非结构环境下一种改进的区域生长点云分割方法

针对非结构环境下目标零件识别过程中零件相互堆叠造成分割困难的问题,提出了一种改进的区域生长点云分割算法。首先,采用直通和统计滤波器对获取的点云进行预处理,得到去除冗余数据后的点云;其次,使用八叉树建立点云之间的拓扑关系,提高后续点云分割的效率;最后,选择基于局部径向基函数的曲率计算方法,通过计算选取曲率最小点为初始种子点,并设定空间阈值范围进行区域生长。实验结果表明:该方法能有效解决非结构环境下零件堆叠导致的分割困难问题,分割准确度高且效率满足工业实时需求。     

点云数据热传导平滑过程中的惩罚函数形态

针对点云数据热传导平滑处理过程中惩罚函数的形态确定问题,提出了基于模糊数学隶属度函数形态相似性的热传导惩罚函数形态确定方法.通过对降半矩形分布、降半Г分布、降半正态分布、降半哥西分布、降半梯形分布和降岭形分布的数学形态分析,得出自变量的变化与惩罚函数值成非线性反比的函数选择原则.实验验证表明,降半哥西分布和降半正态分布为最佳实用函数,从而为点云数据的平滑去噪预处理提供了一条途径.     

Influence of cross correlation step length on the surface stress of thin laser cladding Fe314 alloy coatings

To measure the surface stress of thin laser cladding coatings with Rayleigh waves based on the cross correlation function, this paper introduced the influence of cross correlation step length on the stress measurement. Flat-shaped specimens made of laser cladding Fe314 alloy coatings were performed by static tensile tests, and Rayleigh wave signals were collected during the test process with an ultrasonic pulser and receiver instrument combined with two Rayleigh wave transducers. The difference in time of flight between two signals was determined based on the cross correlation function. The microstructure was observed by scanning electronic microscopy. The influence of the stress on the propagation velocity of Rayleigh waves and the relationship between the difference in time of flight and tensile stress under different cross correlation step lengths were analyzed. The inhomogeneous deformation of the coatings affects the relationship between the difference in time of flight and tensile stress; the stress measurement of the coatings is nearly constant with the increase of cross correlation step length when it attains one cycle.     

ICP算法在双目结构光系统点云匹配中的应用

双目结构光系统在测量物体时有更好的效果,测量物体视野是单目测量系统的两倍。该文根据针孔成像理论给出了双目结构光重构的数学表达式,并通过Zhang氏标定法给出了标定结果。在双目系统中,投影仪和摄像机的标定误差、仪器设备的系统误差,都会导致得到的两组三维点云数据不能很好地重合。因此,该文提出将标定获得的两个摄像机关系矩阵做为点云匹配的初值,使用改进的最近迭代点(iterative closest points,ICP)算法,加速点云匹配时间,并对经过初值变换的点云数据进行再次匹配,进一步减小系统在标定过程中的误差,从而达到对标定误差进行补偿的目的。实验结果表明:改进的ICP算法使标定后的点云能够很好地重合,并对标定值进行了修正,点云匹配的时间缩短为0.3s。     

阈值与纹理相结合的云识别方法

为了利用大气向下红外辐射进行云的地基红外遥感,分析了晴空辐射阈值的确定方法以及有云天空和晴空的LBP谱,进一步提出了阈值与纹理相结合的云识别方法.辐射阈值法可以逐像元地进行云识别,但一旦阈值确定不准,会导致云识别误差较大;有云与晴空的LBP谱有明显差异,可以利用晴空相似度周值进行云识别,但由于计算LBP谱需要在较大区域...     

Entrainment-mixing parameterization in shallow cumuli and effects of secondary mixing events

Parameterization of entrainment-mixing pro- cesses in cumulus clouds is critical to improve cloud parameterization in models, but is still at its infancy. For this purpose, we have lately developed a formulation to represent a microphysical measure defined as homoge- neous mixing degree in terms of a dynamical measure defined as transition scale numbers, and demonstrated the formulation with measurements from stratocumulus clouds. Here, we extend the previous work by examining data from observed cumulus clouds and find positive cor- relations between the homogeneous mixing degree and transition scale numbers. These results are similar to those in the stratocumulus clouds, but proved valid for the first time in observed cumulus clouds. The empiricalrelationships can be used to parameterize entrainment- mixing processes in two-moment microphysical schemes. Further examined are the effects of secondary mixing events on the relationships between homogeneous mixing degree and transition scale numbers with the explicit mixing parcel model. The secondary mixing events are found to be at least partially responsible for the larger scatter in the above positive correlations based on obser- vations than that in the previous results based on numerical simulations without considering secondary mixing events.     

