Synthesis of CaCO3 crystals using hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose hydrogel as template

Calcium carbonate crystallization was performed in hydrogel of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC). Results showed that the polyhydroxy functionalities in HPMC gel network facilitated the nucleation of aragonite which was not found in experiment without HPMC hydrogel and in experiment using methylcellulose (MC) hydrogel as template. On the other hand, due to the unique assembly of the macromolecules in HPMC hydrogel network, which was different from other hydrogels used in some previous reports, particular crystal morphology, corncob-like CaCO_3, was obtained for the first time.     

Preparation and characterization of a chitosan-based low-pH-sensitive intelligent corrosion inhibitor

A chitosan (CS)-based low-pH-sensitive intelligent corrosion inhibitor was prepared by loading a pH-sensitive hydrogel with benzotriazole (BTA); the pH-sensitive hydrogel was synthetized by crosslinking CS with glutaraldehyde (GTA). Analysis by Fourier- transform infrared (FT–IR) spectroscopy showed that Schiff reactions occurred between amino and aldehyde groups. The swelling ability of the hydrogel was investigated using a mass method, and it was observed to swell more in an acidic environment than in an alkaline environment. The hydrogel’s loading capacity of BTA was approximately 0.377 g·g-1, and its release speed was faster in an acidic environment than in an alkaline environment because of its swelling behavior. The corrosion inhibition ability of the intelligent inhibitor was tested by immersion and electrochemical methods. The results showed that after 4 h of immersion, the polarization resistance (R4) value of copper with the intelligent inhibitor was approximately twice of that of copper with BTA, indicating that the intelligent inhibitor could effectively prevent copper from corroding.     

Swelling Behaviors of Polyaniline-Poly（Acrylic Acid） Hydrogels

Using poly（acrylic acid） （PAA） aqueous solution, NaOH aqueous solution, aniline （An） and ammonium persulfate （APS）, PAn-PAA hydrogels with a semi-interpenetrating structure connected by physical interlocks, chemical ion bonds and hydrogen bonds were prepared. The swelling properties of the hydrogels in solutions of different pH values （adjusted by adding NaOH or HCI） were studied. All the hydrogels prepared have similar swelling curves （the curves of equilibrium swelling ratio vs. pH value） and reach their maximum swelling at pH of 8 - 10. The maximum swelling ratio of the hydrogels is dependent on composition, including molecular weight of PAA, polymer content of the hydrogel, and molar ratios of AA to An, APS to An, and NaOH to AA, And the compositional dependence of the swelling capacity of PAn-PAA hydrogels was also studied.     

Molecular imprinted polymer with positively charged assistant recognition polymer chains for adsorption/enrichment of low content target protein

Here, we introduce a new type of molecular imprinted polymer （MIP） with immobilized assistant recognition polymer chains （ARPCs） to create effective recognition sites and with bacterial cloned protein as template for adsorbing the low content target protein from cell extract. In this work, cloned pig cyclophilin 18 （pCyP18）, a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans-isomerase, was used as template. The template protein was selectively assembled with ARPCs from their library, which consists of numerous limited length polymer chains with randomly distributed recognition sites of positively charged amino groups and immobilizing sites. These assemblies were adsorbed by porous microsphers and immobilized on them. After removing the template, binding sites complementary to the target protein in size, shape and the position of recognition groups were exposed, and their confirmation was preserved by the cross-linked structure. The synthesized MIP was used to adsorb the cellular pCyP18, and its proportional content was enriched more than hundred times. The extended experiment on imprinting bovine serum albumin （BSA） with ARPCs shows that this method is also suitable for large protein.     

Silica photonic crystals with quasi-full band gap in the visible region prepared in ethanol

Monodisperse silica spheres of 252 nm with a standard deviation of 5.7% are prepared by Stber method. By compari-son of both of media, ethanol instead of water is used to assemble opal, and the artiflcial opal has been prepared by the sedimentation inethanol of silica spheres. The structure of the opal prepared has been examined and discussed. The results show that the artificial opal hasa structure similar to the face-centered cubic (fcc) type packed system with silica spheres. Transmission measurements of the artificial opalhave been conducted, which shows that the artificial opal is quasi-full band gap silica photonic crystals in the visible region.     

