LaNi4.25Al0.75包覆多孔SiO2的改性及其电化学性能

以正硅酸乙酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备多孔SiO2凝胶,将LaNi4.25Al0.75合金粉与凝胶混合在500℃进行真空烧结。将真空烧结所得样品在吸氢系统中进行吸、放氢性能测试,用恒流电池测试仪研究其电化学性能。研究结果表明:所得样品的抗氧化性能明显比纯LaNi4.25Al0.75合金粉的抗氧化性能强,在常温下吸氢后暴露在空气中没有出现自燃现象;所得样品在吸、放氢测试中表现出良好的稳定性能,当以1C放电到0.9 V时,经30次充、放电循环后,纯LaNi4.25Al0.75合金的初始容量为270 mA.h/g,容量衰减27.8%;包覆多孔SiO2凝胶后其初始放电容量为260 mA.h/g,容量仅衰减7.5%。     

化学镀铜对A2B7型贮氢合金电极电化学性能的影响

以A2B7型贮氢合金La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.44Al0.06为对象,系统研究了合金覆铜后进行不同温度退火处理的电极电化学性能。结果表明,表面包覆Cu及退火处理后的贮氢合金电极的活化性能及循环稳定性有所提高。线性极化扫描和电化学阻抗图谱分析结果表明,包覆Cu及退火处理后提高了合金电极的交换电流密度I0,降低了电化学阻抗,说明包覆处理改善了合金表面的电催化活性,加快了合金表面电荷的迁移速率,从而提高了高倍率放电能力。     

La0.7Mg0.3Ni3.4-x(Al0.3Co0.4)0.2+x(x=0~0.3)合金电极电化学性能研究

在氩气保护下,采用悬浮熔炼法制备La0.7Mg0.3Ni3.4（Al0.3Co0.7）x（x=0,0.2,0.4,0.6）储氢合金,用X射线衍射仪测试相组成,并用MDI Jade 5.0软件分析相组成和晶胞参数,用开口三电极法测试电极电化学性能。结果表明,合金相主要由LaNi5、LaMg2Ni9、La2Ni7和LaNi2.28相组成,随着合金中Al和Co含量的增加,合金放氢平台压下降,最大吸氢量为1.43%（x=0）,合金电极最大放电容量Cmax为381mA.h.g-1（x=0）,合金电极100个充放循环后的容量保持率S100从53.0%（x=0）增加到57.1%（x=0.3）,循环稳定性增强。当x=0.1时,合金电极的电化学动力学性能较好。     

La-Mg-Ni系储氢合金的容量衰减与其组织结构

为了研究AB2型La-Mg-Ni系储氢合金的容量衰减以及循环前后合金的组织结构,采用Sieverts法测试了LaSmMgNi4.1快淬态合金的吸放氢量,用X射线衍射分析（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）分别测试和观察了循环前后合金的相结构、颗粒形貌以及原子排列。结果表明,合金的吸放氢量随着循环次数增加发生衰减,合金的吸放氢衰减速率与循环阶段有关。合金由不同生长方向、不同尺寸的柱状晶组成,成分基本均匀,主要由(LaSm)MgNi4主相和LaNi5相组成,相组成的组织为晶态。经过吸放氢循环后,合金由大量非晶和少量晶态组成。随着循环次数增加,合金颗粒粉化与蓬松严重。     

酸化镀铜复合表面处理对AB_3型贮氢合金电化学性能的影响

研究了酸化镀铜表面复合处理对AB3型贮氢合金La0.88Mg0.12Ni2.95Mn0.10Co0.55Al0.10电化学性能的影响.经酸化镀铜复合表面处理后,AB3型贮氢合金的初始活化性能、倍率放电性能和循环稳定性均得到明显提高,C1xp/Cmxp从61.1%提高到75%左右,在0.2C和5C放电电流密度下合金的HRD分别提高7.0%和12.8%,合金电极在100周时的容量保持率S100从91%升高到93%以上.合金表面镀覆的铜层对合金内部金属元素的保护作用有效地改善了AB3型贮氢合金的电化学性能.酸化镀铜复合表面处理实现了酸处理和表面镀铜在同一处理液中一步完成,是一种简单方便的表面改性处理方法.     

