滨藜幼苗叶保水能力强,束缚水含量较高,抗旱性强。     

聚丙烯酰胺和CO2浓度变化对胡杨叶片光合和水分利用效率的影响

采用盆栽实验研究了不同聚丙烯酰胺用量下较短时间内CO2浓度升高对1年生胡杨叶片光合和水分和用效率的影响。结果表明：（1）随着聚丙烯酰胺用量的减少,土壤水吸力上升,干旱胁迫加重。叶片水势、净光合速率（Pn）、水分利用效率（WUE）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）随着干旱胁迫的加重而降低,胞间CO2浓度（Ci）则呈上升趋势。（2）随着CO2浓度的升高,各处理的胡杨叶片Pn、WUE、Ci上升,Tr、Gs下降。由此说明：CO2浓度升高对胡杨叶片Pn和WUE的促进作用在一定程度上能缓解干旱胁迫作用;聚丙烯酰胺用量大时,CO2浓度升高对胡杨Pn的促进作用较好;随着外界CO2浓度的升高,气孔关闭,蒸腾速率降低,从而增加了胡杨WUE,这将加强胡杨的耐旱能力。     

低温胁迫对棉花幼苗叶片光合特性的影响

以6个北疆棉花主栽品种(品系)为试材,对其进行5℃的低温处理,25℃为对照,研究其幼苗光合特性的变化。结果表明:低温处理后,棉花幼苗叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)均比对照低,而叶片细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)的变化在不同品种中表现差异,新陆早13、297-5和4723下降,而81-3、新陆早36和134-1的变化呈上升趋势。此外,结果还显示,低温处理对棉花幼苗叶片光合参数(Pn、Ci、Gs、Tr)的影响在品种间存在显著差异。因此,Pn、Ci、Gs、Tr可以作为鉴定棉花抗寒性能的指标。     

水分胁迫对B优827生理特性和产量性状的影响

对籼型杂交水稻B优827和中度抗旱品种冈优725（对照）分蘖期进行了正常水分条件（相对含水量100％,V/V）、轻度水分胁迫（相对含水量70％,V／V）、重度水分胁迫（相对含水量50％,V／V）的水分胁迫处理9d,研究了光合速率、超氧离子（O2-）、抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT）活性等生理特性和产量性状的变化。B优827在分蘖期轻度水分胁迫、重度水分胁迫下都表现为抗干旱能力比冈优725强;轻度胁迫和重度水分胁迫下,随着胁迫时间的增加,光合速率都会下降、活性氧物质含量上升、抗氧化酶含量也相应上升。而且重度水分胁迫下,光合速率下降迅速,活性氧及其抗氧化酶含量比轻度胁迫下耍高．但胁迫第9d酶活性出现下降．说明机体詈到了严莺的榀伤．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that