地形对于对流云发展条件的数值模拟

本文采用地形坐标系，设计了复杂地形热力和动力作用下中尺度天气系统对流云发展的二维数值模式，由模拟试验得出了与理论和观测事实完全一致的结果，即地形的动力热力抬升作用及充沛的水汽源和不稳定层结有利于对流云的发生发展。     

基于ISCCP卫星资料的南中国海云量特征分析

为较准确地了解掌握可以反映南中国海天气和气候特征的云量分布演变特征,利用1999年1月至2009年12月的ISCCP卫星云量资料,通过物理量特征提取、对比分析等方法,研究了南中国海总云量及高、中、低云量的分布演变特征,以及其与其他海域各季节云量季节性变化特征。结果表明:南中国海低云量四季中均表现为由海区向沿岸递减,总云量和中、高云量夏秋季高于冬春季,低云量则相反。对于不同海域的云量细节特征要依据各季节大气和海洋环流变化来细致区分,这样有助于在掌握规律基础上有效制作海域上空云的预报。     

基于云计算的数字化图书馆新发展

介绍云计算概念与特点,分析云计算技术在图书馆业务流程领域和数字化资源建设与共享与中的作用,指出只有充分利用云技术为图书馆服务才能使图书馆建设取得新的发展。     

A less resource-consumed security architecture on cloud platform

Traditional security framework in cloud platform usually brings self-vulnerability and considerable additional resource consumption. To solve these problems, we propose an external processes monitoring architecture for current popular cloud platform OpenStack with kernel-based virtual machine (KVM). With this architecture, we can monitor all active processes in online virtual machine (VMs) and scan them for their potential maliciousness in OpenStack with no agent, and can also detect hidden processes in offline VMs’ memory snapshots and notice the user to decide whether to kill them when VMs become active. Analysis and experimental results show that our architecture is able to reduce consumption of CPU, memory and bandwidth in cloud platform and can detect viruses and hidden processes effectively in VMs.     

点云数据的三角剖分及计算机三维重建

为了解决直接剖分法因点云数据拓扑结构复杂出现的自交现象,提出了一种基于分治策略的三角剖分方法.首先,对原始点云数据进行平面投影并执行区域分割;其次,在每一个区域内进行直接剖分,剖分过程遵循异侧剖分准则、法向量夹角最大剖分准则、阈值距离剖分准则、最小内角最大剖分准则.最后,按照空间Delaunay剖分准则完成区域之间的连接.实验结果表明,该文提出的剖分方法对于规则曲面点云和非规则曲面点云都具有理想的剖分效果,并且执行速度快.     

非时齐高维扩散过程的耦合

本文在[1 1]的基础上,讨论了非时齐高维扩散过程的耦合。完成了耦合构造,给出了耦合成功的条件。     

FLNG工艺区爆燃冲击强度数值分析及后果评价

CFD数值方法是目前海上浮式设施爆燃冲击研究中得到广泛运用的方法.文中以某FLNG工艺区发生爆燃事件为研究背景,基于通用CFD软件CFX对蒸气云爆炸进行数值分析,提出了基于能量释放方程模拟分析的冲击波安全评价方法,并对能量和能量释放时间两个变量对爆燃冲击强度的敏感性进行研究.该冲击波后果评价方法通过在爆心位置设立以能量大小和能量释放时间为变量的step函数,选定k-ε模型,模拟爆炸冲击获得超压数据,并结合超压伤害准则和TNO爆炸源能量和气云体积的转换关系对冲击波伤害后果进行评价.研究表明:基于CFD的能量释放方程能够很好的模拟爆炸冲击波并获得表征冲击强度的超压数据.方程中变量因素对冲击强度影响显著,特别是爆炸近场区域.提出的安全分析方法可以有效地对爆炸冲击后果进行评价.     

图书馆是大学生思想政治教育的实践基地

对正确认识大学生社会实践活动进行了论述,强调了社会实践是大学生政治思想教育的重要环节,探讨了社会实践和图书馆的教育功能二者之间的内在联系,论证了图书馆是大学生思想政治教育的最佳社会实践基地。     

考虑价格因素的 并行模糊多准则时 变权重云服务决策

网络中云服务存储量的几何式快速增长使得云服务决策越加困难,为满足用户特殊需要并提供充足的决策依据,提出并行TOPSIS时变权重模糊云服务多准则决策算法.在并行TOPSIS改进中采用熵权重赋值形式赋予云服务相应的准则权重,使得权重的选择变得简单易行,并由此发展出时变权重提出改进TOPSIS评估机制,使用时变权重能够更好的对不同时间段的云服务质量（QoS）信息进行重要性区分,使得决策机制更加合理可信.然后基于分时模糊TOPSIS多准则决策机制,设计云服务选择的并行化融合决策框架,使得算法更趋近于工程应用.仿真结果显示,所提云服务决策算法可更有效的对QoS信息影响进行抑制,从而有效提高云服务调用的成功率.     

