APPJ处理引发PET膜表面接枝聚合丙烯酸反相乳液

为了改善聚酯(PET)膜的表面加工性能,采用常压射流等离子体(APPJ)处理引发PET膜表面与丙烯酸(AA)反相乳液接枝聚合,研究等离子体处理条件对接枝效果的影响.通过测试处理前后PET膜接枝率、静态接触角、傅里叶变换红外光谱以及表面形貌结构等性能表征接枝改性效果.结果表明:接枝处理可以显著改善PET膜的表面润湿性能,APPJ处理参数对样品的接枝率和润湿性产生显著影响,接枝率为1.05%的PET膜表面接触角仅为5°;红外光谱证明经接枝改性后PET膜样品在2 500~3 600cm-1及1 546cm-1处有新吸收峰出现;扫描电镜(SEM)显示,PET膜表面接枝层是由大量亚微米级甚至纳米级球形颗粒构成.     

低温等离子体诱导下导电高分子复合膜的制备

利用等离子体技术对PET薄膜进行表面处理,并诱导引发AAc在其表面接枝聚合,制备PAAc-g-PET复合膜,用化学氧化方法使PPy接枝聚合在PAAc-g-PET表面,制备出PPy-g-PAAc-g-PET复合膜.利用ATR-FTIR和SEM对制备的复合膜分别进行结构和表面形貌分析.导电性测试结果表明,PPy-g-PAAc-g-PET复合膜的导电性也明显提高.同时考察了温度、时间、浓度等对PPy-g-PAAc-g-PET复合膜接枝率的影响,得到PET薄膜接枝PPy的最佳条件为温度60 ℃,反应时间6 h.研究结果表明,PPy能很好地接枝到PAAc-g-PET复合膜的表面.     

等离子体引发的RAFT接枝聚合对聚丙烯多孔膜的表面改性

采用可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)可控/活性自由基聚合方法,以二硫代苯甲酸-2-腈基异丙酯(CPDB)为RAFT链转移剂并以丙烯酸(AA)为单体,在聚丙烯(PP)多孔膜表面进行了等离子体引发的RAFT接枝聚合改性.聚合动力学研究结果表明:聚合反应具有RAFT聚合动力学特征,等离子体处理可以引发RAFT自由基聚合.以傅立叶红外光谱仪(FT- IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、压汞、水通量等方法,研究了改性多孔膜的表面化学与形态结构及孔结构特征.改性多孔膜表面的接枝率随单体转化率的提高呈线性增长,表面亲水性得到显著改善,同时膜孔径及水通量随接枝聚合时间的提高持续减小.其趋势符合RAFT可控/活性自由基聚合机制,实现了多孔膜膜孔径控制的目的.     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯包覆纳米SiO2表面的聚合反应研究

通过表面接枝的方法,在室温下用偶联剂(MPS)KH-570对纳米SiO2进行接枝,经引发剂引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)发生自由基聚合包覆,并通过TEM和FTIR等测试手段表征粉体有机包覆层的形貌和化学组成结构,应用DSC和TGA等测试方法研究了反应条件对复合粒子结构和性能的影响.为了得到较高的接枝率,用两种不同浓度的偶联剂对纳米SiO2进行预处理,纳米SiO2-MPS复合粒子的接枝率随着偶联剂浓度的增大而提高,且SiO2-MPS-PMMA复合粒子的接枝率和单体的转化率随着引发剂的浓度和单体的浓度的增大而明显提高.     

