重组人DNaseⅠ不同表达模式的下游工艺研究

研究了诱导温度对重组人DNaseⅠ(rhDNaseⅠ)在大肠杆菌中可溶表达的影响,发现加诱导剂后在37℃培养时,rhDNaseⅠ融合蛋白以包涵体形式存在;而20℃培养,rhDNaseⅠ融合蛋白有62.3%分泌到周质,并且具有酶活性。对这两种不同表达模式表达的rhDNaseⅠ融合蛋白进行分离纯化,发现前者最终酶活为592.2 U/mg,回收率为32.1%;后者酶活为1283U/mg,回收率为24.1%。比较这两种纯化工艺,分泌表达模式的分离纯化工艺较好。     

结核分枝杆菌H37Rv高丝氨酸激酶基因的克隆、表达及酶学性质分析

采用PCR方法克隆到结核分枝杆菌H37Rv的高丝氨酸激酶基因thrB,将其连接到pET-28a( )表达载体中,在大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)中经丙基硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导得到高效表达.用Ni·NTA His·Bind亲和层析柱对表达的活性重组蛋白进行了分离纯化,并对其酶学性质进行了研究.结果表明:重组结核分枝杆菌高丝氨酸激酶能以L-高丝氨酸和ATP为底物催化L-高丝氨酸生成O-磷酰-L-高丝氨酸,该酶的比活力为2.946 U/mg,对底物L-高丝氨酸和ATP的米氏常数分别为2.303 1 mmol/L和2.342 9 mmol/L.     

无瓣海桑不同部位单宁含量及叶片单宁的结构分析

无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)作为红树植物外来种,引种到我国后得到大面积种植.本文以广东湛江高桥无瓣海桑林为研究对象,分析了不同部位的单宁含量,并利用MALDI-TOF MS对成熟叶片纯化单宁的化学结构进行分析.研究结果表明:(1)无瓣海桑不同部位(叶片、树皮、根、果)总酚含量在(127.73±3.80)～(359.54 ± 63.28) mg/g之间,其中树皮的总酚含量最高,而花的含量最低,叶的总酚含量也较高,在不同发育阶段叶片中差异不显著.可溶性缩合单宁在花中的含量也最低((17.56±2.61) mg/g),但在果和树皮中最高((276.48±9.62) mg/g和(254.71±5.62) mg/g).蛋白质结合能力在叶片和果较高,而在根中最低.(2)经MALDI-TOF质谱分析显示,无瓣海桑成熟叶片纯化单宁是以葡萄糖分子和棓酰基为基本结构单元的水解单宁,其中棓酰基通过与葡萄糖或另一份子棓酰基脱水形成的共价键相连.     

来自Pyrococcus horikoshii的极端耐热β-1,4-内切纤维素酶的分离纯化与酶学性质

耐热纤维素酶具有广泛的应用前景,本研究室在利.用大肠杆菌表达来自Pyrococcus horikoshii的极端耐热β-1,4-内切纤维素酶基础上,建立了包括热处理、DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子层析的纯化工艺,分离纯化获得单一组分的重组极端耐热β-1,4-内切纤维素酶(EGPh),SDS-PAGE测定该酶纯度大于90%,以CMC-Na为底物,DNS法测定比活22.3 U/mg,活性收率为73.3%,纯化倍数为45倍.酶学性质研究表明,该酶的分子量为43 KD,等电点(PI)为5.3,催化CMC-Na最适反应温度为95℃,最适反应pH为6.0,Km值为3.61±0.26 mg/ml.酶学稳定性研究表明EGPh在pH4.0～9.0、温度85℃下稳定.纯化的EGPh表现了极好的热稳定性,95℃时半衰期为8 h.     

重组毕赤酵母产匍枝根霉内切葡聚糖酶Ⅱ的分离纯化及其酶学性质研究

将来源于匍枝根霉的endoglucanase Ⅱ(egⅡ)在毕赤酵母中实现异源表达,对构建完成的重组毕赤酵母进行高密度发酵,制备目标酶蛋白．发酵液经 Ni 柱分离纯化,得到分子量大小约为38 kDa,比酶活为37．8 IU/mg的蛋白．酶学性质研究表明：该酶最适反应温度为55℃,最适反应 pH 为4．8;Mn2＋、Zn2＋、Fe2＋对egⅡ的酶活力有一定的激活作用,Cu2＋对egⅡ酶活有抑制作用,Mg2＋、Co2＋、Na＋和K＋等离子对该酶的催化活力没有明显影响;该酶以CMC-Na为底物时其反应米氏常数为2．04 mg/ml．     

痤疮丙酸杆菌亚油酸异构酶的克隆表达 及酶学性质研究

为了研究使用生物酶法制备共轭亚油酸的可行性,笔者对痤疮丙酸杆菌亚油酸异构酶进行了异源表达和理化性质研究。根据大肠杆菌偏好密码子,优化了来源于痤疮丙酸杆菌亚油酸异构酶(PAI)的基因(pai),将克隆的基因在BL21(DE3)中进行表达,纯化目的蛋白,获得重组PAI蛋白。SDS-PAGE结果显示,重组PAI分子质量为48 ku,重组蛋白主要以包涵体沉淀的形式存在。经测定重组PAI在35 ℃、pH 7.0时酶活最高,比酶活为752.3 μmol/(min·mg)。经35 ℃保温2 h,酶活保持90%以上,pH 为6.5～7.0时,PAI具有较好的稳定性,Mn²⁺和Zn²⁺对酶活力分别有22.4%和15.8%的抑制作用,以亚油酸为底物时该酶的K_m值为1.13 mmol/L, k_cat为4.67 s^-1。相关分析表明,痤疮丙酸杆菌亚油酸异构酶性质优良,适合以亚油酸为底物生物催化制备共轭亚油酸。     

