污水集中治理的成本构成及其分摊方法研究

讨论了污水集中治理的成本构成和影响这些成本的主要因素,并对成本分摊问题进行了形式化描述．分析了污水收集和处理的主要成本的合理分摊应该满足的条件,给出了比较合理和实用的成本分摊方法．     

基于动态成本理论的水电厂发电成本分析

应用成本分摊理论将固定成本按水电厂出力分摊,结合变动成本求出动态成本。以汉江流域某新建水电厂为例的研究分析表明,水电厂的边际成本和会计成本不随系统负荷的变化而变化,是迟滞的。动态成本随着系统负荷的增加而增加,其在反映市场供需关系对电价的影响方面优于会计成本和边际成本。本研究对指导电力市场环境下水电厂的优化运行和竞价上网具有重要意义。     

污水集中治理的成本构成及其分摊方法研究

讨论了污水集中治理的成本构成和影响这些成本的主要因素，并对成本分摊问题进行了形式化描述。分析了污水收集和处理的主要成本的合理分摊应该满足的条件，给出了比较合理和实用的成本分摊方法。     

楼宇冷热电联供系统成本分摊方法研究

多产品系统的成本分摊问题，是运用热经济学方法分析能量系统的关键环节之一。这里分析了现有的热电联供系统成本分摊的主要方法，指出了各种方法的实质，提出一种成本分摊的新方法——“价格系数法”。分别运用3种方法分摊了楼宇冷热电联供(BCHP)系统热电之间的成本，并进一步计算制冷部分的成本。实际BCHP系统的分析表明，“价格系数法”将联供带来的好处合理分配给冷电热三部分，有效解决了三联供系统的成本分摊问题。     

房地产共有共用面积分摊方法

针对房地产共有共用面积分摊方法有关问题,采用对比分析方法对房地产共用面积、共用面积分摊的基本原则、分摊的依据及传统分摊方法进行了分析与研究.研究结果表明:"谁使用谁分摊"的房屋及土地共用面积的分摊方法合理实用,并进一步说明房地产共用面积分摊方法影响房地产权益.该分摊方法科学、合理、实用,有利于维护房地产权利人的合法权益,对开展房地产测绘及房地产估价工作具有积极的指导作用.     

电力市场条件下无功发电成本计算探讨

以发电机运行极限图为基础,分析了发电机在进相和常相运行情况下的无功成本,给出了合理计算无功成本的方法.该方法对有功和无功成本的分摊、无功定价的制定具有一定的指导作用.     

土地增值税清算中的成本分摊思路--以城市综合体为例

城市综合体计税成本对象有两种不同划分方式：按规定的原则确定计税成本对象;将整个开发项目作为一个计税成本对象。根据不同的计税成本对象,确定城市综合体项目土地增值税清算中成本分摊的两种思路：按规定的原则确定计税成本对象并按其进行分摊;将整个开发项目作为一个计税成本对象计算不同类型的成本。其中,按规定的原则确认计税成本对象分为以下五步：确定计税成本对象;计算开发成本;分摊计税成本对象;计算已销售开发产品的成本;将各计税成本对象中已售的房地产类型合并。企业应该根据自身的情况采取不同的分摊方法,也可以根据需要把不同的分摊方法进行比较、结合使用。     

基于修正导纳法的负荷侧无功定价

开放的电力市场要求有竞争性的无功辅助服务。在无功辅助服务中无功成本的分摊和定价是一个关键的问题。分析了对于实时无功定价存在的缺陷。提出了基于修正导纳法的负荷侧无功定价的方法,把负荷侧无功成本分摊分为二个部分：无功发电成本和无功输送成本。该方法通过无功相关系数建立了无功源与无功负荷的线性关系,从而进行无功成本分摊。以IEEE-5节点系统为例对无功功率成本进行仿真计算,计算结果表明该方法是可行的和合理的。     

协同配送收益分配问题

为了使协同配送所带来的效益在合作企业间合理分配,将收益与成本、收入三者结合起来考虑,从成本分摊角度考虑收益分配问题,通过收入等因素对成本分摊结果进行修正,最终得到合理的收益分配.该方法对促进协同配送健康发展起到了积极作用.     

基于Shapley值的价值链合作企业成本分摊博弈分析

分析了价值链合作企业之间的博弈模型,合作关系存在的必要条件。利用博弈论中的Shapley值法,给出了成本分摊方法,以便合理设计价值链合作企业之间的成本分摊机制。最后通过实证介绍如何利用Shapley值法应用于成本分摊,并提出价值链中企业合作关系长期存在的有关建议。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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