相转移催化合成环丙烷甲酸

本文以r—丁内酯为原料与氯化亚矾和异丙醇反应生成r—氯代丁酸异丙酯,经固/液相转移催化(PTC)环合成环丙烷甲酸异丙酯,在液/液PTC条件下进一步水解成环丙烷甲酸,总收率为72.7％。     

环丙烷甲酸的合成工艺改进

用γ-丁内酯和异丙醇与氯化亚砜进行开环酯化反应得4-氯代丁酸异丙酯,再经相转移催化剂进行催化环合反应,无需分离直接水解得到环丙烷甲酸,总收率为85．8％．     

（呋喃、吡喃）糖基环丙烷甲酸酯类化合物的合成和结构确证

以环丙烷及2，2-二甲基环丙烷类化舍物甲酸为先导化合物，合成了8个新的（呋喃、吡喃）糖基环丙烷甲酸及2，2-二甲基环丙烷甲酸酯类化合物，所有新化合物经元素分析、^1H NMR确证，合成产率为38．7％～58．2％．     

相转移催化下樟脑还原反应立体化学的研究

本文研究了在相转移催化(PTC)条件下,樟脑经硼氢化钠还原生成冰片和异冰片的反应.研究结果表明,进行液-液相转移下的还原反应,其产物中Ⅰ/Ⅱ之比与无PTC时差异不大;而在固-液相转移条件下,其还原产物中Ⅱ的百分含量可以提高到90%以上.     

固—液相转移催化合成1—氰基环丙烷甲酸乙酯

在固－液相转移催化条件下，以氟化钾浸渍的氧化铝作为强碱，合成了１－氰基环丙烷甲酸乙酯，并探讨了该反应的机理。     

固－液相转移催化合成1－氰基环丙烷甲酸乙酯

在固－液相转移催化条件下，以氟化钾浸渍的氧化铝作为强碱，合成了１－氰基环丙烷甲酸乙酯，并探讨了该反应的机理．     

以KF─Al_2O_3为强碱相转移催化合成1－乙酰基环丙烷甲酸乙酯

在固－液相转移催化条件下，将氟化钾浸渍的氧化铝作为强碱，季铵盐作为相转移催化剂（ＰＴＣ），合成了１一乙酰基环丙烷甲酸乙酯，并探讨了该反应的机理。     

固—液相转移催化合成1—乙酰基环丙烷甲酸乙酯

叙述了固－液相转移条件下的１－乙酰基环丙烷甲酸乙酯的合成，并探讨了该反应的机理。     

全乙酰化环丙烷甲酸糖酯类化合物的合成及结构确证

以环丙烷甲酸及2,2-二甲基环丙烷类化合物甲酸为先导化合物,合成了8个新的（呋喃、吡喃）糖基环丙烷甲酸及2,2-二甲基环丙烷甲酸酯类化合物,所有新化合物都经元素分析、^1H NMR得到确证,合成产率为40．5％～59．7％。     

2,2二甲基环丙烷甲酸水杨酸酯类化合物的合成和结构表征

以2,2二甲基环丙烷甲酸为先导化合物,将其与水杨酸酯类化合物作用,合成了6个新的2,2二甲基环丙烷苯甲酸酯类化合物,所有新化合物经元素分析、1H NMR确证,合成产率为52.1%～72.4%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that