具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

内蒙古桦木属花粉形态的研究

本文利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对内蒙古榫木属(Betula L.)10个分类群的花粉进行了系统观察研究。本属花粉粒扁球形,大小为18.9～39.7μm,通常具3孔,外壁厚2.0～2.6μm,两层,外层厚于内层或两层几等厚,表面具颗粒状、小刺状或条脊状纹饰。根据萌发孔和外壁等特征,内蒙古桦木属植物的花粉可分为5亚组:(1)坚桦亚组;(2)硕桦亚组;(3)黑桦亚组;(4)柴桦亚组和(5)桦木亚组,并且编写了分亚组检索表,讨论了桦木属花粉形态在植物分类上的意义。     

西南桦不同种源扦插生根能力比较

使用不同浓度生根促进剂处理不同种源西南桦插穗 ,研究了不同木质化程度穗条的扦插效果、不同基质对西南桦扦插繁殖生根效果的影响 ,以及不同种源西南桦的扦插生根能力。结果表明 ,嫩枝以ABT 1号生根粉 6 0 0mg/kg IBA 6 0 0mg/kg处理的效果最佳 ,半木质化枝条以ABT 1号生根粉 80 0mg/kg IBA 80 0mg/kg处理的效果最好 ,完全木质化的枝条以ABT 1号生根粉 10 0 0mg/kg IBA 10 0 0mg/kg处理的效果最好 ;3种基质的对比试验中以 10 0 %红心土表现最好 ;7个西南桦不同种源扦插生根试验结果中 ,以M16号种源的 3项生根指标表现最好     

NaHCO3胁迫下白桦四倍体表型及生理分析

采用Na HCO3胁迫处理白桦四倍体苗木,测定其表型特征及生理特性.结果表明:在Na HCO3胁迫下,白桦四倍体叶片受盐害程度明显低于二倍体,苗高和地径生长明显高于二倍体;白桦四倍体净光合速率、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、脯氨酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性和过氧化物酶活性始终显著高于二倍体.     

光皮桦种群生物量的测定

用相对生长模型W=a(D^2H)^b和幂函数改进模型W＝aD^αH^β，对福建邵武卫闽光皮桦种群生物量进行了研究。结果表明，幂函数改进模型要优于相对生长模型，并且光皮桦林分总生物量为33．47t/hm^2,其生物量大小顺序为树干＞根＞枝＞皮＞叶。     

桂西北光皮桦和马尾松人工幼林生长量的比较研究

为了进一步弄清桂西北种植光皮桦 (Betula luminf era)的生长量 ,于 1 997年 4月在广西林朵林场营造光皮桦人工纯林 ,与马尾松纯林进行对比研究 ,结果表明 :3.5年生光皮桦林分的平均树高、平均胸径和平均蓄积量分别为 7.42 m、 7.50 cm和 30 .0 6 m3· hm-2 ,分别比同龄马尾松林分的平均高 (4.58m)、平均胸径 (4.96cm)、平均蓄积 (1 8.1 93m3/hm2 )提高 62 .0 %、 51 .2 %和 65.3%。说明该区营造光皮桦人工幼林的生长量较大 ,建议在相似立地条件下局部推广营造光皮桦人工林。     

盐碱胁迫对光皮桦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

利用中性盐NaCl、Na2SO4和碱性盐NaHCO3按不同质量比混合,模拟出15种盐碱度各不相同的盐碱逆境条件,进行光皮桦种子萌发试验,研究盐碱胁迫对光皮桦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,在不同盐碱处理下,随着盐浓度及pH值的增加,种子发芽率、发芽指数均呈下降趋势,对幼苗胚生长抑制作用加强;在pH≥8.78,盐浓度≥100mmol/L胁迫下,光皮桦种子的萌发明显受到抑制,且萌发进程延缓,当盐浓度高达250mmol/L时,各盐碱处理下的光皮桦种子均不萌发;在pH≥7.08,盐浓度50mmol/L胁迫下,光皮桦早期幼苗无法正常生长;碱性盐对种子萌发的抑制作用强于中性盐.     

光皮桦林优势树种间的竞争

研究了福建省卫闽光皮桦林内优势树种间的竞争关系,结果表明：光皮桦与锥栗、枫香、拟赤杨间的竞争较为激烈,并且光皮桦与锥栗、光皮桦与丝栗栲之间达到了暂时相对稳定的平衡。另外,光皮桦在与其它主要伴生树种的竞争中,目前处于优势地位。     

光皮桦营养器官的解剖构造研究

光皮桦一年生播种苗营养器官的解剖结构显示,根,茎,叶各器官的输导组织较为发达,输导效率高;形成层细胞分裂次数多,分裂速度快,形成的次生木质部径向厚度大。其解剖构造适应于苗木的迅速生长。     

西南桦人工林有害生物调查研究

为了有效控制西南桦（Betula alnoides）人工林有害生物灾害,于2003-2011年采用线路调查法和标准样地法对百色市右江区、平果、田东、田林、隆林、凌云、靖西、天峨、凭祥、昭平、南宁和融水共12个县（市区）的西南桦人工林有害生物发生危害情况进行了调查。结果表明,西南桦人工林有害生物共有47种,其中病害6种、虫害35种、有害植物6种。按危害程度划分,危害严重6种、中等13种、轻微28种。按危害部位划分,枝干有害生物13种,叶部有害生物30种,根茎有害生物4种。种植西南桦的12个县（市、区）都有有害生物发生危害,其中,田林、天峨、靖西3个县发生危害比较严重。溃疡病、相思拟木蠹蛾、苹掌舟蛾、樟叶蜂、扁趾铁甲和桑寄生是主要的有害生物,而且全部为广西当地原有物种,可以采用营林的、生物的或化学的方法进行防治。目前,西南桦人工林没有发生重大生物灾害,但是,随着西南桦人工林面积的不继扩大,生物灾害问题应当引起重视。