普通话音节的几个问题

本文讨论的是如下几个问题:(1)普通话有多少音节。(2)普通话音节同汉字的关系。(3)《汉语拼音方案》规定的隔音符号使用原则的问题。一先看下列引文:北京语音的“‘音节’约计四百个,如果音节带上‘声调’,也不过一千二百多个。”①“普通话21个声母和39个韵母按照配合规律,可以拼出418个音节;如果加上四个声调的配合和轻声,可以调配出1332个音节。”②普通话音节有一千二百多还是有一千三百多,就看怎样认识轻声的性质:如果认为轻声     

试评几部现代汉语教材中的音节结构表

目前大专院校文科采用的现代汉语教材,无论体系如何,对音节都辟有专门的章节进行阐述。但是,由于教材中普通话音节结构分析部分存在某些不够完善和不够明确的地方,而给音节分析的教学造成某些困难。现把国内几种发行量较大的现代汉语教材中的音节结构分析表分列如下。     

榕江方言与普通话的差别及辨证

榕江位于贵州省黔东南州的东南部，按现代汉语方言划分的区域，榕江方言属于北方方言的西南方言。但由于受当地方音上语的影响，与普通话相比较，差别很大。其差别主要表现在声母、韵母两个方面。一、声母榕江方言声母与普通话声母之间存在着较大差异。其主要是几组声母相混的问题。因而榕江人要学好普通话，必须把握好两者之间的对应规律，并寻求有效方法加以辨证。（一）声母的对应特点1、检江方言一般没有以山、oh、山为声母的音节，普通话里以出、Ch、北为声母的音节，格江方言对应归并到以z、c、s为声母的音节去了。2格江方言h一般不…     

对普通话音节数量及其相关问题的思考

通过对比可以看到,不同的著作在对普通话音节数量的统计数字上存在较大的分歧,而要理清这一问题,首先要把"音节"、"音节形式"两个概念区分开;同时还要廓清对"轻声"的认识。由于受方言音、古音和又音的影响。普通话音节的数量在不同时期并不是一成不变的,但就当下看,表述为1200多个是较为合理的。     

普通话水平测试基础语音层次的审音要求

普通话水平测试是一项对应试者运用普通话所达到的标准程度的检测和评定,测试一律采用口试方式进行①。这项工作主要通过普通话测评员对应试者普通话读说能力进行判断分析作出相应的等级评价。基础语音层次指普通话水平测试的前两项内容即：单音节字词、双音节词语的朗读。主要考察应试者普通话声母、韵母、声调的发音以及双音节词语中音变规律的掌握情况。它们在普通话水平测试过程中处在前沿位置,因而会给测评员留下比较深刻的印象,而从心理学的角度讲,第一印象对于主观性考核是非常重要的。就审音角度而言,越是基础语音层次审音要求越高——这就是普通话水平测试中基础语音层次的审音要求。     

藏文音节七元组类型分析研究

在藏文信息处理中,实现藏文字符排序的关键在于准确地判断藏文音节,而藏文音节判定的关键是对音节构件的识别.文章在借鉴藏文传统语法理论的基础上,结合现代语言学、计算机理论和统计学等知识,介绍了藏文音节的组合形式与特征,规则等问题,以藏文国际标准编码体系为依据,根据音节组件的约束关系,分析了藏文音节七元组的组合规则与类型,有利于藏文音节字符构件的研究和七元组类型的分析、识别与处理.     

谈普通话音节结构分析

普通话音节结构的分析方法，采取结构——音素法，首先是正确判断声母和韵母，再则是掌握普通话音节结构特点，三是遵循还原音素原则。同时具备较强的记忆能力、敏锐的观察能力及实践能力。     

基于小数据量的方言普通话语音识别声学建模

为在少量数据情况下显著提高方言普通话的识别率,针对标准普通话和方言普通话之间发音差异是连续变化的特点,在少量方言普通话的基础上,提出了基于距离度量的识别基元扩展方法,并将扩展基元与状态相关的基于基元的模型归并方法相结合.采用1 h的上海普通话数据作为开发集,用本方法,使音节错误率降低了17.3%. 另外与自适应方法的结合使用,还可以将音节错误率再降低6.6%, 这比单纯应用自适应方法错误率多降低了5.4%.     

藏汉连读音变比较——以现代拉萨话和普通话为例

文章以现代拉萨话和普通话为例,比较了藏汉两种语言在连读中产生的不同形式的音变,主要表现在声调、元音、辅音、音节合并等方面。文章认为,这些音变和藏、汉音节各自的结构特点有关,并具有约定俗成性质。     

武鸣县城官话词汇与普通话词汇比较

文章把武鸣县城官话与普通话词汇进行比较，得出武鸣县城官话词汇和普通话词汇之间存在的音节、构词、意义、功能、来源等方面的差异。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with