从菜西瓜中提取果胶的最佳工艺研究

为确定从菜西瓜中提取果胶的最佳工艺条件 ,以山西省临汾市菜西瓜为材料 ,采用酸法进行了提取果胶的试验研究。正交试验结果表明 :在萃取时间为 4 5min的前提下 ,从瓜瓤中提取果胶最佳工艺条件为加水量为原料重量的 4倍 ,85℃下 ,添加原料重量 0 3%的多聚磷酸钠 ,果胶得率可达 2 0 3% ;从外果皮中提取果胶 ,加水量为原料重量的 4倍 ,75℃下 ,添加原料重量 0 7%的多聚磷酸钠 ,果胶得率可达 2 98%。     

超声波提取壶瓶枣中芦丁的工艺研究

探索超声波提取山西红枣中芦丁的最佳提取工艺.以芦丁提取量为考察指标,采用单因素试验考察超声时间、超声温度、超声功率、超声次数对提取工艺的影响,并通过正交试验确定最佳工艺条件.实验证明,最佳提取工艺为：超声提取3次,温度65℃,每次40 min,超声功率175 W.本工艺操作简便、结果准确且稳定性好.     

醇提-酯萃法提取竹叶中的总黄酮

研究了醇提-酯萃法提取竹叶中总黄酮的各种影响因素，采用正交试验寻找最佳提取条件，实验结果表明：15倍原料重的75%乙醇在70 ℃温度下提取5 h为最佳.     

芦笋中芦丁的提取和测定

采用正交试验法对芦笋中芦丁的最佳提取工艺做了研究,找出最佳提取条件为料液比1 g:30 mL,浸提温度为75～80℃,浸提时间为6 h,乙醇浓度为70%.采用紫外可见分光法检测芦丁的含量,不用加显色剂,直接以258 nm作为最大吸收波长,结果表明,在最佳条件下,芦笋中芦丁的平均含量稳定在2.62%左右,该方法的平均回收率为99.73%,标准偏差为0.97%.试验方法样品处理简单,准确度高,精密度好,很适合于芦笋中芦丁提取和测定.     

平菇多糖提取方法的比较

以平菇为原料, 分别采用破碎、 超声波和超声辅助复合酶3种提取方法提取平菇水溶性多糖. 正交优化结果表明： 提取温度90 ℃, 剪切速率11 350 r/min, 提取时间20 min, 提取3次, 破碎法提取多糖得率为11.20%; 提取温度60 ℃,  超声功率450 W, 提取时间60 min, 提取3次, 超声法提取多糖得率为9.75%; 提取温度30 ℃, 超声功率350 W, 提取时间60 min, 溶液pH=5, 超声辅助复合酶法提取多糖得率为12.05%. 综合考虑提取得率、 节能环保、 操作方法等因素, 选用破碎法提取平菇多糖较理想.     

超声波法虎杖中总黄酮提取工艺研究

目的 确定超声波辅助方法提取虎杖中总黄酮的最佳工艺.方法 采用正交实验优化影响虎杖中总黄酮类成分提取的4种主要因素：提取剂（CH3CH2OH）浓度、提取温度、超声时间以及料液比;并以芦丁为标准样品,利用紫外可见分光光度法测定虎杖中总黄酮的吸光度值,为确定最佳提取条件提供参考.结果 通过正交实验得到从虎杖中提取总黄酮的最佳工艺为：乙醇浓度为75％,超声温度为50℃,超声时间为35 min,料液比1∶40,其提取率可以达到7.68％.结论 通过该实验确立了虎杖中总黄酮提取的最优工艺,提取效果良好、操作简便易行,节能环保.     

微波辅助萃取从玉米中提取黄色素的研究

研究了以玉米为原料,用微波辅助萃取技术从玉米中提取黄色素;通过改变溶剂、玉米目数、微波提取温度、提取时间等条件,考察了对玉米黄色素提取效果的影响。正交实验结果表明:玉米黄色素提取效果受温度影响比较大,时间次之,目数的影响较小;优化工艺条件为以95%乙醇为溶剂,液料比为10∶1mL/g,原料目数80目,浸提温度70℃,提取时间11min。在此条件下,提取液的吸光度可达0.658。     

超声波提取芦笋皮中黄酮类化合物及其抗氧化活性的研究

应用超声波技术,以芦笋皮为原料提取黄酮类化合物,探讨超声波的提取时间、超声波功率、乙醇浓度、温度及料液比等因素对其总黄酮提取效果的影响.通过单因素试验与正交试验分析得出最佳提取工艺条件:超声波强度为100%、提取时间为75min、乙醇浓度80%、温度为75℃、料液比为1∶100.该工艺条件下提取黄酮类化合物提取含量为10.23mg/g.芦笋皮中黄酮类化合物对氧自由基和羟自由基均有较强的抑制和清除能力,其抗氧化活性随着样品浓度的增大而增强,且抗氧化活性强于芦丁和抗坏血酸.     

曲克芦丁新工艺合成研究

以甲醇钠作为催化剂,芦丁、环氧乙烷为原料在甲醇中制备曲克芦丁.研究了在不同温度、反应时间及压强条件下对产品纯度和收率的影响.经实验证明,在高压釜内压强0.2 MPa、温度75℃条件下经5h反应,无需精制即可得到外标纯度高达80%的曲克芦丁.     

仙人掌多糖提取工艺的研究

以仙人掌为原料,用热水浸提法提取多糖,采用正交试验法对仙人掌多糖的提取工艺进行优化.结果表明,优选出仙人掌多糖最佳提取工艺:质量浓度为33 3g/L,提取温度95℃,提取时间2h,75%乙醇醇析.多糖的平均提取率为4 73%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~     

Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has