新型Ⅰ型普鲁兰酶基因的克隆表达及酶学性质

【目的】筛选并克隆表达高酶活且具有一定热稳定性的新型普鲁兰酶。【方法】克隆Tumebacillus flagellatus GST4的普鲁兰酶基因pulB,构建重组质粒后转化宿主菌大肠杆菌进行诱导表达,再运用亲和层析进行纯化并分析其酶学性质和结构。【结果】pulB在大肠杆菌中实现可溶性表达,发酵液上清酶活力达到78U/mL,粗酶液经纯化后比活力为258U/mg。重组酶PulB最适反应温度和pH值分别为55℃和5.0,在较窄的酸性范围内(pH值4.5~5.5)酶活力比较稳定;对普鲁兰糖的Km=(16.28±0.03)mg/mL,Vmax=(22.05±0.02)μmol·min-1·mg-1。PulB的DNA序列与GenBank数据库里的任何序列都没有同源性,在蛋白质序列上,由基因pulB编码的氨基酸序列与T.aegyptius的环麦芽糖糊精酶相似性最高,BlastX比对的Identities为54%,Positives为69%,SMART结构预测分析发现,pulB具有淀粉酶的结构域。底物特异性分析表明,它可水解普鲁兰糖和支链淀粉生成线性的低聚糖或麦芽三糖。【结论】重组酶PulB是尚未报道的新型普鲁兰酶,它可水解普鲁兰糖和支链淀粉,属Ⅰ型普鲁兰酶。     

两个苹果酸酶的表达和酶学性质分析

为了探讨深黄被孢霉M6-22中不同苹果酸酶的性质,研究从深黄被孢霉M6-22中克隆得到苹果酸酶MIME1基因并在大肠杆菌BL21中诱导表达,经镍柱纯化和酶活分析表明所纯化蛋白能催化苹果酸脱羧生成丙酮酸和NADPH,具有苹果酸酶的特性.同时与前期获得的MIME2进行酶学性质分析.结果显示,重组表达的MIME1和MIME2都具有苹果酸酶的性质,但MIME1的最适温度和最适pH分别为28℃和7.5,MIME2的最适温度和最适pH分别为30℃和5.8,而且在最适温度和最适pH条件下所纯化的MIME1和MIME2酶活分别为292.84 U/mg和235.14 U/mg.进一步酶学性质分析表明,Mg~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Zn ~(2+)可以提高MIME1的活性,其中Cu~(2+)激活作用最为明显,而EDTA、Ca~(2+)、Mn~(2+)对MIME1的活性则有抑制作用;Mn~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Co~(2+)和Ca~(2+)对MIME2表现出不同程度的激活作用,其中Mn~(2+)激活作用最为明显,而EDTA、Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)则对MIME2的酶活表现出明显的抑制作用.这些分析结果表明,同一种细胞中不同的苹果酸酶具有不同的酶学性质,这可能与它们执行不同的生物学功能有关.通过异源表达和分离纯化,研究初步揭示了2个深黄被孢霉M6-22苹果酸酶的一些酶学性质特点,这为以后深入研究该苹果酸酶结构和功能以及与M6-22菌株油脂积累的关系提供了理论依据和参考.     

重组E.coli L-天冬酰胺酶的克隆及表达与纯化

以大肠杆菌菌株(E.coli AS 1.357)基因组为模板,PCR扩增L-天门冬酰胺酶Ⅱ基因(ans B),构建p MD18-Tans B重组克隆载体和p ET-22b-ans B重组表达载体,转化大肠杆菌BL21宿主菌株,重组工程菌经IPTG诱导表达Ans B蛋白,利用重组His-tag,通过Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化Ans B蛋白,利用SDS-PAGE定性分析Ans B蛋白,考马斯亮蓝法测定Ans B蛋白含量,获得纯化的质量浓度为62.7 mg/L的Ans B表达蛋白。重组L-天门冬酰胺酶的纯化收率为42.28%,酶活达137 IU/m L,较原始菌株的(6.87 IU/m L)提高近20倍,并排除大肠杆菌自身L-天门冬酰胺酶本底表达背景。     

耐热α-淀粉酶的筛选、基因克隆和酶学性质分析

【目的】筛选耐热α-淀粉酶并实现异源表达,同时分析其酶学性质特征。【方法】以M9培养基加上可溶性淀粉作为选择性分离培养基,从腾冲火山温泉土壤中筛选到产淀粉酶的菌株Anoxybacillus sp.GXS-3。根据淀粉酶氨基酸保守序列,设计引物进行PCR扩增,然后对目标序列进行步移扩增,获得淀粉酶基因AmyGX。将AmyGX与表达载体pQE30连接,导入大肠杆菌M15中表达,对重组酶进行分离纯化和酶学性质分析。【结果】AmyGX基因长1 515 bp,编码505个氨基酸残基,前23个氨基酸残基为信号肽序列;重组质粒pQE30-AmyGX编码的蛋白分子量为58.04kDa,对可溶性淀粉催化水解反应的最适温度为60℃,最适pH值为8.0,V_(max)、K_m值分别为0.19U/mg、3.14mg/mL,热半失活温度T_(50)~(30)值为65.2℃;Zn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Fe~(3+)、Ba~(2+)对该酶具有明显的抑制作用,Na~+、K~+对该酶有激活作用,Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)的影响则不明显。【结论】AmyGX是一种中等耐温碱性酶,在造纸、洗涤剂生产和有毒废弃物去除等方面具有潜在的应用前景。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that