Digital speckle pattern interferometric measurement of diffusion coefficients in hydrogels

The technique of real-time digital speckle pattem interferometry is proposed to study diffusion of surfactants in hydrogel.The diffusion coefficient is simply and directly determined from the interferograms.An example of diffusion coefficient measurement of surfactant in agarose gel demonstrates the usefulness of the method.The results obtained are compared with the theoretical simulation values.     

Enhanced Removal of Tetracycline from Aqueous Solution by Graphene Oxide Hydrogel Doped with TiO_2 Nanotubes

The detection on tetracycline( TC) in drinking water poses an environmental issue since TC has been widely used to prevent animal disease and promote their growth. In addition,TC was difficult to remove or biodegrade,which posed a challenge to the conventional techniques. In this work,the batch experiments on TC adsorption in aqueous solution of hydrogel( HG) consisting of graphene oxide( GO) and TiO_2 nanotubes( TN) were successfully conducted. HG composite( HG-TN-GO) was prepared with TN and GO with self-assembly method during the oxidation-reduction reaction,and criogel( CG) with TN and GO was characterized by pH at point of zero charge( pH_(pzc)), transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy( XPS). The adsorption capacity of HG-TN-GO on TC was evaluated by analyzing its isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity reached 751. 3 mg/g. Besides,the adsorption isotherms were well fitted by the Langmuir model, with the theoretical maximum( q_m) of 797. 0 mg/g. The adsorption process was systematically studied by varying pH during the whole adsorption process. The adsorption occurred probably via π-π interaction and cation-π bonding between TC and the HG-TN-GO surface. The composite could be regenerated in 50% ethanol aqueous solution,without significant capacity loss. After 6 recycles,the decrease of adsorption capacity was less than 10%.     

Selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen over orderly mesoporous CuFe2O4 with high specific surface area

Orderly mesoporous CuFe2O4 spinel-type mixed oxide with high specific surface area was prepared successfully by a hard-template method in which KIT-6 mesoporous silica was selected as the hard template. The KIT-6 hard template and CuFe2O4 samples were charac- terized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spec- troscopy, X-ray fluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen physisorption, and hydrogen-temperature programmed reduction. The KIT-6 hard template had perfect crystalli- zation and ordered mesoporous structure with a probable pore distribution of about 9.1 nm, large enough to be filled by the spinel precursor. The mesoporous CuFe2O4 spinel oxide synthesized inside the KIT-6 mesopores had a rela- tively small pore size （4.3 nm）, orderly arrangement, and high specific area （194 m2/g）. The catalytic activity of the mesoporous CuFe2O4 was tested for the selective oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen. The conversion of ammonia reached nearly 100 % at 300 ℃with a nitrogen selectivity as high as 96 %. The nitrogen selectivity remained high with increasing temperature and even maintained a value of 80 % at 600 ℃.     

Influence of deposition time on the morphology and optical properties of SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-ZnO composite photonic crystals

SiO2 photonic crystal were successfully prepared by vertical deposition and then used as a template to fabricate SiO2-ZnO composite photonic crystals on ITO substrates by electrodeposition and subsequent calcination. A number of different deposition times were used. The morphologies of the silica opals and SiO2-ZnO composite photonic crystals were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that ZnO particles grew randomly on the surfaces of the silica spheres when the deposition time was short. As the deposition time was increased, the ZnO particles grew evenly on the surfaces of the silica spheres so that the interstitial space of the silica template was filled with ZnO particles. Reflectance spectra of the SiO2-ZnO composite crystals revealed that all of the fabricated photonic crystals exhibit a photonic band gap in the normal direction.     

