氢对Ti_3Al基合金组织和性能的影响

本文研究了６００℃气相充氢对Ｔｉ３Ａｌ基合金组织和性能的影响，实验结果表明：气相充氢过程受氢在合金中的扩散过程所控制，而且是可逆的．在充氢过程中形成的氢化物Ｔｉ３ＡｌＨ在充氢温度下极易分解．在弯曲实验中，充氢后的Ｔｉ３Ａｌ基合金的最大抗弯强度和最大挠度值均随氢浓度增加而显著降低．断口形貌表明，氢在晶格中固溶和裂纹在氢化物Ｔｉ３ＡｌＨ（１１１）晶面上的缺陷处形成是导致合金机械性能降低的主要因素     

氢对Ti3Al基合金组合和性能的影响

本文研究了６００℃气相充氢对Ｔｉ３Ａｌ基合金组织和性能的影响，实验结果表明：气相充氢过程受氢在合金中的扩散过程所控制，而且是可逆的，在充氢过程中形成的氢化物Ｔｉ３ＡｌＨ在充氢温度下极易分解，在弯曲实验中，充氢后的Ｔｉ３Ａｌ基合金的最大抗弯强度和最大挠度值均随浓度增加而显著降低，断口形貌表明，氢在晶格中固溶和裂纹在氢化物Ｔｉ３ＡＨ（１１１）晶面缺陷处形成是导致合金机械性能降低的主要因素。     

氢对镍基合金Inconel Alloy600力学性能的影响

通过建立一套电化学充氢和可扩散氢含量测量装置,对镍基合金Inconel Alloy 600(600合金)板试样充氢后进行常温拉伸试验,研究了600合金在充氢前后力学性能的变化及其与氢含量的关系.结果表明:材料在充氢后塑性有一定的减损,且减损的程度随着平均氢浓度的增加而增加,当充入试样中的平均氢质量分数大于10×10-6时,相对断面收缩率达到10％以上,达到氢损伤范畴.此外氢进入600合金还使材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度和弹性模量也降低.扫描电镜(SEM)测试表明:充氢前后试样断口的表层由韧性断裂变为由氢导致的沿晶脆性断裂.     

贮氢合金高频熔炼装置及熔炼工艺的研究

根据实验室条件，对原有的高频感应加热设备进行了改造，使之可一次进行１５ｇ左右镍－稀土系列贮氢合金的真空和充氩气熔炼。并以ＬａＮｉ＿５为主要研究对象，通过对加热电压、时间等熔炼工艺及原材料配比进行的研究，表明只有严格控制力。热电压及加热时间，才能获得外观成形良好、内部成分均匀的合金，并确定了真空熔炼及充氦气熔炼的最佳工艺。通过比较当真空度在１０￣（－４）Ｔｏｒｒ以上时，真空熔炼比充氩气熔炼更易获得高质量的合金，进行了吸放氢试验、合金结构分析及相图分析，确定了本研究中所用金属钢在合金配方中的最佳加入量为３３．１％，所熔炼的ＬａＮｉ＿５合金纯度较高、贮氢性能良好。     

合金凝固组织对氢扩散和MH电极性能的影响

用电位阶跃法和恒电流充放电法研究了贮氢合金凝固组织中的氢扩散行为和合金氢化物（ＭＨ）电极放电的速度特性．研究表明：合金ＭＬＮｉ３．４５（ＣｏＭｎＴｉ）１．５５的各凝固组织中氢扩散系数及合金的电极性能均明显不同，随合金凝固时冷却速度增大，氢扩散系数和晶胞体积减小；合金电极的高倍率放电率主要取决于氢在合金中的扩散速度和电极表面的电催化活性．定向凝固组织具有良好的放电速度特性与其凝固组织中存在Ｎｉ的析出相关系密切．     

氢在无序态和有序态Ni3Fe合金中的扩散行为

采用电解渗氢的方法研究室温下氢在无序态和有序态Ni₃Fe合金中的扩散行为.研究结果表明,在相同渗氢温度下,渗氢后的Ni₃Fe合金的延伸率随渗氢时间的增加而降低,拉伸断口上的沿晶断裂区(IG)的深度随渗氢时间的增加而增加;在相同渗氢时间下,合金拉伸断口上的沿晶断裂区的深度随渗氢温度的增加而增加.沿晶脆性断裂区的深度与渗氢温度和时间的关系符合菲克扩散方程的解.时间滞后法计算结果表明,氢在无序态Ni₃Fe合金中的表观扩散系数高于在有序态合金中的表观扩散系数.氢在无序态和有序态Ni₃Fe合金中的扩散激活能分别为44.9 kJ/mol和29.5 kJ/mol.     

Pt－Rh合金电极上气体物质析出反应动力学

采用极化测量的方法，在０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４溶液中，对Ｐｔ－Ｒｈ合金电极上电化学析氢、析氧反应动力学进行了系统的研究，确定了反应动力学参数．实验结果表明，对于析氢反应．合金的组成及温度的变化对反应速度影响很小．而对于析氧反应．Ｐｔ－Ｒｈ合金当中Ｒｈ含量的增加可导致反应速度加快；提高温度明显地加快反应速度．     

四元镧系吸氢合金的制备与性质研究

用共沉淀还原扩散法成功地制备了新的镧系吸氢合金ＬａＮｉ４Ｃｕ１－ｘＭｎｘ（ｘ＝０．２５，０．５，０．７５），对合金进行了ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ、吸氢测试和热力学研究，结果表明，这些合金易活化，吸氢容量较高，其氢化物的稳定性与合金的晶胞体积之间存在线性关系，这种关系对预测氢化物稳定性有一定的指导意义。     

氢对 SAF2205 钢低温塑性的损伤行为

采用慢速拉伸方法研究了－１９６～２０℃温度范围内，氢对ＳＡＦ２２０５双相不锈钢力学性能的损伤作用．结果表明：氢使塑性明显降低，在－５０℃时达到极大值；温度下降和变形将促进马氏体转变，致使钢的低温强度和延性有所增加；氢致脆化现象与氢的扩散行为及马氏体转变行为有关．     

Nb对氢在Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo合金中扩散行为的作用

采用电化学氢渗透方法研究氢原子在Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo和Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo-0.5Nb合金中的扩散行为,分析了0.5%Nb(质量分数,下同)对氢原子在Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo合金中扩散行为的作用.研究结果表明:当在Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo合金中添加0.5%Nb后,合金的晶粒得到细化,同时合金中析出大量弥散分布的细小Fe₂Nb相.0.5%Nb的添加大幅度降低了氢原子在Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo合金中的表观扩散系数,使氢原子在合金中的扩散激活能提高了50.3%.Nb原子通过提高合金中的氢陷阱浓度,有效降低了氢原子在FeCrAlMo基合金中的扩散速率.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with