基于Mapreduce的Apriori改进算法

由于传统的Apriori算法是串行的并且效率较低,分析了Apriori算法的计算过程,针对其原理设计了一种基于Mapreduce的并行Apriori改进算法.实验结果证明,改进的算法能较好地提高关联规则挖掘的效率,具有接近线性的加速比和良好的应用价值.     

基于改进Apriori算法的配电网设备退役信息挖掘

影响配电网设备提前退役的因素复杂多样,而且多种因素之间互相作用。为了筛选出影响设备提前退役的主要因素候选集,可以利用数据挖掘算法得到其中关联规则。其中,Apriori算法是最经典的挖掘关联规则的算法。但是传统的Apriori算法时间复杂度过大,计算效率不高。针对这一现状,提出一种基于三维矩阵的Apriori优化算法,通过建立三维矩阵以及简约数据库的方式,减少了传统算法中的计算冗余,挖掘出影响配电网设备提前退役的因素频繁项集。结果表明:改进算法能够得到配电网设备退役因素的关联规则并明显提高计算效率。     

基于Spark的Apriori并行算法优化实现

针对传统Apriori算法处理速度和计算资源的瓶颈,以及Hadoop平台上Map-Reduce计算框架不能处理节点失效、不能友好支持迭代计算以及不能基于内存计算等问题,提出了Spark下并行关联规则优化算法.该算法只需两次扫描事务数据库,并充分利用Spark内存计算的RDD存储项集.与传统Apriori算法相比,该算法扫描事务数据库的次数大大降低;与Hadoop下Apriori算法相比,该算法不仅简化计算,支持迭代,而且通过在内存中缓存中间结果减少I/O花销.实验结果表明,该算法可以提高关联规则算法在大数据规模下的挖掘效率.     

基于MapReduce的Apriori前后项约束关联规则改进算法

针对经典的Apriori算法依赖内存,只适用于小规模数据集,在面对海量数据集时显得无能为力以及该算法没有考虑用户的需求情况等问题,提出了基于MapReduce的Apriori前后项约束关联规则改进算法。该方法首先对经典Apriori算法挖掘过程进行了改进,加入了用户的前后项约束规则,使得在挖掘过程中剪枝的程度更大并且获取到更加精准的规则。然后利用云计算的MapReduce编程技术,对改进的Apriori算法的各个步骤并行化。实验结果表明,改进的算法在处理不同的数据集时有一定的优势,然后经过MapReduce模型并行化后,提高了对海量数据的处理能力和效率,并且具有良好的扩展性。     

关联规则挖掘的Apriori算法综述

关联规则挖掘是数据挖掘研究领域中的一个重要任务,旨在挖掘事务数据库中有意义的关联。随着大量数据不停的收集和存储,从数据库中挖掘关联规则显得越来越有必要性,关联规则挖掘的Apriori算法是数据库挖掘的最经典算法并得到广泛应用,在介绍关联规则挖掘和Apriori算法的基础上,发现Apriori算法存在着产生候选项目集效率低和频繁扫描数据等缺点。综述了Apriori算法的主要优化方法,并指出了Apriori算法在实际中的应用领域,提出了未来Apriori算法的研究方向和应用发展趋势。     

基于向量矩阵的Apriori改进算法研究

针对传统的关联分析算法Apriori执行效率低、I/O过重、计算量过大等问题,提出了一种通过减少扫描数据库次数来降低候选项集计算复杂度, 在频繁项集求解过程中通过将事务项集转换为行向量,利用“与”操作来提高算法执行效率的Apriori改进算法。利用学生在校行为数据集对Apriori改进算法进行有效性和高效性验证。同时,为了符合算法对样本数据的要求,在样本数据处理过程中对原始数据进行了清洗和离散化处理,定义了分析对象的样本数据离散化处理的规则。通过实验分析比较了Apriori改进算法与经典Apriori算法的性能。结果表明,Apriori改进算法保持了对实际分析对象关联规则挖掘的有效性,同时具有更高的执行效率。     

基于矩阵的频繁项集发现算法

Apriori算法是关联规则的经典算法.在分析经典Apriori算法的基础上,提出了一种有效的基于矩阵的Apriori的改进算法.该算法应用了矩阵的思想,只需对数据库扫描一次,即可得到频繁项集,大大提高了算法的效率.     

数据挖掘中的剔除非频繁项超集法

在关联规则数据挖掘中，根据非频繁项的超集仍是非频繁项的结论，总结出一种高效的关联规则算法：剔除非频繁项超集法，并与经典的Apriori算法作比较，其效率比Apriori算法高。     

基于Apriori算法的多维关联规则挖掘研究

关联规则是数据挖掘中的一个重要研究方向.经典的Apriori算法是一种最有影响的挖掘布尔型关联规则频繁项集的算法,但其并不适合挖掘近年来兴起的多维数据模型.在改进Apriori算法的基础上,提出了一种"二次剪枝"的算法,此算法适用于挖掘多维关联规则,并且在一定程度上提高了算法效率.     

数据挖掘中频繁项集挖掘算法的改进

Apriori算法是关联规则挖掘中的经典算法,一直是数据挖掘领域的研究热点。传统的Apriori算法由于产生过多的无用的候选项集以及需要多次扫描数据库导致在一定程度上限制了算法的效率。本文针对这一问题,提出一种新的RF－Apriori算法。该算法首先对数据进行二元处理;然后利用项集的反单调性减少候选项集的产生,从而提高算法效率。实验结果表明,RF －Apriori算法效率明显优于Apriori算法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.