3种多糖对草莓的保鲜作用

以草莓为对象,通过连续多次测定贮藏期内草莓的失重率、腐烂率、感官评价、硬度、可溶性固形物、维生素C、可滴定酸和抗氧化活性等指标,比较壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、魔芋葡甘聚糖等3种常用多糖保鲜材料的保鲜作用及特点.结果表明3种多糖对草莓贮藏期内的多个生理生化指标具有明显的改善作用,能有效延长草莓货架期.其中壳聚糖保鲜作用最好,魔芋葡甘聚糖对草莓有机酸的维持作用最好.     

水性聚氨酯/硫酸化壳聚糖复合膜的制备及其血液相容性

采用己二异氰酸酯（HDI）三聚体合成了水性聚氨酯（WPU）,采用浸渍法将WPU与硫酸化壳聚糖（SCS）通过接枝反应制备出WPU/SCS复合膜. 通过红外光谱、热重分析、差示扫描量热法对复合膜进行了表征,并采用动态凝实验研究了复合膜的血液相容性. 结果表明:WPU与SCS发生了共价结合;复合膜的玻璃化转变温度为53.2 ℃,热分解温度为300~400 ℃;WPU/SCS复合膜的血液相容性优于水性聚氨酯. 因此WPU/SCS复合膜是具有潜力的生物医用材料.     

羧甲基葡甘聚糖铁凝胶球对磷的吸附性能

用Fe3+交联羧甲基葡甘聚糖制得了一种新型吸附材料,研究了羧甲基葡甘聚糖铁凝胶球对磷酸根的吸附性能.分别考察了吸附时间、羧甲基葡甘聚糖浓度、FeCl3浓度、pH值、温度和磷酸根浓度对吸附的影响,同时用红外光谱初步表征了羧甲基葡甘聚糖铁凝胶球-磷酸根复合物的结构.结果表明:293K时,羧甲基葡甘聚糖铁凝胶球对磷酸根的吸附反应在12h时达平衡,当羧甲基葡甘聚糖浓度为2.0%,Fe3+质量分数为2.0%,磷浓度为100mg/L时,吸附量为23.26mg/g,吸附率达93%.     

蛇六谷葡甘聚糖抗肿瘤研究

以蛇六谷为研究对象,利用自制蛇六谷葡甘聚糖降解产物,通过实验探讨蛇六谷葡甘聚糖短链分子抗肿瘤作用.分析结果表明,蛇六谷葡甘聚糖短链分子能够抑制He La细胞的生长,但总体抑制效果不明显;不同剂量蛇六谷葡甘聚糖短链分子对S180荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的增长都有抑制作用,且随着剂量的增大,抑制效果越明显.初步研究结果表明,蛇六谷葡甘聚糖短链分子有抗肿瘤活性.利用X射线衍射、红外光谱、拉曼光谱和圆二色谱对蛇六谷进行结构分析,结果证明蛇六谷的抗肿瘤功效可能与其含有的葡甘聚糖有关.     

魔芋葡甘聚糖的改性与应用研究进展

文章综述了魔芋葡甘聚糖的基本结构、性质和国内外改性和应用魔芋葡甘聚糖的概况及新进展,对魔芋葡甘聚糖及其衍生物在生物医用材料方面的应用作为重点探讨.     

层层组装法改善丝素人工血管材料生物相容性

为改善丝素纤维人工血管材料(SFF)的生物相容性,拓展其在小口径人工血管领域的应用,采用层层组装法(LbL)在SFF表面构建再生丝素蛋白(RSF)和壳聚糖(CHI)多层膜,表征组装前后材料的元素组成和亲疏水性以及组装膜形貌、厚度和粗糙度,并进行生物相容性评价。结果表明:通过LbL法可在SFF表面成功构建(RSF/CHI)n多层膜;组装(RSF/CHI)8的SFF在1、3、5d的细胞增殖率分别为未组装SFF的1.64、2.82和4.45倍;组装(RSF/CHI)8的SFF的溶血率约为未组装试样的1/3。生物相容性试验表明,组装(RSF/CHI)8的SFF的体外细胞和血液相容性均得到显著改善。     