Cloud Service Security Adaptive Target Detection Algorithm Based on Bio-Inspired Performance Evaluation Process Algebra

Combining the principle of antibody concentration with the idea of biological evolution, this paper proposes an adaptive target detection algorithm for cloud service security based on Bio-Inspired Performance Evaluation Process Algebra(Bio-PEPA). The formal modelling of cloud services is formally modded by Bio-PEPA and the modules are transformed between cloud service internal structures and various components. Then, the security adaptive target detection algorithm of cloud service is divided into two processes, the short-term optimal action selection process which selects the current optimal detective action through the iterative operation of the expected function and the adaptive function, and the long-term detective strategy realized through the updates and eliminations of action planning table. The combination of the two processes reflects the self-adaptability of cloud service system to target detection. The simulating test detects three different kinds of security risks and then analyzes the relationship between the numbers of components with time in the service process. The performance of this method is compared with random detection method and three anomaly detection methods by the cloud service detection experiment. The detection time of this method is 50.1% of three kinds of detection methods and 86.3% of the random detection method. The service success rate is about 15% higher than that of random detection methods. The experimental results show that the algorithm has good time performance and high detection hit rate.     

The 'zero charge' partitioning behaviour of noble gases during mantle melting

Noble-gas geochemistry is an important tool for understanding planetary processes from accretion to mantle dynamics and atmospheric formation. Central to much of the modelling of such processes is the crystal-melt partitioning of noble gases during mantle melting, magma ascent and near-surface degassing. Geochemists have traditionally considered the 'inert' noble gases to be extremely incompatible elements, with almost 100 per cent extraction efficiency from the solid phase during melting processes. Previously published experimental data on partitioning between crystalline silicates and melts has, however, suggested that noble gases approach compatible behaviour, and a significant proportion should therefore remain in the mantle during melt extraction. Here we present experimental data to show that noble gases are more incompatible than previously demonstrated, but not necessarily to the extent assumed or required by geochemical models. Independent atomistic computer simulations indicate that noble gases can be considered as species of 'zero charge' incorporated at crystal lattice sites. Together with the lattice strain model, this provides a theoretical framework with which to model noble-gas geochemistry as a function of residual mantle mineralogy.     

论近代以来国家与农民关系的演变

1840年以来,随着中国国家性质的剧烈变化,国家与农民的关系以及中间环节(乡村基层组织)也发生了根本性变化,乡村出现了衰败动荡的局面。后北洋政府、国民党政府,都没有解决乡村治理和经济衰败问题,这为中国共产党发动农民革命提供了成功的条件。1949年中华人民共和国成立以后,中国共产党通过彻底的土地改革,实现了将现代政府权力下延到乡村、直接面对农民的乡村治理结构。"人民公社"虽能有效控制农民,但不能激励农民的生产积极性,导致了在后来的改革中放弃"政社合一"的人民公社制度。2004年以来,中国进入了工业"反哺"农业、城市支持乡村的新的历史时期,国家与农民关系由以"取"为主向以"予"为主转变,中国农村的基层治理目标和职能也发生了根本性变化。这种历史性的变化,要求我们在农村基层治理结构和政策方面做出相应调整,以保证国家"反哺"资金发挥出应有的效益,这也是今天建设社会主义新农村面临的最重要的问题之一。     

监控与预测的云资源优化配置

针对云环境下虚拟机资源在多数时间中处于闲置状态导致云资源利用率低的问题,设计一种云资源监控系统,并在云监控基础上提出一种基于自回归积分滑动平均(ARIMA)模型的动态负载预测与资源配置的方法.该方法利用虚拟机负载与配置的关系,通过预测负载情况,提前启动或者挂起虚拟机,提高云资源的利用率.研究结合OpenStack云环境提供的虚拟机,实现其下的云资源监控,预测和弹性分配功能.结果表明:该系统能准确预测虚拟机的需求量,所制定的资源弹性分配策略能够提高云资源的利用率,进一步节约成本.     

基于改进随机抽样一致的点云分割算法

随着三维点云数据模型在三维建模、测绘、智能城市以及机器视觉等领域的应用,点云数据处理也成为一个研究热点。点云分割就是将三维空间中点云通过一系列算法,将散乱的点云数据划分成更为连贯的子集的过程,可以为后续的数据分析提供数据基础。针对随机抽样一致算法(random sample consensus, RANSAC)对杂乱、无规则点云数据分割效果不佳的问题,提出一种改进的RANSAC点云分割算法。该算法通过构建Kd(K-dimensional)树,利用半径空间密度重新定义初始点的选取方式,进行多次迭代来剔除无特征点,在实现点云分割的同时可以有效去除噪声点;此外,该算法重新设定判断准则,优化面片合并,可以实现点云的精确分割。实验通过对散乱点云数据进行分割,结果表明该改进RANSAC算法的点云特征提取数据量较大,面片分割的准确性较高,是一种有效的点云分割算法。