基于K-Means和Apriori算法的多层特征提取方法

根据科技文献的结构特点,论文提出了一种四层挖掘模式,并结合K-means算法和Apriori算法,构建一个新的特征词提取方法——MultiLM-FE方法.该方法首先依据科技文献的结构将其分为4个层次,然后通过K-means聚类对前3层逐层实现特征词提取,最后再使用Aprori算法找出4层的最大频繁项集,并作为4层的特征词集合.该方法能够解决K-means算法不能自动确定最佳聚类初始点的问题,减少了聚类过程中信息损耗,这使得该方法能够在文献语料库中更加准确地找到特征词,较之以前的方法有很大提升,尤其是在科技文献方面更为适用.实验结果表明,该方法是可行有效的.     

基于空间分布优选初始聚类中心的改进K-均值聚类算法

针对海量数据聚类过程中,经典的K-均值聚类算法对其K个初始聚类中心点的选择以及数据集噪声十分敏感的问题,提出了一种针对海量数据考虑初始聚类中心点选择的聚类算法.该算法首先采用冒泡排序法对数据集进行排序,获取数据集的各维中心值组成第一个初始聚类中心点.其次,通过计算与第一个初始聚类中心点的欧式距离,对剩余候选初始聚类中心点进行优化选择,保证所有的聚类中心点均匀地分布在数据集密度较大的空间上,以此减少聚类过程中的迭代次数和提高聚类算法效率.最后,基于UCI(University of California,Irvine)中多个数据集,进行聚类算法对比实验.结果表明,在不降低聚类效果的前提下,该聚类算法的迭代次数平均降低到50％,所需的时间降低平均达10％,由实验结果还能推出,当点集的数目越多时,该算法就能表现出越明显的聚类优势效果.     

基于密度的改进聚类算法比较

针对传统K-means算法的聚类结果依赖初始聚类中心的缺陷,提出了一种基于密度的改进K-means聚类算法,该算法选择位于数据集样本密集区且相距较远的数据对象作为初始聚类中心,实现K-means聚类。针对PAM算法时间复杂度高,且不利于大数据集处理的缺陷,提出了一种基于密度的改进K-medoids聚类算法,在选取初始中心点时根据数据集样本的分布特征选取,使得初始中心点位于不同类簇。UCI机器学习数据库数据集和随机生成的带有噪音点的人工模拟数据集的实验测试证明,基于密度的改进K-means算法和基于密度的改进Kmedoids算法都具有很好的聚类效果,运行时间短,收敛速度快,有抗噪性能。     

基于文本最小相似度的中心选取方法

基于划分的聚类算法是一种局部最优算法.聚类初始中心的选择对该聚类算法的收敛速度和聚类的性能都有很大的影响.初始中心点应该选择来自不同的类并且初始中心点文本之间的相似度应尽量小,为此提出了一种新的基于最小相似度的中心选取方法,该方法选择相似度最小的两个样本分别作为初始的两个中心,然后依次选择到已知中心相似度最小的样本作为其他类的中心.实验表明该方法能够选出来自不同类的样本作为聚类的初始中心,同其他初始中心选择方法比较,聚类算法的性能有明显提高.     

最大判别特征选择算法在文本分类的优化研究

采用朴素贝叶斯分类器进行文本分类时,特征选择方法的好坏直接影响到分类器的性能.本文提出一种最大判别(MD)特征选择算法,由训练得到N个类的概率分布后,通过对样本进行测试并得到其特征向量d中每个特征词区分类别的能力,并构造出了一个新的特征向量ε用于分类,使得从中选取的部分特征词具有最大的类别区分能力.仿真结果表明,与cMFD,CSFS和CMFS三种特征选择算法相比,MD特征选择算法能在选取较少特征词情况下,获得更高的分类精度.     

基于方差优化谱聚类的热点区域挖掘算法

为改善交通拥堵的情况,本文利用聚类分析方法对移动轨迹数据进行挖掘,识别居民出行的热点区域。传统的Ng-Jordan-Weiss （NJW）谱聚类算法常使用K-means聚类算法来实现最后的聚类操作,然而K-means聚类算法存在对初始值敏感、容易陷入局部最优的缺陷,影响对热点区域的挖掘结果。因此,本研究将方差优化初始中心的K-medoids聚类算法运用到谱聚类算法最后聚类阶段,提出基于方差优化谱聚类的热点区域挖掘算法（Hot Region Mining algorithm based on improved K-medoids Spectral Clustering,HRM-KSC）,然后在真实的轨迹数据集上进行试验。试验结果发现,HRM-KSC算法聚类结果的轮廓系数更高,表明HRM-KSC算法改善了NJW谱聚类算法,提高了聚类质量。     

基于局部与全局信息的自动文摘算法

采用平均特征词频率策略计算特征词权重,用快速n-grims算法对各特征词所处的概念体进行加权,用一种改进的K-means聚类算法进行段落聚类,提出一种基于局部与全局信息的自动文摘算法并给出算法评估.该算法不仅能够自适应获得k值,而且有效防止了初始点的随机选择对聚类结果的影响.评测结果表明该算法对经济类和科技类文章的准确率和召回率都明显高于新闻类和文学类文章,利用机器文摘进行分类的准确率明显高于使用原文本进行分类.该算法所得到的文摘,在各项指标上都优于传统方法生成的文摘.     

采用八方向Gabor滤波的指纹识别算法

采用指纹增强算法与复滤波器中心点定位结合的方法,有效地解决低质量指纹图像中心点定位问题,实现了平移不变.同时,采用基于结构的指纹特征提取算法,用八方向Gabor滤波提取指纹的全局特征和局部脊线特征,实现了旋转不变.在FVC2004指纹库上的仿真实验表明:该算法取得较好的识别效果,优于基于单Finger Code特征和基于点模式的指纹识别算法.     

一种改进禁忌搜索的K-medoids聚类算法

针对传统K-medoids聚类算法初始聚类中心随机选择、聚类精度不高、全局搜索能力较差以及禁忌搜索算法对初始值随机选取等问题,提出了一种粒计算与最大距离积法相结合的初始化禁忌搜索初始值算法,将改进后的禁忌搜索算法用来优化K-medoids,以提高聚类算法的性能。通过仿真试验论证了该算法具有较高的效率和准确率以及较强的稳定性。     

基于影响空间的初始中心点优化K-means聚类算法

针对K-means聚类算法依赖初始点、聚类结果受初始点的选取影响较大的缺陷,给出了一种稳定的基于影响空间的初始点优化K-means聚类算法。该算法借助了影响空间数据结构和定义的加权距离吸引因子,将特殊中心点合并为K个微簇,并对微簇中的数据点加权平均得到K个初始中心点,然后执行K-means算法;最后,理论分析和实验结果表明,该初始点优化K-means聚类算法能够有效降低噪声数据对聚类结果的影响,在聚类结果、聚类过程效率方面有较大优势。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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