基于胆固醇改性壳聚糖材料的蛋白吸附及细胞相容性评价

目的:提高壳聚糖作为生物材料对细胞的主动响应能力.方法:利用胆固醇对壳聚糖进行仿生修饰.通过QCM-D技术考察了壳聚糖改性前后对于白蛋白吸附行为的变化,AFM技术考察了壳聚糖及其衍生物吸附白蛋白前后的膜表面形貌变化;成纤维细胞3T3评价了细胞在不同材料表面的增殖及形态.结果:经胆固醇修饰后的壳聚糖膜表面蛋白吸附能力有显著提升,改性程度越高,白蛋白的吸附能力越强.吸附蛋白前胆固醇-g-壳聚糖膜表面粗糙度随着改性程度增大而升高,而后下降.吸附蛋白后,膜表面粗糙度反而下降,但高改性程度的膜表面却升高.结论:细胞实验结果表明,胆固醇改性后的壳聚糖衍生物具有较好的细胞相容性,且改性后的胆固醇-g-壳聚糖材料在不同程度上具有促进细胞黏附与增殖的能力.     

葡甘聚糖/植物多酚对重金属离子吸附基础研究

将具有邻苯三酚结构、能与金属离子形成稳定络合物的植物多酚,通过共价交联的方式将其接枝固化在葡甘聚糖上,制备出可生物降解、对重金属离子具备高吸附容量的功能吸附材料。应用研究结果表明:葡甘聚糖/植物多酚静态吸附重金属离子的时间取2 h为宜。随着pH值升高,葡甘聚糖/植物多酚对重金属的吸附量增加,pH值在7.0~10.0时,吸附率最高,pH>10.0以后,葡甘聚糖/植物多酚对重金属的吸附呈下降趋势。葡甘聚糖/植物多酚对重金属离子具有极高的选择性吸附能力。对铅、镉、汞、铬、铜、鋅、银等重金属离子的吸附率超过90%;饱和吸附量Q0依Zn2 >Hg2 >Ag >Pb2 >Cu2 >Cr6 >Cd2 的顺序递减;吸附强度和容量的综合参数K依照Zn2 >Hg2 >Ag >Pb2 >Cu2 >Cr6 >Cd2 的顺序递减,说明葡甘聚糖/植物多酚对锌的选择性最好,吸附容量(金属离子/吸附剂)达到150 mg/g以上。     

一种新型生物膜材料——葡甘聚糖/海藻酸钠/羧甲基纤维素共混膜

利用溶液共混法制备了新型生物膜材料——葡甘聚糖/海藻酸钠/羧甲基纤维素共混膜(blend film),通过红外光谱、X-射线衍射、原子吸收光谱、扫描电镜等对共混膜的结构进行了表征,测定了不同配比共混膜的透光率、抗张强度、断裂伸长率、吸水率和水蒸汽透过率,并对共混膜进行了热重和差示量热扫描分析.结果表明：Ca2＋交联、氢键以及静电引力等强烈相互作用使三元共混膜力学性能等得到了显著改善,其抗张强度明显高于葡甘聚糖膜、海藻酸膜和海藻酸/羧甲基纤维素二元共混膜,并具有良好的热稳定性,在生物医学领域或食品材料领域有潜在利用价值.     

