The function of intimal longitudinal smooth muscles of the human coronary artery

Bundles of smooth muscles in the intimal layer of the human coronary artery contracted in a longitudinal direction on the application of vasoactive substances. The data indicate that the human coronary artery contracts not only transversely but also longitudinally.     

Differential sensitivity to photohemolysis of erythrocytes enriched with some liposome-carried substances

The sensitivity of human erythrocytes to photohemolysis sensitized by addition of protoporphyrin IX can be selectively affected by their enrichment with substances carried by cationic liposomes. In particular the enrichment which superoxide dismutase is accompanied by a copper-related greater sensitivity toward photohemolysis, as observed in the Down's syndrome (mongolism). Instead it is possible to protect the erythrocytes against the phototoxic effect of protoporphyrin by enrichment with small amounts of beta-carotene.     

Differential sensitivity to tributyltin of cytochrome-containing and cytochrome-deficient cells ofEscherichia coli SASX76

Summary The effect of tributyltin (TBT) chloride on the growth of cytochrome-deficient and cytochrome-containing cells ofEscherichia coli SASX76 was examined. The former cells were found to be at least 20 times more sensitive to TBT. It is proposed that the differential sensitivity of these two cell types to the biocide, TBT, may be due to a different mode of energy generation by cytochrome-deficient and cytochrome-sufficient cells. In addition to the energy state, the pH change caused by the presence and absence of cytochromes which occurred during growth also resulted in a differential sensitivity of these cells.Acknowledgments. This research was financially supported by a grant from the University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India, to APS. The authors thank the Head, Department of Botany, B.H.U. for facilities.     

Differential sensitivity to tributyltin of cytochrome-containing and cytochrome-deficient cells of Escherichia coli SASX76

The effect of tributyltin (TBT) chloride on the growth of cytochrome-deficient and cytochrome-containing cells of Escherichia coli SASX76 was examined. The former cells were found to be at least 20 times more sensitive to TBT. It is proposed that the differential sensitivity of these two cell types to the biocide, TBT, may be due to a different mode of energy generation by cytochrome-deficient and cytochrome-sufficient cells. In addition to the energy state, the pH change caused by the presence and absence of cytochromes which occurred during growth also resulted in a differential sensitivity of these cells.     

Differential sensitivity of amphibian nodal and paranodal K+ channels to 4-aminopyridine and TEA

Voltage-dependent K+ channels are blocked by several drugs, including 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and tetraethylammonium (TEA). 4-AP is most widely used to localize K+ channels in mammalian and non-mammalian nerve fibers, but 4-AP and TEA alter various K+ channels and/or preparations in specific ways. The reason is not known, in part because dissociation constants for 4-AP and TEA have not been measured for nodal and internodal K+ channels in the same fibers. Smith and Schauf showed that the density of nodal versus paranodal K+ channels in frog nerves depends on fiber diameter. The size dependence was used to determine the relative sensitivity of nodal and internodal K+ channels to 4-AP and TEA, and to compare voltage- and time-dependent activation. The results show nodal and internodal K+ channels activate similarly. However, internodal channels are selectivity blocked by 4-AP while TEA is more effective on nodal channels. A high sensitivity of internodal K+ channels may explain why 4-AP improves symptoms in diseases such as multiple sclerosis.     

Differential sensitivity of amphibian nodal and paranodal K+ channels to 4-aminopyridine and TEA

Summary Voltage-dependent K⁺ channels are blocked by several drugs, including 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and tetraethylammonium (TEA). 4-AP is most widely used to localize K⁺ channels in mammalian and non-mammalian nerve fibers, but 4-AP and TEA alter various K⁺ channels and/or preparations in specific ways. The reason is not known, in part because dissociation constants for 4-AP and TEA have not been measured for nodal and internodal K⁺ channels in the same fibers. Smith and Schauf showed that the density of nodal versus paranodal K⁺ channels in frog nerves depends on fiber diameter. This size dependence was used to determine the relative sensitivity of nodal and internodal K⁺ channels to 4-AP and TEA, and to compare voltage- and time-dependent activation. The results show nodal and internodal K⁺ channels activate similarly. However, internodal channels are selectivity blocked by 4-AP while TEA is more effective on nodal channels. A high sensitivity of internodal K⁺ channels may explain why 4-AP improves symptoms in diseases such as multiple sclerosis.     

Effect of potassium and norepinephrine on the tone of the isolated artery: Changes by ouabain pretreatment

Zusammenfassung Vorbehandlung von Arterienstreifen mit g-Strophantin (>10^–8 g/ml) kehrt die mechanische Reaktion auf K⁺-Änderungen im Bereich von 1 bis 10 mM KCl, nicht aber die K⁺-Wirkung auf die Kontraktion durch Noradrenalin oder Barium um. Danach könnte die K⁺-Dilatation der Arterien auf der Aktivierung einer elektrogenen Na⁺-Pumpe beruhen.

