基于目标语统计的译文选择的研究

译文选择是词义消歧研究在机器翻译中的分支．本文介绍了基于目标语统计的译文选择的原理,并以英汉机器翻译中汉语译文的选择为例,详细讨论了基于目标语统计的方法的实现．通过对词典译文的处理得到统计数据．为适应实用化系统的要求,统计数据进行压缩,并采用特殊的检索算法．提出了多项式级的逐步渗透译文选择算法,实验结果表明,该算法可以将译文选择正确率提高１０％以上．     

一种基于词语搭配的语义消歧方法

提出一种利用规则与统计相结合的方法用于英汉机译系统中以消解语义级歧义 ,建立了一种根据单词之间的词语搭配关系以消除歧义的模型。该模型利用英汉双语语料选择合理的词组语义 ,对有歧义的单词作出标注。在此基础上给出了语义消歧的学习算法 ,并建立了一套有效的提高召回率的消歧算法。算法在英汉机译系统中的实际应用使正确率提高了约 10 % ,效果显著。     

英治机器翻译系统中介词多义的处理方法

在英汉机器翻译中，英语介词多义的处理是最难解决的问题之一，尽管国内外一些机器翻译专家在这方面已做了许多工作，并获得一些成果，但远未能彻底解决这一问题，在对英语介词的现象进行分类的基础上，以介词“ｉｎ”为例对其多义现象进行了详细的分析研究。在研制“智能型英汉机器翻译系统”中，采取在词典和规则中加入介词的语义属性和上下文相关函数等措施，比较好地解决了介词多义的问题。从而，使“智能型英汉机器翻译系统”的     

英汉机器翻译系统中介词多义的处理方法

在英汉机器翻译中，英语介词多义的处理是最难解决的问题之一。尽管国内外一些机器翻译专家在这方面已做了许多工作，并获得一些成果，但远未能彻底解决这一问题。在对英语介词的多义现象进行分类的基础上，以介词“ｉｎ”为例对其多义现象进行了详细的分析研究。在研制“智能型英汉机器翻译系统”中，采取在词典和规则中加入介词的语义属性和上下文相关函数等措施，比较好地解决了介词多义的问题。从而，使“智能型英汉机器翻译系统”的译准率大大提高。     

英汉机器翻译系统中介词多义的处理方法

在英汉机器翻译中，英语介词多义的处理是最难解决的问题之一。尽管国内外一些机器翻译专家在这方面已做了许多工作，并获得一些成果，但远未能彻底解决这一问题。在对英语介词的多义现象进行分类的基础上，以介词“ｉｎ”为例对其多义现象进行了详细的分析研究。在研制“智能型英汉机器翻译系统”中，采取在词典和规则中加入介词的语义属性和上下文相关函数等措施，比较好地解决了介词多义的问题。从而，使“智能型英汉机器翻译系统”的译准率大大提高。     

机器翻译英汉系统的适用性评测

本文作者以国家标准GB/T19363.1-2003翻译服务规范中所要求的"译文的完整性和准确度"作为评价标准,选择国际标准化组织发布的ISO 9001-2000英文版作为测试语料,对流行的五个机器翻译软件英汉系统的文本翻译能力进行了人工测评,并指出这些计器翻译译文中存在的普遍问题.     

基于N-gram共现的机器翻译自动评估的研究

机器翻译的研究是人工智能中自然语言理解部分的一个分支,而译文质量是机器翻译系统评估的核心问题.讨论了基于n-gram共现的机器翻译自动评测框架,介绍了BLEU、N IST两种自动评价方法,并针对其提出若干改进思路,旨在更好地实现机器翻译译文质量的自动评估,从而对机器翻译系统的开发和完善提供更好的指导和辅助.     

相似度增强的译文质量评估方法

机器翻译的质量评估作为不依赖参考译文而预测翻译质量的任务，在机器翻译领域中起到了重要的作用.相较于机器翻译，质量评估的数据资源非常稀缺，将跨语言预训练模型应用到该任务中，不但能受益于从大规模语料中学习到的跨语言知识，解决数据量不足的问题，而且极大地节约了计算资源.但与建立跨语言预训练模型采用的正常数据不同，译文质量评估面对的是正常的源端文本和错误程度不同的目标端文本，即它需要应对更大的两端语义差异.因此，本文为基于跨语言预训练模型的译文质量评估系统引入了特殊的语义关联处理层，通过相似度增强的拼接机制来增强原文与译文的语义关联性，从而提高质量评估的准确性.该方法在WMT19质量评估任务数据集上的实验结果验证了上述方法的有效性.     

英语功能名词短语研究及其应用

根据英语名词短语的句法功能,提出了一种新的英语名词短语——功能名词短语,同时与基本名词短语和最长名词短语相比较.利用Google在线翻译系统,对存在结构歧义的句子进行了翻译,发现英汉机器翻译的错误主要是由结构歧义引起的,并应用功能名词短语的定义对结构歧义问题予以解决.实验结果表明,功能名词短语的识别能够有效消解两种结构歧义:一是与动词构成固定搭配的名词引起的歧义;二是"介词+名词"结构是作状语还是作后置定语的歧义.功能名词短语的研究对消除句法结构歧义、提高英汉机器翻译译文质量具有重要意义.     

英汉机器翻译系统的设计和软件实现

ＸＥＣＭＴＳ是一个基于ＧＰＳＧ理论开发的英汉机器翻译系统。ＸＥＣＭＴＳ应用ＧＰＳＧ语法语义同构理论、实现了语法分析，语义分析和译文生成的同步完成，语法分析正确率为９１％，译文准确率为６５％。ＸＥＣＭＴＳ可在ＰＣ８０４８６或更高档的微机的ＭＳ－ＤＯＳ环境下运行。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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