La-Mg-Ni系A287型贮氢合金表面包覆铜及其电化学性能

以A2B7型贮氢合金La1.5Mg0．5Ni7为研究对象,研究未包覆和表面包覆Cu以及对包覆铜的贮氢合金进行再包覆Ni、Co处理的合金电极电化学性能．实验结果表明,表面包覆Cu和Cu-Ni后的贮氢合金电极循环稳定性有所提高,而包覆Cu-Co的合金电极稳定性较差,但电极容量有所提高．线性极化扫描和电化学阻抗图谱分析结果表明,包覆Cu、Cu-Co及Cu-Ni处理改善合金电极的交换电流密度I0,降低电化学阻抗,说明包覆处理改善合金表面的电催化活性,加快合金表面电荷的迁移速率,从而提高高倍率放电能力．     

热处理对贮氢电极合金La0. 7 Mg0. 3 Ni2. 45 Co0. 75 Mn0. 1 Al0. 2的微结构与电化学性能的影响

研究了热处理时间对贮氢电极合金La0. 7 Mg0. 3 Ni2. 45 Co0. 75 Mn0. 1 Al0. 2的微结构与电化学性能的影响。XRD分析结果表明，所有合金均由（La，Mg）Ni3与LaNi5两相构成，热处理并没有使该贮氢合金发生相变。电化学研究结果表明，随着热处理时间的延长，合金电极的最大放电容量与循环稳定性能均得到明显改善，而高倍率放电性能却逐渐恶化。     

储氢合金LaNi(4.2+5x)Mn0.4Al0.4Zrx的微观组织及电化学性能研究

研究了x(Zr)及热处理工艺对LaNi(4.2+5x)Mn0.4Al0.4Zrx储氢合金微观组织与电化学性能的影响.结果表明:添加Zr元素后该储氢合金中均出现Zr(Ni,Al,Mn)5第二相,并且第二相的含量随x的增大而增多.当x=0.4时,经热处理后合金中的第二相沿主相晶界呈网状分布,而且其韧性很好.由于第二相对主相起到了防腐蚀保护作用,并降低了充放电过程中晶格畸变引起的合金粉化的速度,从而使循环稳定性显著提高,但由于第二相不是吸氢相,对电化学容量没有贡献,因此它的出现使合金的放电容量降低.     

La1-xYxNi4.8Mn0.2合金的贮氢性能研究

研究了w(Y)变化对La1-xYxNi4.8M0.2(x=0.2,0.5)贮氢合金的晶胞参数、热力学性能、动力学性能和平台特性,及其抗粉化性能的影响.研究结果表明,随着w(Y)的增加,吸放氢平台压力升高,平台斜率增大,滞后因子略有增加,贮氢容量减少,吸氢动力学性能略有下降,但抗粉化性能却明显提高.研究发现,X射线衍射图谱中(111)主峰半高宽值与合金的滞后因子具有相同的变化趋势.     

镧镍铁铜吸氢合金的制备与性质

本文用共沉淀还原扩散法制备了新的镧系吸氢合金LaNi_4Fe_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)对其进行结构表征,吸氢性能测试和表面研究.结果表明:该合金的晶体结构属六方晶系.空间群P6/mmm,晶体学参数为a=5.043A.C=4.009A;有优良的吸放氢性质,易活化,吸氢容量高(H/La接近6);合金吸放氢导致粉化,活化过程产生许多微观裂隙,有利于吸氢。     

Hydrogen storage and low-temperature electrochemical performances of A2B7 type La-Mg-Ni-Co-Al-Mo alloys