芴酮引发丙烯酸两步接枝LDPE膜表面改性的研究

采用两步接枝方法,研究了芴酮(FL)引发丙烯酸(AA)在低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)膜表面的接枝聚合过程,探讨了单体浓度、聚合温度等因素对表面接枝的影响。结果表明：在单体质量分数为5%~20%,聚合温度为70~90℃范围内,增大单体浓度、提高聚合温度,有利于接枝反应的进行。采用称量法、表面水接触角测定法、红外光谱分析等手段对表面接枝膜进行了表征,结果表明丙烯酸被成功地引入到LDPE膜表面,接枝率最高达到8.24%,改善了LDPE膜表面的亲水性。     

聚丙烯膜表面光接枝MBA的合成及研究

水性体系中,以二苯甲酮(BP)为引发剂,在商业聚丙烯(PP)微孔滤膜表面紫外光接枝了功能单体N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA).考察了紫外光照时间、单体浓度对接枝率的影响,通过FTIR和对水接触角的测量研究了膜的表面性能.结果表明:光照时间为90 min、单体浓度为0.1 mol.L-1时,接枝率达到最大值;FTIR的结果证明,MBA被成功接枝到了PP膜的表面,对水接触角随着接枝率的增加而减小,接枝改性后膜表面的亲水性有了很大提高.     

光接枝表面改性聚丙烯膜固定蛋白质的研究

采用表面光接枝改性,以二苯甲酮为光引发剂,在聚丙烯膜表面分别接枝一层聚丙烯酸(PAA)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和马来酸酐(MAH),然后分别在上述接枝层表面对牛血清白蛋白(BSA)进行固定。采用称重法、付立叶红外光谱仪、水接触角测试仪、紫外 可见光谱等测试手段对表面改性效果和固定的蛋白量进行表征。结果表明,在经MAH、AA和AM接枝改性过的聚丙烯膜表面可以固定BSA。而且固定效果率比较为：MAH>AA>AM。     

羧乙基纤维素与丙烯酸接枝聚合反应的自由基发光研究

以硝酸铈铵(CAN)为引发剂,在N2保护下,羧乙基纤维素与丙烯酸进行接枝聚合反应。用生物发光仪对该体系自由基发光进行了研究,考察了羧乙基纤维素浓度、丙烯酸浓度、引发剂浓度、反应温度对发光强度的影响。得出随着羧乙基纤维素浓度、丙烯酸浓度、引发剂浓度的增大,该聚合反应体系自由基发光强度先增大后又减小。该聚合体系自由基发光特征表现为快引发、快增长、相应慢衰减,且反应温度越高,引发更快,但自由基存活时间越短。     

本体光接枝制备温敏核孔膜

以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)为单体,二苯甲酮(BP)为引发剂,采用本体光接枝方法制备了具有温度敏感特性的PET核孔膜。FTIR-ATR和SEM证明,接枝主要在膜的向光表面进行,膜的背光侧和膜孔内没有接枝。接枝过程中,增大光强和增加引发剂在反应混合物中的比例有利于提高接枝程度;常温下,接枝程度随反应时间的延长呈线性增长;随着反应温度的升高,接枝程度迅速增加,90s后增加趋于平缓;提高反应温度可以显著的提高接枝程度,但是当温度高于单体熔点时,接枝程度反而大幅降低。膜表面的接枝链对膜孔产生封盖,从而影响膜的滤过特性。通量测试表明,接枝膜在较高接枝程度时,水通量在30～35℃附近有跃升现象,接枝膜具有温敏特性。     

利用远程Ar等离子体引发聚四氟乙烯膜接枝丙烯酸的研究

利用远程Ar等离子体对聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)膜进行预处理,与空气接触氧化后接枝丙烯酸(AA).用碘化钠法测定膜表面过氧基团的浓度,探讨等离子体放电时间和功率对膜表面过氧基团浓度的影响,以及过氧基团浓度对接枝率的影响.通过接触角测定分析了接枝PTFE表面的亲水性变化,利用衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱图(XPS)对接枝膜进行结构表征.研究结果表明:在放电功率为100 W、放电时间为100 s和氩气流量为20 cm3/min的条件下,过氧基团浓度为2.87×1013个/cm2;过氧基团越多,越有利于AA在PTFE表面发生接枝反应;随着接枝率的增加,PTFE表面接触角呈下降趋势.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.