杉木炭疽病与针叶中几种生化物质之间的关系

在同一生态环境中，历年发病与不发病的杉木群体间针叶生化物质量值存在着差异。不发病的健康杉木具有低的过氧化物酶活性和比活性、低的Ｎ、Ｐ含量及高的Ｋ和纤维素含素。炭疽病菌侵入当年新梢在发病盛期不发病，可能此时正值新梢生长盛期，寄主抗病性强之故。翌年，历年病株先年秋梢顶端表现出炭疽病症状，与还原糖含量高有利于病菌打破潜伏浸染状态，且由于该部位针叶维生素含量低也有利于病菌扩展从而导致寄主发病。随着病害的发     

关于大白菜—软腐欧文氏菌互作的某些新观点

以病菌根系侵入、系统性潜伏侵染为主要环节的病害循环;寄主—病菌接触识别;潜伏侵染和致病或发病状态转变中的寄主—病菌互作;互作的阶段性和专化性等,是近10年来对大白菜软腐病重新研究和认识的主要观点。这些观点对探讨和实施病害控制的新途径已产生重要的指导作用。     

江苏南京郊区和山东部分地区大白菜软腐病田间发生和潜伏侵染调查研究

1983—1992年在南京郊区4个蔬菜生产基地、2个试验点和山东4市一县5个地点作了调查,表明软腐病在大田主要发生在大白菜生长后期,发病率和发病程度因品种和地点不同而异。经对成株进行厌气检测发现,多数品种都有潜伏侵染,潜伏侵染率为33％—100％不等。贮藏期间可继续发生腐烂,并造成产量损失,因品种的不同,产量损失率约为15％至60％。对潜伏侵染的两种细菌共54上菌株作了鉴定,表明病原细菌是软腐欧文氏菌(Erwinia carotovora susp. carotovora     

杉木炭疽病的研究——Ⅰ.症状和病原的探讨

<正>杉木炭疽病在我国南方各省丘陵地区普遍发生。病害主要在春季为害幼树的先年秋梢,使梢头针叶枯死或梢头枯死。感病较轻的或在较老枝条上,只引起针叶先端枯死。从感病针叶和嫩茎上经常分离到一种毛盘孢属(Colletotrichum)的炭疽菌,经室内和林间接种试验和再分离,证明它是杉木炭疽病的病原物。在因炭疽病而枯死的针叶上,常常出现一种多毛孢菌(Pestalotia)的子实体,试验证明它们多半是次生的或腐生的真菌。因不正常的生理原因引起的黄化针叶更容易感病。 关于杉木的病害,以前很少报道。近十多年来,我国南方各省大力营造杉木用材林,在低山丘陵地区也建立了许多以杉木林为主的用材林基地。在这些杉木幼林中,普遍出现针叶及梢头黄化、枯死的现象,对幼树的生长造成极大影响。从1974年起,我们在江西对这个问题开始进行研究。当时因为对这种病害缺乏认识,总的称它为杉木叶枯病。经过两年的探索以后,弄清了杉木叶枯病实际上包括3种主要的病害,即杉木生理性黄化病、杉木细菌性叶枯病和杉木炭疽病。前两种病害的情况已有报道。本文将叙述我们对杉木炭疽病的研究结果。试验工作主要是在江西省进贤县北岭林场进行的,同时也到江西北部地区10余个县市的近20个场圃作了调查研究。     

根据植物—病原物互作控制烟草赤星病的途径

从世界主要产烟国家病害发生和变化的情况看。烟草赤星病在中国烟区有发生益广、病情和生产损失益重的趋势,未能根据发病规律施行控制、没有自己的抗病优质品种体系是其中的主要原因。根据植物—病原物互作的3个层次,可以从以下3方面研究探索病害控制的新途径:(1)利用病菌(Alternaria alternata)AT毒素作为致病因子的作用,在细胞或组织水平上胁迫筛选抗病性;(2)利用发生在寄主叶面的互作导误,通过种群强化把引起导误的起吸附抑制作用的病菌弱毒株和作为病菌侵染前行为制约因子的叶面微生物用于病害控制;(3)在群体、细胞和组织、基因控制3个互作水平上,探讨利用诱导抗性控制赤星病的途径。     