In situ Crosslinked Hydrogel as Drug Carrier for Promoting Angiogenesis

Hydrogels composed of natural polysaccharides hold great potential as a release system for delivery of small molecule drugs.In this study,the functional drug sphingosine 1-phosphate(S1P)was loaded in the hydrogel which was derived from aldehyde hyaluronic acid(AHA)and carboxymethyl chitosan(CC)through Schiff’s base reaction for promoting angiogenesis.The scanning electron microscopy(SEM)images demonstrated the suitable threedimension network structure of hydrogel.The rheological properties and compressive stress-strain behavior of hydrogel were also examined,and the results indicated that the hydrogel possessed good mechanical properties.In vitro drug release behaviors showed that drug released from the hydrogel in a sustained manner and could achieve prolonged release time compared to the pure drug.The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetraoliumbromide(MTT)assay showed the good cytocompatibility of the resulting hydrogel.More importantly,the chicken chorioallantoic membrane(CAM)assay confirmed that the S1P loaded hydrogel could significantly promote angiogenesis in the CAM model.As a result,our results strongly suggested that the as-prepared hydrogel would be a good candidate for delivery of functional drugs.     

海藻酸-羧甲基壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇水凝胶的制备及对蛋白药物释放的探讨简

以牛血清白蛋白（BSA）为模型药物,制备了海藻酸-羧甲基壳聚糖（CMCS）/聚乙烯醇（PVA）复合水凝胶,考察了海藻酸水凝胶微球的粒径和微球在水凝胶基质中的分散性,分析了复合水凝胶基质的结构、溶解分数以及水凝胶在不同pH值下的溶胀率和药物释放。结果表明,药物的累积释放率（犆R）随pH值的升高而升高,当pH值为1．2时CR 为32％,当pH值为6．8时犆R 为53％,当pH值为8．0时CR 达到70％,表明该复合水凝胶的释药性能受pH值的影响较大。     

光响应调控的SiO_2反蛋白石光子晶体

利用牺牲模板法制备了SiO2反蛋白石型光子晶体,用扫描电子显微镜对其表面形貌及其厚度进行了表征;并在其孔隙中填充了具有光响应的有机染料分子螺吡喃衍生物,通过紫外-可见反射光谱监测了光诱导下染料分子构型转变过程中光子晶体光子禁带的变化。结果表明在不同波长的光照下,最大反射波长处的反射率可以进行可逆地控制,并实现了光诱导下对染料分子荧光的调控。     

HPMC凝胶模板诱导羟基磷灰石的合成

以羟丙基甲基纤维素（hydroxypmpylmethyl cellulose,HPMC）水凝胶作为模板合成了羟基磷灰石．利用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）等检测手段对所得的产物进行了形貌与结构表征．结果表明：HPMC水凝胶模板可以诱导羟基磷灰石的形成;模板分子上的多羟基与磷灰石晶体有一定的相互作用,模板的疏水微区和凝胶网络结构为磷灰石的形成提供了微环境,也决定着磷灰石晶体的微观形貌．     

电沉积法制备Cu_2O与ZnO反蛋白石的复合材料

通过两步电沉积法,利用聚苯乙烯(PS)微球作为模板制备Cu2O与ZnO反蛋白石的复合材料.在UV-vis谱中观察到了明显的光子禁带,而且复合材料的光子禁带随ZnO反蛋白石禁带的改变而改变.此外还研究了温度和pH值对制备Cu2O与ZnO反蛋白石的复合材料的影响.     

基于微凝胶模板法制备新型P(AM-co-MAA)/Cu_2O复合微球的研究

采用反相乳液聚合法合成的P(AM-co-MAA)高分子微球为模板,经Cu(Ac)2溶液溶胀后,以抗坏血酸为还原剂,通过两相界面反应,制得新型P(AM-co-MAA)/Cu2O有机-无机复合微球材料.考察了抗坏血酸用量、Cu(Ac)2浓度、反应温度、NaOH用量等因素对复合微球形貌和组成的影响.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外分析仪(FT-IR)、热重分析仪(TG)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)对复合微球的表面形貌和组成进行了表征.实验表明,高分子的模板作用使得复合微球整体上呈现球状结构,微球大小主要决定于模板的尺寸.由于此复合微球不仅具有微米级材料容易分离的优点,而且同时兼有纳米级颗粒比表面积大的特点,因此,这类材料有望在构筑纳米反应器、负载催化剂以及制备杀菌材料等方面具有广阔的应用前景.     

