α,β-不饱和醛的选择催化加氢

在无水乙醇介质中制备了硼化镍催化剂(P-2.00-Ni)。用该催化剂对α,β-不饱和醛的常压催化加氢的选择性进行了研究。实验发现P-2.00-Ni催化剂对α,β-烯键有较高的选择性和活性。     

一些新叔醇化合物的合成

我们根据文献制备了P-2.00-Ni催化剂,对一系列α,β-不饱和醛、酮、酯等化合物进行选择性催化还原。发现该催化剂对共轭碳碳双键具有很高的选择性,一般在90％以上。在这一工作的基础上,再利用饱和酮通过格氏反应,可合成七个新的叔醇化合物。 1 α,β-不饱和酮的合成 合成的α,β-不饱和酮有2-甲基丙烯基,苯乙烯基乙基酮,2-亚环戊基环戊     

水溶性钌-钯双金属催化剂催化卤代芳香硝基化合物选择性加氢

考察了水溶性Ru／Pd—TPPTS双金属催化剂催化卤代芳香硝基化合物的加氢性能．实验结果表明，在原位合成的Ru—TPPTS催化体系中添加PdCl2后，催化剂的活性明显提高，尤其是0．50Ru／0．50Pd—TPPTS双金属催化剂表现出显著的钌和钯之间的双金属协同效应．在PB2=1．0MPa，70℃，反应70min的条件下，双金属催化剂0．50Ru／0．50Pd—TPPTS催化对-氯硝基苯中硝基选择性加氢反应时转化率达到100％，生成对-氯苯胺选择性为92．3％．对于取代基和取代位置不同的一些卤代硝基苯加氢，双金属催化剂0．50Ru／0．50Pd—TPPTS也表现出很高的催化活性和较高的生成卤代苯胺选择性．     

两相体系中钌膦配合物催化3-丁烯-2-酮加氢反应的研究

含水溶性配体的过渡金属络合物催化剂由于能简便有效地与反应产物分离,近年来在两相催化体系中的应用与研究获得了迅速的发展．膦配体ＴＰＰＴＳ（三间磺酸钠一三苯基磷）由于水溶性特别大,它与过渡金属生成的络合物催化剂近年来在两相催化体系中的研究与应用尤为活跃［１～４］．我们曾先后研究报道了ＴＰＰＴＳ与ＲｕＣｌ３原位反应生成的催化活性物种及它们的配合物衍生出的催化活性物种对α,β－不饱和醛［５］和ａ,β－不饱和酮［６～７］在水及有机构组成的两相催化体系中的加氢反应性能．现以配合物ＲｕＣ１２（ＴＰＰＴＳ）３作…     

水溶性钌络合物催化卤代芳香硝基化合物选择性加氢的研究

研究了水／有机两相催化体系中，水溶性钌络合物催化剂AC—1催化卤代芳香硝基化合物中硝基的选择性加氢反应．以对—氯硝基苯为底物，考察了表面活性剂种类及浓度、反应温度、氢压、催化剂浓度和反应时间等对反应转化率和选择性的影响．实验结果表明，阳离子表面活性剂对反应有明显的影响，其中以添加十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)效果最好．当反应条件为90℃，氢压4．0MPa时，反应5h，对-氯硝基苯转化率可达100％，生成对—氯苯胺的选择性可达99．9％．该催化体系对其它卤代芳香硝基化合物的选择性加氢也具有很高的活性和选择性。     

L-脯氨酸/K2CO3催化的Claisen-Schmidt 反应研究

Claisen-Schmidt反应是制备α,β-不饱和酮的重要方法,温和而高选择性的反应是一个有机化学中的难点问题.本文以L-脯氨酸为催化剂,以环己酮和苯甲醛的Claisen-Schmidt缩合反应为模型,对反应条件进行了考察,通过氨基酸、碱及反应溶剂进行了反应筛选和优化.结果表明,L-脯氨酸/K_2CO_3能高选择性地催化合成α,β-不饱和酮,避免了双缩合产物.在20 mol%的脯氨酸和K_2CO_3参与下,以DMSO为反应溶剂,反应效果最佳,产率74%.同时,该催化体系下,环己酮与其他芳香醛也高效高选择性地实现缩合反应,产率74~93%.     

负载型铂基催化剂在肉桂醛选择加氢中的研究进展

肉桂醛作为一种典型的α, β-不饱和醛,其选择加氢常被用作模型反应来研究催化剂的构效关系.然而,如何获得兼具高活性及高选择性的催化剂具有很大的挑战.铂基催化剂由于具有较高的活性常被用作肉桂醛选择加氢的催化剂,但是,传统方法制备的负载型单金属铂基催化剂,无论是对C=C双键加氢还是C=O双键选择性均不高.近年来,研究人员从电子效应、协同效应以及空间效应等出发,设计合成了一系列高性能负载型铂基催化剂用于肉桂醛的选择加氢.本文将对近3年负载型铂基催化剂在肉桂醛选择加氢中的进展进行归纳和总结,并对催化剂的构效关系进行分析和梳理,希望为进一步合理设计高催化性能的铂基催化剂提供一些借鉴.     

钯碳催化剂在硝基还原和碳碳双键加氢反应中的应用

对常温常压下钯碳催化剂在精细有机合成中的硝基还原和碳碳双键加氢两大类加氢反应进行了初步的探索，２－氯－６－硝基甲苯在钯碳催化剂存在下催化还原，除目的产物外，不生成脱氯副产物。这是一个连串反应，控制反应条件可获得较高的反应选择性。     

不对称催化亲电氟化反应研究进展

在有机氟化学领域中,α-氟代羰基化合物具有特异的生物活性,在有机合成中也可以作为合成砌块,其合成方法学的研究是目前研究的热点和难点之一.不对称亲电氟代反应是直接构建α-氟代羰基骨架的有效方法,主要用到的催化剂包括钌、铜、钪为催化中心的金属催化剂和奎宁、手性有机磷酸为主的有机小分子催化剂.介绍了最近催化对映体选择性亲电氟化反应领域研究情况.     

Ru/C催化丙三醇选择加氢制取1, 2-丙二醇和乙二醇

由可再生能源替代石油合成化工原料越来越受到研究者的重视。其中甘油高压加氢合成1,2-丙二醇和乙二醇能够替代石油为原料的丙烯、乙烯合成C2、C3多元醇制备工艺。活性炭负载钌催化剂能够显著催化甘油加氢反应,产物中高附加值的1,2-丙二醇和乙二醇的选择性超过60%。钌的负载量、反应温度、反应时间、氢气压力等条件对催化反应性能具有重要的影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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