叔碳酸乙烯酯改性聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液的制备研究

采用半连续种子乳液聚合法,用叔碳酸乙烯酯(VeoVa 10)对醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)进行了共聚改性,使其改性乳液的耐水性、耐碱性等都有了很大的提高,得到了可以满足喷雾干燥法制备可再分散聚合物粉末的高固含量改性乳液.红外光谱证实VeoVa 10与 VAc发生了共聚,TEM表明粉末产品分散液的粒径较小,约为0.5～2.0 μm.并对影响聚合的因素进行了较为全面的考察,得出优化的工艺条件为:改性单体用量为主单体量的5.0%～10.0%,引发剂为混合单体量的0.3%～0.5%,保护胶体为混合单体量的7.5%～15%,阴/非离子型乳化剂组成复合乳化剂(用量为混合单体量的2.0%～3.0%,配比为1∶2～1∶3),分散剂、消泡剂和酸碱缓冲剂均适量,加料时间3～4 h,反应温度70～75 ℃.     

苯丙-硅溶胶纳米复合乳液的制备及其性能

采用原位乳液聚合法制备了苯丙-硅溶胶纳米复合乳液,系统研究了乳化剂种类和用量对乳液稳定性、乳胶膜吸水率以及乳胶粒子粒径的影响.结果表明:相比单独使用,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)与壬基酚聚氧化乙烯基醚(OP-10)按质量比为2∶1复配时制备的乳液稳定性最好;当乳化剂用量为0.75%～1.5%时,所制复合乳液稳定性好,乳胶膜的吸水率为3.64%～5.72%.与共混乳液(硅溶胶和苯丙乳液的共混物)和苯丙乳液的乳胶膜相比,复合乳胶膜的吸水率显著降低;透射电子显微镜(TEM)检测结果表明:与共混乳液相比,复合乳液中游离的纳米SiO2粒子数大大减少.     

纤维素醚稳定的聚丙烯酸酯乳液结构与性能

以羟乙基纤维素为主要稳定剂制备了聚丙烯酸酯乳液,通过TEM观察乳液乳胶粒的形态,并采用红外光谱分析接枝共聚物的结构,探讨了乳液的电解质稳定性、机械稳定性、冻融稳定性和稀释稳定性以及乳胶膜的吸水和力学性能,并与采用低相对分子质量乳化剂制备的聚丙烯酸酯乳液的相应性能进行了比较．结果表明：以羟乙基纤维素为主要稳定剂制备的聚丙烯酸酯乳液具有空间稳定结构,其电解质稳定性大大优于采用低相对分子质量乳化剂制备的聚丙烯酸酯乳液,乳胶膜的拉伸强度和伸长率也分别由14．6MPa和462．3％提高到17．1MPa和524．6％．     

乳化剂对核壳乳液聚合体系的影响

本文采用半连续-预乳化工艺制备了表层羧酸化的聚丙烯酸丁酯,聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-衣康酸)(PBA/P(MMA-ITA))核壳乳液.通过对乳液粒径及其分布、凝聚率和表面张力的分析研究了乳化剂种类、配比、用量以及功能单体等因素对聚合体系稳定性的影响, 采用非水滴定法、傅立叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等方法对乳胶粒子进行了表征.实验结果表明:OP-10引入乳化体系,使聚合体系的稳定性增加,但随着OP-10用量的增加, 乳胶粒子粒径增大、粒径分布变宽,聚合体系的稳定性降低;复合乳化剂SDS/OP-10用量增加,乳胶粒子粒径减小,聚合体系的稳定性增加;极性单体ITA的使用导致聚合体系的稳定性降低.分析结果还证明ITA已成功参与了壳层的聚合反应.乳胶粒子具有明显的核/壳结构.     

可聚合乳化剂在丙烯酸酯乳液聚合中的应用研究

采用可聚合乳化剂烯丙氧基壬基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚硫酸铵(DNS-86),通过种子预乳化半连续法合成丙烯酸酯乳液.考察了不同乳化剂体系、可聚合乳化剂DNS-86用量、引发剂(APS)用量、反应温度对乳液及涂膜性能的影响,并用FT-IR、TEM等对产物结构、形态进行了表征,获得了最佳反应条件.结果表明:使用可聚合乳化剂DNS-86能提高单体转化率,改善乳液的稳定性;随着DNS-86用量增加,涂膜的耐水性增加,力学性能提高.     