The effect of Mo-addition on hydrogen storage and low-temperature electrochemical performances of La-Mg-Ni-Co-Al alloys is investigated. The alloys were synthetized via vacuum induction melting followed by annealing treatment at 1123 K for 8 h. The major phases in the annealed alloys are consisted of (La, Mg)2Ni7, (La, Mg)5Ni19 and LaNi5 phases. Mo-addition facilitates phase transformation of LaNi5 into (La, Mg)2Ni7 and (La, Mg)5Ni19 phases. Hydrogen absorption/desorption PCI curves indicates that the hydrogen storage capacity of the alloy increases remarkably with the addition of Mo. Furthermore, the La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.05Co0.2Al0.05Mo0.2 alloy shows excellent hydriding/dehydriding kinetics with a higher capacity, requiring only 100 s to reach its saturated hydrogen capacity of 1.58 wt% at low temperature of 303 K, and releasing 1.57 wt% hydrogen within 400 s at 338 K. Electrochemical experiments manifest that the Mo-added alloy electrode has perfect activation properties and the maximum discharge capacity. The low-temperature dischargeability shows that the La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.05Co0.2Al0.05Mo0.2 alloy exhibits the excellent low-temperature discharge performance, and the maximum discharge capacity is improved from 231.0 to 334.6 mAh/g at 253 K. The HRD property of the alloy electrode is enhanced, suggesting that Mo enhances the kinetic ability at low-temperature.     

Hydrogen storage performance of LaNi3.95Al0.75Co0.3 alloy with different preparation methods

Rare-earth AB₅-type La–Ni–Al hydrogen storage alloys are widely studied due to their extensive application potentials in hydrogen isotope storage, hydrogen isotope isolation and hydrogen compressors, etc. Good hydriding/dehydriding kinetics, easily activation, high reversibility are important factors for their practical application. However, their overall hydrogen storage performance, especially plateau pressure and hydrogen absorption/desorption durability need to be further optimized. In this study, the microstructures and the hydrogen storage properties of as-cast, annealed, and melt-spun LaNi_3.95Al_0.75Co_0.3 alloys were investigated. The experimental results of XRD and SEM showed that all alloys contained a pure CaCu₅ type hexagonal structure LaNi₄Al phase. The cell volume increased in an order of annealed ?> ?melt-spun ?> ?as-cast, resulting in a lower hydrogen absorption/desorption plateau pressure and a more stable hydride phase. The hydrogen storage capacity of three alloys was almost the same. The slope factor of the annealed and melt-spun alloys is smaller than the as-cast alloy, indicating that heat-treatment process can make the alloys more uniform. For the cycle stability of the alloys, the hydrogen absorption rate of the annealed alloy and melt-spun alloy was much faster than that of the as-cast alloy after 500 cycles. The melt-spun alloy showed high pulverization resistance during hydrogen absorption/desorption, and exhibited an excellent cycling retention of 99% after 500 cycles, suggesting that melt-spinning process can enhance the cycle stability and improve the cycle life of the alloy.     

热处理对贮氢电极合金La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.45Co0.75Mn0.1Al0.2的微结构与电化学性能的影响

研究了热处理时间对贮氢电极合金La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.45Co0.75Mn0.1Al0.2的微结构与电化学性能的影响。XRD分析结果表明,所有合金均由(La,Mg)Ni3与LaNi5两相构成,热处理并没有使该贮氢合金发生相变。电化学研究结果表明,随着热处理时间的延长,合金电极的最大放电容量与循环稳定性能均得到明显改善,而高倍率放电性能却逐渐恶化。     

Effect of stoichiometry and Cu-substitution on the phase structure and hydrogen storage properties of Ml-Mg-Ni-based alloys