杉木人工林林木养分的季节变化及养分间的相互关系

作者于1988年在枫树山林场浮东分场林龄和立地条件不同的杉木人工林中采集针叶样品分析 N、P、K、Ca、Mg和S浓度以探寻杉木人工林的营养特性、养分的季节变化动态及不同养分之间的相互作用关系。结果表明,幼、壮、中龄林不同生育期养分的季节变化规律相似。针叶N、P、K、Mg和S浓度均为生长初期最低或较低,幼林针叶全氮及幼、壮、中龄林针叶全磷、全钾和全硫均在第一个生长高峰期(6月中旬)达到最大值,壮、中龄杉木针叶全氮及幼、壮、中龄杉木针叶全镁则在第二个生长高峰期(9月中旬)达到最大值。速生期杉木针叶全钙较低,尤其是第一个生长高峰期,初期和末期较高或最高。杉木植株氮、磷代谢之间存在明显的正相关关系。氮、硫代谢相互促进。钾、钙、镁营养之间存在显著的颉颃作用。     

植物病害潜伏侵染研究进展

潜伏侵染是病原菌侵入到寄主组织后不马上发病,而要等到寄主或环境条件适宜才表现症状的一种侵染现象,生物鉴定法、组织学法和血清学法可用于确定某一病害是否存在潜伏侵染。已知果树和农作物病害存在潜伏侵染现象的主要有香蕉炭疽病（Ｃｏｌｌｅｔｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍ ｇｌｏｅｏｓｐｏｒｉｏｉｄｅｓ）、西红柿腐烂病（Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａ ａｌｔｅｒｎａｔａ）、羽扇豆茎腐病（Ｐｈｏｍｏｐｓｉｓ ｌｅｐｔｏｓｔｒｏｍｉ－f     

福建省洋口林场杉木林生物量的年变化动态

<正>根据32株不同年龄、不同胸径杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)生物量数据所作回归分析,评选出胸径与各器官生物量之间相关最密切的方程。据此,估算出不同年龄杉木林分及各器官生物量。比较了不同年龄林分生物量的空间结构,分析了不同年龄杉木的平均净生产量、年间净生产量和针叶的净同化率,得出19-20年为该林分数量成熟的结论。     

菜豆锈病菌侵染对寄主生理代谢的影响

从细胞膜透性、呼吸强度、光合作用及游离氨基酸和蛋白质代谢等几方面,对菜豆锈病菌(Uromyces appendiculatus)侵染与菜豆生理代谢变化的关系进行了研究.结果表明U.appendiculatus侵染可导致被侵染菜豆叶片细胞膜透性的增加,但这种增加在抗感程度不同的品种中出现的早晚和程度不同; 抗感品种在接种后呼吸强度都增加,但不同品种呼吸强度升高的时间和程度有异;U.appendiculatus对寄主光合作用的影响体现在叶绿体含量的降低及光合产物(糖和淀粉)的异常积累;接种前后菜豆叶片中蛋白质含量无明显变化,但个别游离氨基酸的含量在抗病品种中有变化.     

不同含水率木质包装材料对松材线虫存活率的影响

对不同含水率的松木和杉木进行松材线虫存活率的检测实验,结果发现:(1)不同含水率的木材,在25 ℃和4 ℃下随着处理时间的延长,松材线虫的存活率不断下降;(2)含水率为12.0 %~22.8 %的木材,其中线虫存活率明显低于相同处理时间下未经烘窑烘干含水率为34.4 %~48.0 %的木材;(3)处理6 h后,含水率12.3 %的木材在25 ℃时未查到活虫(即处理木材中的松材线虫均死亡),在4 ℃时发现仍有5 %的线虫;(4)处理24 h后,经烘窑烘干含水率在22.8 %以下的木材在25 ℃和4 ℃下均未查到活虫,而在未经烘窑烘干含水率47.3 %的木材中仍然查到有47 %的存活线虫。试验初步证实含水率在22.8 %以下的木材不利于线虫的存活和侵染。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that