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The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance by Mrs.B. Heinemann.     

Separation of two strains of rats with inbred dissimilar sensitivity to doca-salt hypertension

Résumé La réponse au régime Doca-sel (D. S.) a été utilisée comme critère de sélection pour séparer, par croisement consanguin, deux colonies de rats manifestant une susceptibilité bien différente à l'hypertension artérielle. Les résultats obtenus dans la 6ème génération de nos colonies normotensive et hypertensive font l'objet de ce raport. Le rôle des facteurs héréditaires dans la susceptibilité ou la résistance à l'hypertension du type D. S. est démontrée.     

Differential expression of isozymes in relation to organogenesis in two closely related species

Summary Two closely related species of Gentianaceae were established in tissue culture and transferred to a regeneration medium containing 2,4-D. Even though the age of cultures and all the environmental conditions were identical, only one of them expressed a clear morphogenic potential, and the differences are expressive in the isozyme banding patterns observed for creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase and indoleacetaldehyde dehydrogenase. No differences in alkaline phosphatase isozymes were detected.This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (No. DCB 8 611 889) USA with a grant to the senior author.     

Differential response of myosin — ATPase activity and contraction properties of fast and slow rabbit muscles following denervation

Zusammenfassung Nachweis unterschiedlicher Kontraktionsgeschwindigkeiten bei schnellen und langsamen Kaninchenmuskeln sowie entsprechende Unterschiede in der Myosin-ATPase-Aktivität und im Spektrum niedermolekularer Proteine nach Denervation werden gezeigt.

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We are indepted to MissA. Krejová and Mrs.A. Herbrychová for their valuable and skillfull technical assistance.     

Differential sensitivity to ethidium bromide of replicative DNA synthesis and bleomycin-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in permeable mouse sarcoma cells

Replicative DNA synthesis in permeable mouse sarcoma cells was more sensitive to ethidium bromide (EtBr) than bleomycin-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS). A similar difference in sensitivity to EtBr was observed between DNA polymerases alpha and beta. The difference in sensitivity to EtBr of replicative DNA synthesis and UDS in the present system seems to reflect mainly the sensitivity difference between DNA polymerases alpha and beta.     

Differential sensitivity to ethidium bromide of replicative DNA synthesis and bleomycin-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in permeable mouse sarcoma cells1

Summary Replicative DNA synthesis in permeable mouse sarcoma cells was more sensitive to ethidium bromide (EtBr) than bleomycin-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS). A similar difference in sensitivity to EtBr was observed between DNA polymerases and . The difference in sensitivity to EtBr of replicative DNA synthesis and UDS in the present system seems to reflect mainly the sensitivity difference between DNA polymerases and .Acknowledgments. The authors wish to thank Nippon Kayaku Co. (Tokyo, Japan) for providing copper-free bleomycin A₂. This research was supported in part by a grant from the Japan Ministry of Education, Science and Culture.     

Nitroglycerin inhibits the phosphorylation of intermediate filament proteins rather than myosin light chain on porcine coronary artery sustained contraction

The smooth muscle relaxation induced by nitroglycerin is hypothesized to be mediated by an increase in the cytoplasmic concentration of guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cGMP) and subsequent dephosphorylation of the 20-kilodalton myosin light chain (MLC). We investigated this hypothesis in procine coronary arterial smooth muscle stimulated with histamine (3 μM) or K⁺ (30 mM). Stimulation of [³²P]Pi-labeled muscle with histamine or K⁺ for 2 min resulted in a four- or 6.2-fold increase, respectively, in the incorporation of³²P into MLC. After 48 min of exposure to histamine. MLC phosphorylation decreased to the basal level and the phosphorylation of desmin, synemin, and of three unidentified cytosolic proteins was increased. K⁺ stimulation resulted in a sustained increase of MLC phosphorylation but had no effect on the phosphorylation of desmin, synemin, or the three unidentified cytosolic proteins. Application of nitroglycerin (1 μM) 48 min after histamine stimulation inhibited the phosphorylation of desmin, synemin, and the three cytosolic proteins. The sustained phase of histamine-induced contraction was also inhibited to a greater extent then the acute phase of histamine-induced contraction and both the acute and sustained phases of K⁺-induced contraction. These results suggest that MLC phosphorylation is required for both phases of K⁺-induced contraction, whereas phosphorylation of intermediate filament proteins is required for the sustained phase of histamine-induced contraction. Intermediate filament proteins, rather than MLC, may also be the target for the relaxant action of nitroglycerin during histamine-induced sustained contraction.     

On the percutaneous absorption of tribenoside applied topically to the mouse ear

Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe von radioaktiv markierten Präparaten (6-Benzyl-C¹⁴ bzw. 6-Furanose-H³) wird gezeigt, dass auf die Haut appliziertes Äthyl-3,5,6-tri-O-benzylglucofuranosid (Glyvenol^®) bei der Maus gut resorbiert wird.