魔芋葡甘聚糖对CCl4所致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

研究了魔芋葡甘聚糖（KGM）对CCl4致小鼠实验性肝损伤的保护作用,并探讨了其作用机制。基于CCl4皮下注射制备肝损伤小鼠模型,分别用3种不同浓度的魔芋葡甘聚糖（KGM）进行干预,观察检测小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、血清白蛋白与血清球蛋白的比值（A/G）、肝组织匀浆超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果表明：魔芋葡甘聚糖（KGM）干预给药能降低CCl4所致小鼠血清中异常增高的ALT,AST;升高CCl4所致小鼠血清中异常降低的A/G比值;魔芋葡甘聚糖（KGM）干预给药能使肝损伤小鼠肝匀浆异常降低的SOD含量上升,异常增高的MDA含量下降。魔芋葡甘聚糖（KGM）对小鼠实验性肝损伤具有一定程度的保护作用。     

Preparation and characterization of chitosan/carboxymethylated konjac glucomannan blend films

In order to improve the mechanical and water swelling properties of the chitosan (CS) film, a series of transparent films were prepared by blending 2% (weight) chitosan acetic acid solution with 1.5% (weight) carboxymethylated konjac glucomannan (CMKGM) aqueous solution according to predetermined ratio and drying at 30°C. The morphological structure, miscibility, thermal stability, mechanical properies, and swelling capacity of the blend films were studied by infrared (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron micrograph (SEM), and measurements of the mechanical properties and swelling properties. The results demonstrated that there was strong interaction and good miscibility between CS and CMKGM resulted from intermolecular hydrogen bonding and electrostatic force. The mechanical properties in dry state and wet state, thermostability, and water swelling properties of the blend films were obviously improved. The best values of the tensile strength in the dry and wet state achieved 89 MPa and 49 MPa, respectively, when the CMKGM content was 30% (weight). The CS/ CMKGM blend films provided promising biomedical applications. Foundation item: Supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No.29977014). Biography: Zheng hua (1965-), male, Associate professor, research direction: renewable resource chemistry.     

Blend films of chitosan/starch

Chitosan-starch blend films were prepared, and their structure and properties were studied by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction, SEM and measurement of tensile strength. IR spectra and SEM analysis showed that the two polysaccharides were compatible, when the starch was less than 30% by weight. From X-ray diffraction patterns of blend fllms, it was observed that crystallization of starch was inhibited, and recrystallization of chitosan was also affected by starch. Crystal form I, one of the main two crystal forms of chitosan, drastically increased in 30% starch content films. These results indicated that the interactions between chitosan and starch molecules exist in the blend films. The tensile strength of the film were improved when chitosan and starch were blended by weight ratios of 8∶2 and 7∶3, in which the highest tensile strength (781 kg/cm²) was achieved.     

Effect of konjac glucomannan on sodium alginate membrane

This paper introduces a blended membrane which is prepared by coagulation of sodium alginate and konjac glucomannan(KGM) in an aqueous solution, and studies the effect of different concentrations of KGM on sodium alginate films. The structural characterization of prepared blend film was implemented by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), and the optimum ratio was determined by comparing fracture elongation, moisture absorption and moisture retention. The results indicate that the two polysaccharide molecules, sodium alginate and KGM, in the blend membrane have a good compatibility. The surface of blend film is smooth and uniform. The addition of KGM can significantly improve the moisture absorption and moisture retention performance of sodium alginate film, and its mechanical performance is also improved to some extent. The ratio of sodium alginate and KGM is 3.2∶1.5.     

聚苯胺与聚乙烯醇共混相容性研究

本文以乳液聚合法合成聚苯胺,分别用N-甲基吡咯烷酮为溶剂溶解本征态聚苯胺(PAN)、水溶解聚乙烯醇(PVA),再通过共混浇铸制备PAN-PVA共混膜.用差热分析法和扫描电镜对共混膜进行共混相容性研究,实验结果表明它们共混后具有很好的相容性.并初步探讨了PAN-PVA共混膜的静电屏蔽效应.     

