高氮奥氏体钢的CVN低温冲击断裂研究

对Fe-24Mn-13Cr-1Ni-0．44N和Fe-24Mn-18Cr-3Ni-0．62N两种高氮奥氏体不锈钢分别进行了低温冲击断裂的试验研究．研究结果表明：随着氮的质量分数的提高，奥氏体不锈钢的低温冲击韧度快速降低，韧脆转变温度升高，两者的韧脆转变温度分别为140K和210K；高氮奥氏体不锈钢在83K时会产生层状剥离式的脆性断裂；高氮奥氏体不锈钢随温度的降低，断裂模式的变化规律为：拉长或等轴形韧窝→浅坑形韧窝→脆断刻面和韧窝混合型→脆断刻面为主，层状剥离出现．     

奥氏体不锈钢氮离子注入层的研究

本文用俄歇能谱仪（ＡＥＳ），结合高精度表面轮廓仪测定奥氏体不锈钢氮离子注入层深度及氮浓度分布．用超显微硬度计（试验载荷为０．１ｇ至２．０ｇ）测量注入层的本征硬度，还用ｘ射线低角度掠射技术（ＧＩＸＲＴ）分析注入层的组织结构．研究结果表明：氮离子注入层为过饱和氮的单相国溶体非晶态层，它强化了奥氏体不锈钢表层，提高耐磨性，降低摩擦系数．注入态的耐蚀性优于非注入态．     

18-18-0.5N高氮奥氏体不锈钢冷轧变形过程中的组织演变和形变强化

利用XRD、TEM、SEM和拉伸实验等分析测试方法研究了18-18-0.5N高氮奥氏体不锈钢在冷轧变形过程中的组织演变和形变强化规律.结果发现:18-18-0.5N高氮奥氏体不锈钢在冷变形过程中并未发生形变诱导相变,微观组织和力学性能在变形量为43.8%附近出现转折.提出了屈服强度随应变变化的预测方程.     

高强度耐磨损不锈钢

高强度耐磨损不锈钢Ｃａｒｐｅｎｔｅｒ技术公司研制了氮强化的高硅高锰奥氏体不锈钢。它的屈服强度是ＡＩＳＩ３１６型不锈钢的两倍。该钢的化学成份是：２．５～４．５Ｓｉ、４８Ｍｎ、１６．５～２１Ｃｒ、６～１０Ｎｉ、０．５～２．５Ｍｏ、０．１５Ｃ、０．０４Ｐ、...     

W离子注入奥氏体不锈钢的微动磨损性能

采用金属蒸气真空弧离子源，在奥氏体不锈钢上注入金属W离子，研究了W离子注入对奥氏体不锈钢微动磨损性能的影响．结果表明，W离子注入后不锈钢的表面硬度提高了3倍；W离子注入能够显著改善奥氏体不锈钢的微动磨损性能，降低微动磨损面积．这主要归因于离子注入造成的表面强化，以及离子注入在基体表面产生的压应力．     

固溶时效后高氮奥氏体不锈钢的物理化学相分析

采用物理化学相分析技术研究了高氮奥氏体不锈钢固溶时效后的碳、氮化物析出行为,确定了析出相的类型、粒度分布、含量及组成结构式.结果表明:氮含量低的1Cr22Mn15N0.6以M23C6型碳化物析出为主,氮含量高的1Cr22Mn15N0.9以(CrFe)2N1-x型氮化物析出为主,高氮奥氏体不锈钢中析出物的总量随时效时间的延长而增加.     

Cr32Ni7Mo3N特级双相不锈钢的空蚀行为

利用磁致伸缩空蚀试验机对Cr32Ni7Mo3N特级双相不锈钢在蒸馏水和人工海水中进行了空蚀实验,并采用扫描电镜跟踪观察了经不同时间段空蚀后试样的形貌.通过测量失重绘制了材料的累积失重量和失重率曲线.经电化学工作站测量了材料在静态与空蚀条件下的极化曲线和腐蚀电位变化.对比分析了Cr32Ni7Mo3N与SAF2205双相不锈钢在人工海水的抗空蚀能力.结果表明:Cr32Ni7Mo3N特级双相不锈钢空蚀破坏首先在铁素体薄弱区以及铁素体和奥氏体相界发生,并向铁素体内扩展,铁素体发生解离断裂脱落;奥氏体随着空蚀的进行,滑移线增多,显微硬度值增加,且人工海水中奥氏体显微硬度值比在蒸馏水中的高;铁素体大面积破坏后,奥氏体才失稳产生延性断裂脱落,奥氏体的存在延缓了破坏在整个材料表面上的扩展.空蚀与腐蚀交互影响导致材料在人工海水中加速破坏.Cr32Ni7Mo3N特级双相不锈钢在人工海水中的抗空蚀能力优于SAF2205双相不锈钢.     

高温渗氮工艺对无镍不锈钢模拟体液环境下耐蚀性的影响

文章采用高温渗氮工艺得到高氮无镍不锈钢,以提高医用不锈钢的安全性和耐蚀性。实验结果表明:渗氮层氮质量分数可达1.0%,与原材料相比氮质量分数增加了2倍;在0.9%NaCl生理盐水和模拟血浆溶液中具有优异的耐蚀性,在加热温度1 200℃、氮气压力0.3MPa、保温时间24h条件下得到的高氮奥氏体不锈钢在0.9%NaCl生理盐水中的点蚀电位约1 200mV,大大高于渗氮前(约320mV)的水平。     

Z3CN20—09M铸造奥氏体不锈钢的低周疲劳行为

采用径向应变控制研究了Z3CN20-09M奥氏体不锈钢在室温和350℃高温下的低周疲劳行为．Z3CN20-09M不锈钢表现为先硬化后软化的循环特性,但硬化的程度取决于温度和应变幅．随着应变幅的增加,Z3CN20-09M钢的低周疲劳循环寿命逐渐减短,而相同循环次数下应力幅也随之提高．温度对Z3CN20-09M钢的低周疲劳行为影响较大,与室温相比高温下的循环硬化程度更高,相同应变幅下高温的低周疲劳寿命也高于常温下的寿命．通过疲劳实验的原位观察发现,奥氏体内的滑移面、夹杂物及奥氏体和铁素体两相的界面是疲劳裂纹可能的形核位置,奥氏体和铁素体两相的不协调变形使相界处产生应力集中,导致疲劳裂纹容易沿两相界面扩展．     

氮含量和环境温度对316L不锈钢耐腐蚀性的影响

研究低温条件下腐蚀溶液温度以及钢中氮含量对316L奥氏体不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的影响,在1 mol/L H2SO4+0.5 mol/L NaCl的腐蚀液中,对氮含量为0.009 5%～0.557 5%的316L奥氏体不锈钢进行阳极极化曲线及电化学阻抗测量.结果表明,提高氮含量,316L奥氏体不锈钢耐蚀性增强;腐蚀液温度升高,316L奥氏体不锈钢耐蚀性减弱.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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