To improve the electrochemical properties of rare-earth-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys, the effects of stoichiometry and Cu-substitution on the phase structure and thermodynamic properties of the alloys were studied. Nonsubstituted Ml_0.80Mg_0.20(Ni_2.90Co_0.50-Mn_0.30Al_0.30)_x (x=0.68, 0.70, 0.72, 0.74, 0.76) alloys and Cu-substituted Ml_0.80Mg_0.20(Ni_2.90Co_0.50-y Cu_y Mn_0.30Al_0.30)_0.70 (y=0, 0.10, 0.30, 0.50) alloys were prepared by induction melting. Phase structure analysis shows that the nonsubstituted alloys consist of a LaNi₅ phase, a LaNi₃ phase, and a minor La₂Ni₇ phase; in addition, in the case of Cu-substitution, the Nd₂Ni₇ phase appears and the LaNi₃ phase vanishes. Thermodynamic tests show that the enthalpy change in the dehydriding process decreases, indicating that hydride stability decreases with increasing stoichiometry and increasing Cu content. The maximum discharge capacity, kinetic properties, and cycling stability of the alloy electrodes all increase and then decrease with increasing stoichiometry or increasing Cu content. Furthermore, Cu substitution for Co ameliorates the discharge capacity, kinetics, and cycling stability of the alloy electrodes.     

LaNi_（5－x）Al_x贮氢合金的研究

用Ａｌ置换ＬａＮｉ５贮氢合金中部分Ｎｉ，得到一系列ＬａＮｉ（５－ｘ）Ａｌｘ（ｘ＝０．１，０．３，０．５）贮氢合金．通过对合金的热力学性能的测试可知：随着Ａｌ的加入及其含量的增加，贮氢合金的平台氢压降低，吸氢量有所减少，而吸氢速度有所增加．通过对合金及吸氢后氢化物品体结构的Ｘ射线衍射分析，发现Ａｌ的加入并未使晶体结构类型发生变化，只是晶格常数略有增加；同时还证明了ＬａＮｉ（５－ｘ）Ａｌｘ合金吸氢后其晶体结构也未发生变化，但晶格常数增加较大．     

快淬AB5型稀土储氢合金的微结构与电化学性能

采用磁悬浮感应熔炼法和快淬法制备了Mm0.3Ml0.7Ni3.55Co0.75Mn0.4Al0.3稀土储氢合金,系统研究了快淬速度对合金微结构和电化学性能的影响.X射线衍射(XRD)及扫描电镜(SEM)分析表明,快淬态合金中出现了新相LaNi3和La2Ni3,且LaNi3和La2Ni3相含量随快淬速度的增大而增大.电化学性能测试表明,合金的放电特性和最大放电容量随快淬速度的增大呈现出先变好后变坏的变化规律,15m/s快淬态合金的放电特性和最大放电容量达到最佳.此外,恰当的快淬速度能明显改善合金的循环稳定性.     

Effect of heat treatment on hydrogen storage properties and thermal stability of V68Ti20Cr12 alloy

Effect of heat treatment on the crystal structure, microstructure, hydrogen storage properties and thermal stability of V68Ti20Cr12 alloy prepared by arc-melting was studied in this work. It was found that both the as-cast and annealed (973 K/72 h) V68Ti20Cr12 alloys consisted of a single body-centered cubic (bcc) phase. After heat treatment, the hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetic characteristics of the as-cast alloy was improved greatly due to the homogeneous composition and perfect structure. The mechanism of hydrogen absorption/desorption process in the as-cast and annealed alloys was further investigated according to the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) equation. The hydrogen absorption process of the as-cast and annealed alloys would be controlled by the one-dimensional diffusion process, while the hydrogen desorption process in the as-cast and annealed alloys was dominated by the geometrical contraction model. The pressure-composition-temperature (PCT) measurements show that the plateau pressure of the annealed alloy becomes comparatively flat. Furthermore, the activation energies of the dehydrogenation in the as-cast and annealed alloys were calculated using the Kissinger method, indicating that heat treatment is a very beneficial way to improve hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics of the alloy.