乙醇脱水对聚丙烯酸水凝胶pH敏感性的影响

以丙烯酸和无水乙醇为原料,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸钾和亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂制备了聚丙烯酸水凝胶,并研究了不同pH值的缓冲溶液对水凝胶溶胀度的影响。结果表明,水凝胶在酸性条件下的溶胀度比在碱性条件下大,pH值为4时的溶胀度最大,可达40倍。乙醇脱水干燥水凝胶的溶胀度和溶胀速率都得到了明显提高,且具有良好的温度敏感性和稳定性。     

Large-scale synthesis of a silicon photonic crystal with a complete three-dimensional bandgap near 1.5 micrometres

Photonic technology, using light instead of electrons as the information carrier, is increasingly replacing electronics in communication and information management systems. Microscopic light manipulation, for this purpose, is achievable through photonic bandgap materials, a special class of photonic crystals in which three-dimensional, periodic dielectric constant variations controllably prohibit electromagnetic propagation throughout a specified frequency band. This can result in the localization of photons, thus providing a mechanism for controlling and inhibiting spontaneous light emission that can be exploited for photonic device fabrication. In fact, carefully engineered line defects could act as waveguides connecting photonic devices in all-optical microchips, and infiltration of the photonic material with suitable liquid crystals might produce photonic bandgap structures (and hence light-flow patterns) fully tunable by an externally applied voltage. However, the realization of this technology requires a strategy for the efficient synthesis of high-quality, large-scale photonic crystals with photonic bandgaps at micrometre and sub-micrometre wavelengths, and with rationally designed line and point defects for optical circuitry. Here we describe single crystals of silicon inverse opal with a complete three-dimensional photonic bandgap centred on 1.46 microm, produced by growing silicon inside the voids of an opal template of dose-packed silica spheres that are connected by small 'necks' formed during sintering, followed by removal of the silica template. The synthesis method is simple and inexpensive, yielding photonic crystals of pure silicon that are easily integrated with existing silicon-based microelectronics.     

壳聚糖/海藻酸钠水凝胶的制备及其在药物控释中的应用

以戊二醛(GA)为交联剂,壳聚糖作为聚阳离子组分,海藻酸钠作为聚阴离子组分,制备了壳聚糖(CS)海藻酸钠(SA)水凝胶。探讨了改变溶液的pH值和交联剂用量等条件对两种水凝胶溶胀性能的影响。交联剂含量、pH对CS-SA水凝胶溶胀率的影响较大,且在酸性条件下的水凝胶的溶胀率远大于碱性条件下的溶胀率,包埋在此水凝胶中的牛血清蛋白(BSA)释放随载药介质的pH值的变化而显著不同,pH值为1.0条件下载药的水凝胶释药率大于pH值为7.4,9.18条件下的释药率。     

PVA/PAA/BC复合水凝胶的制备与性能

利用冰冻–解冻循环法制备聚乙烯醇(PVA)/聚丙烯酸(PAA)/细菌纤维素(BC)复合水凝胶.研究BC与单体丙烯酸(AA)用量对PVA/PAA/BC复合水凝胶的力学性能和溶胀特性的影响,初步探讨PVA/PAA/BC复合水凝胶的pH敏感性.实验结果表明:随着BC添加量的增多,PVA/PAA/BC复合水凝胶的含水率和拉伸强度与PVA/PAA水凝胶相比均有一定程度的提高,SEM表明复合水凝胶的网络交联点增多;加入AA会使复合水凝胶拉伸强度减小,但溶胀性能提高很多.综合考虑,BC添加量为4%,AA添加量为8%时,各项性能均较好.