固载葡萄糖氧化酶的壳聚糖/二氧化硅杂化膜的制备及表征

利用生物相容性良好的天然高分子聚合物壳聚糖(CS)与甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTOS)通过原位溶胶-凝胶法制备壳聚糖/二氧化硅有机无机杂化复合膜,用此膜对葡萄糖氧化酶进行固定,用红外光谱法、扫描电镜法对膜进行了表征.以电沉积普鲁士蓝的玻碳电极和固定化酶膜构建葡萄糖生物传感器,用循环伏安法和记时电流法对固定化酶的效果进行了评价,结果表明,用于研制固定化酶生物传感器时,杂化膜比单纯的壳聚糖膜对底物的响应时间快并能很好地保持酶的活性.     

人endostatin基因重组逆转录病毒载体的构建及其在NIH3T3细胞中表达

为探讨转人血管内皮抑制基因（endostatin）在转染细胞中的表达，利用逆转录病毒载体构建人endostatin基因的重组质粒，通过脂质体（lipofectamine）将重组质粒导入包装细胞PA317,制备重组病毒液。用重组病毒液感染NIH3T3细胞，经G418筛选获得转入endostatin基因细胞株NIH3T3-endo。同法制备对照细胞株NIH3T3-pLncx.PCR检测NIH3T3-endo细胞基因组，在扩增产物中一份550bp人endostatin基因特异性片段，对照组为阴性。免疫组化测定示仅NIH3T3-endo细胞中有外源性endostatin蛋白的表达，说明人endostatin基因已被成功导入NIH3T3细胞，并获得稳定表达。     

Compatibility of Chitosan-Gelatin Films with Adipose Tissue Derived Stromal Cells

Introduction Chitosan, the partially N-deacetylated form of chitin, is the second most abundant biomaterial after cellulose. Due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bio- activity, chitosan and its derivant complexes have been studied in various…     

戊二醛交联对壳聚糖/PVA共混膜结构和性能的影响

用流延法成功制备聚乙烯醇-壳聚糖共混膜,然后进行戊二醛交联处理.用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜对经过湿热处理和交联的共混膜进行了表征,测试了膜的力学性能和吸水性.结果表明,经戊二醛交联的膜结晶被部分破坏.共混膜的吸水性实验表明,壳聚糖/PVA共混膜的pH敏感性可通过控制交联剂浓度改变.该法可以在壳聚糖/PVA共混膜控释体系的后处理方面得到应用.     

Silk Fibroin Film Blended with Poly（ ethylene glycol-glycerin）

To improve the toughness of silk fibroin（ SF） films,poly（ ethylene glycol-glycerin）（ PEGG） was synthesized with ethylene glycol and epichlorohydrin. The SF / PEGG blend films were prepared by casting aqueous solution and their structures were characterized. The PEGG was in liquid state at room temperature so it will not be a single phrase at blend film. It crosslinked with SF and made it insolubility in water. The results of X-ray diffraction（ XRD） indicated that the crystallinity of the SF in the blend films decreased with the content of PEGG increasing. The tensile strength and elongation at break of blend films were measured using an instron tensile tester. The results showed that the tensile strength and elongation at break of blend films were high enough for application.After the blend films were stored at room temperature for 100 d,the crystallinity, the tensile strength and elongation at wet state increased. The blend films are superior to SF films in providing excellent flexibility and mechanical properties in both dry and wet states. Based on the fact that SF has good biocompatibility,the SF /PEGG blend film will offer new options in many different biomedical applications.     

POSS掺杂改性聚氨酯水性分散体乳液的研究

采用化学改性方法制备了一种POSS掺杂改性的聚氨酯水性分散体乳液,并采用投射电镜等多种测试手段对POSS掺杂聚氨酯分散体及其涂膜的微观结构、热、光和力学等性能进行表征和研究.结果表明,该乳液具有良好的室温贮存稳定性能(>90 d),POSS与水性聚氨酯分散体具有良好的相容性和协同增强效应.POSS的掺杂改性不仅能够提高聚氨酯涂膜的耐热性能,显著提高水性聚氨酯涂膜的硬度和耐水性,同时该掺杂聚氨酯涂膜还具有优异的抗紫外光能力.