顾及下垫面特征的海坛岛近地面风场模拟

近地面风场模拟,目前多直接利用实测风速数据进行插值,其模拟结果不能反映地形特征对近地面风速的影响.综合考虑海拔高度、坡向、坡位等地形特征对风速的影响,提出了提高风场插值精度的方法:利用2013年10月份海坛岛离地2 m高风速实测数据进行反距离加权插值;基于数字高程模型数据,根据风速换算的指数律公式进行海拔高度的风速修订;对起伏地形区域,依据地形划分结果和不同的坡向、坡位条件进行水平方向的风速修订.对比风场修订前后结果,用本方法模拟的风场比直接内插的风场更接近实际风场分布,地形特征导致的风速分异得到了体现.     

应用WRF模型模拟分析风力发电场风速

风能的规划和设计中需要比较准确地确定所选厂址区域的风力资源分布,要有先进而准确的分析手段.论文选用美国WRF中尺度模式,分别选用4种不同的陆面过程方案（SLAB、Noah、RUC和Pleim-Xiu）,对2008年6月16日08：00至6月23日08：00（北京时间）贵州乌江源地区某风电场区域进行水平分辨率1,km的数值模拟,对比分析了近地面风场以及4种陆面过程对模拟结果的影响.结果发现：WRF模式较好地模拟出了该区域近地面风场的变化特征.Noah方案模拟的风速最大值与实际测站的风速最大值较接近;SLAB方案与Noah方案模拟的7,d的风功率密度更接近实际测站的风功率密度.可见,WRF模式能够较好地反映该区域的近地面风场情况,且模拟结果受到地形及地表粗糙度的影响较大.     

飞机测风资料在大气边界层研究中的应用

利用飞机和风廓线雷达2009年8月至2010年6月的连续观测资料, 讨论上海地区飞机测风资料在大气边界层风场研究中的适用性, 探究造成飞机资料偏差的可能原因并给出初步的修正方法。结果表明: 与风廓线雷达观测结果相比, 飞机观测得到的水平风速偏小, 这主要与仪器系统偏差有关; 在300 m高度以下, 1500 m高度以上, 以及气温低于-8℃, 风速小于1 m/s的低温小风情况下, 飞机观测得到水平风速的差异显著增大, 在这些条件下飞机对大气风场的探测具有局限性。用修正后的风速资料分析上海地区低层大气的风场结构, 得到的结果符合风场的一般变化规律。     

台风随机模拟与极值风速预测应用

采用Monte-Carlo台风风场随机模型，结合台风历史记录资料和近地台风观测结果，对上海周边沿海区域内的台风风场参数合理取值进行了优化．以越界峰值法和广义№分布探讨了工程场地目标重现期内极值风速预测分析过程，使在较短台风风速序列上进行极值风速预测成为可能．而后，将上述理论与方法应用于上海-崇明越江通道工程极值风环境研究，预测了台风气候模式工程场地重现期极值风速结果，并与实测结果和规范进行了对比。     

一种基于联合风场的海洋工程环境设计波要素方法

介绍一种基于联合风场的海洋工程环境设计波要素计算方法,该方法可以解决海洋工程区域缺少风速和波浪实测的问题。该方法提出使用NCEP/NCAR再分析风场与Jelesnianski台风模型风场结合的联合风场,避免了再分析风场对台风期间风速的低估和细节刻画不准确问题。该方法采用SWAN海浪模式,成功计算了福建东洛岛一深海养殖平台的设计波要素,得到了该养殖平台50年一遇的最大波高为7.14m,并提出该平台最危险的位置是其西南角。     

雷暴冲击风作用下地面风压分布特征

提出了雷暴冲击风作用下地面风压分布的简便计算公式.以圆柱体计算流域模拟雷暴冲击风场,采用大涡模拟(LES)方法结合壁面射流模型对雷暴冲击风场进行了数值模拟,获得了雷暴冲击风从初始喷射到流场稳定的发展过程.射流前沿有一水平涡环,随着时间的推移而冲向地面,然后沿径向远离中心而去.分析得到了雷暴冲击风作用下地面的风压系数时程和时均风压系数,以及不同时刻的风速剖面.风速剖面与理论结果吻合良好,验证了方法的可靠性.仿真结果表明,雷暴冲击风场中心处压力系数最大,压力系数随着径向坐标的增大而减小,提出的公式能够很好地表达雷暴冲击风作用下地面处风压的分布特征.     

大气扩散应急预报的风场不确定性影响研究

使用WRF模式和CALMET模式, 获得一个40 km区域的细网格气象预报场, 同时利用加入地面观测资料的方法获得当地诊断风场。用随机粒子扩散模式模拟两种风场驱动下的扩散结果, 并比较和评估预报模拟的偏差或不确定性。对 4个季节的代表性月份(1, 4, 7和10月)的逐时排放情况以及4个排放高度的情景进行模拟分析。结果表明: 1) 预报模拟的烟云扩散形态(方向和宽度等)在当地大多数时段内(约占全年的80%)与诊断分析的实际扩散结果一致, 且季节变化不大, 其余时段为扩散形态有中度偏差和有明显差异的情况,二者各占10%左右; 2) 地面轴线浓度的不确定性随下风距离及污染排放高度而变化, 20~100 m各高度的排放结果大致在2~4 km的下风距离出现最大偏差, 但100 m的高源排放在约2 km以内的范围也有很大的预报不确定性; 3) 两种情况造成当地扩散预报结果的明显偏差, 一是气象场预报的局地风场发生重要转变的时间不一致, 使预报风场与实际风场处于转变前后的不同步状态, 从而使污染扩散预报结果出现重大偏差, 二是WRF模式对地面风速的预报系统性地偏大(50%左右), 造成预报模拟浓度结果系统性地偏小。     

环台湾岛海域海面风场的计算及其对温跃层的影响

给出了环台湾岛海域的海表风场计算方法和海表风应力的参数化.在此基础上,把该研究海域分为4个区域,用对比的方法分析由POM模式所得到的数值结果,讨论了海表风应力对该海域不同类型温跃层的具体影响.主要结果如下(a)海表风应力是影响温跃层的动力因子,对季节性温跃层的深度和强度均有重大影响,但对大洋温跃层的影响不大.(b)因为用数值计算的海面风场与实际风场误差不大,故可以用计算所得的风场来代表实际风场作实验对比分析.(c)海表风应力较小时有利于温跃层的发展加强,风应力较大时温跃层将减弱消失.     

台风影响下渤海及邻域海面风场演变过程的MM5模拟分析

在装有Linux操作系统的PC机上运行美国大气研究中心（NCAR）的非静力中尺度大气模式MM5,运用MM5的嵌套功能,以30km水平分辨率对台风KAI－TAK（2000年第4号）影响渤海海区的时段进行数值模拟,同时给出了水平分辨率为10km的嵌套区内还时的渤海海面风场,通过对台风中心位置,中心气压,风速分布与雨区分布等要素的模拟结果与实况的比较,证实该实验对台风过程的模拟较为成功,嵌套区内渤海海面风场也明显体现出了地形影响的特征,并尝试以T106格点资料的三维客观分析场结合主空及地面观测为模式提供初值场,6h／次预报场为模式提 变边界条件,对渤海海面风场进行了24h时预报。     

兰州附近地区地面风场的数值模拟实验

本文用一个考虑了小尺度地形和摩擦作用的一层原始方程模式计算兰州附近地区地面风场.将计算结果与实测风比较表明.该模式能模拟出复杂地形条件下地面风场的基本特征.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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