乳化剂对核壳含氟苯丙乳胶粒形貌及涂膜润湿性的影响

采用预乳化半连续种子乳液聚合方法,选用3种乳化剂体系(SDS/OP-10,DNS-86,DNS-86与含氟乳化剂复配)制备含氟苯丙乳液,研究其对合成核壳含氟苯丙乳液的乳胶粒形貌和乳液涂膜疏水疏油性的影响.利用透射电镜、红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱和水/油接触角测试对所制备乳液的乳胶粒形貌、化学组成、涂膜表面元素信息和疏水...     

以水性聚氨酯为乳化剂的丙烯酸酯乳胶的制备与性能研究

以水性聚氨酯(WPU)为高分子乳化剂进行丙烯酸酯乳液聚合,制备了聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯(PUA)复合乳胶,探讨了影响乳胶粒径、黏度、稳定性、涂膜附着力和光泽度等性能的因素．此外,还将PUA乳胶和由小分子乳化剂制备的聚丙烯酸酯乳胶的稳定性和涂膜附着力进行了比较．结果表明,以WPU为乳化剂制备的乳胶稳定性和涂膜附着力优于用小分子乳化剂制得的乳胶．     

漆酚基乳化剂对O/W型生漆乳液性能的影响

以漆酚基乳化剂(UE)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为混合乳化剂,制备稳定的水包油(O/W)型生漆乳液(RLE),研究UE的结构对RLE的稳定性、粒子形态及其流变性的影响.实验结果表明,由UE8D/PVA及UE10B/PVA混合乳化剂制备的RLE贮存稳定性好,RLE在常温下可贮存90 d以上不分层;除了UE8A外,用不同UE制备的RLE粒子均为球形,其直径小于400 nm;RLE都有剪切变稀的特性,表现出假塑性流体的行为;随着UE分子中聚氧乙烯链的增长,RLE的粘度增大,RLE粒子间所形成的某种静态空间网状结构强度增强.     

HPMA对丙烯酸酯乳液及其可再分散乳胶粉性能的影响

通过添加甲基丙烯酸-β-羟丙酯(HPMA)和甲基丙烯酸(MAA),制备了软核硬壳的丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液及其可再分散乳胶粉,讨论了HPMA用量对乳液和乳胶粉的成膜性、再分散稳定性和耐水性等性能的影响.实验结果表明,HPMA添加量(质量分数,下同)为1.2%时,在保证再分散稳定性的同时得到的丙烯酸酯原乳液及可再分散乳胶粉的成膜性好,耐水性最优;吸光度测试显示HPMA添加量小于等于1.2%时,乳胶粉再分散稳定性好,分散度达90%,吸光度平均变化小于10%;差示扫描量热(DSC)测试显示丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液胶膜有6.98和30.11℃两个玻璃化转变温度,乳胶粒子具有两相结构;透射电镜测试表明合成的乳液粒子有核壳结构;扫描电镜测试显示原乳液和乳胶粉成膜性能优异,合成的原乳液在成膜过程中发生了微相分离,进一步说明了合成的乳液具有核壳结构.     

乳液聚合中乳化剂对聚合物稳定性的考察

在乳液聚合中 ,乳化剂虽然不直接参加化学反应 ,但它使单体在水中的分散变得容易 ,并能减低单体相和水相之间的表面张力 ,影响聚合物分子量及分子量的分布 ,影响乳胶的粘度和尺寸 ,从而关联到乳液系统的稳定可靠性 ,是乳液聚合的重要组分之一 .本实验在乙酸乙烯酯 -丙烯酸 -顺丁烯二酸二丁酯的三元共聚中 ,改变阴离子乳化剂和非离子乳化剂的比例 ,对聚合物乳液的冻融稳定性、高温稳定性和稀释稳定性进行考察 ,以寻求 2种乳化剂用量的最佳比例范围 .1　实验部分1 .1　主要原料配方　乙酸乙烯酯 (ＶＡＣ ,工业纯 )1 0 0ｇ ;丙烯酸 (ＡＡ ,化学…     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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