波动方程差分格式的优化

用差分方法模拟非定常流动和气动声学问题时,重要的一点是使差分格式的色散关系尽量与原波动方程一致．文中总结了建立差分方程色散关系的各种方法,以积累误差为优化目标函数对差分格式进行了优化分析,有效地控制了差分格式长时间计算的精度与稳定性问题,证明时间积分采用四级Ｒｕｎｇｅ－Ｋｕｔａ法较之三级Ｒｕｎｇｅ－Ｋｕｔａ法更适合于将单波方程优化格式推广至方程组,以Ｏｓｈｅｒ－ＣｈａｋｒａｖａｒｔｈｙＴＶＤ格式和ＰＦＤＤ格式为例,给出有限面积格式的优化方法,并以实例证明其有效性．     

含两参数的抛物型方程混合问题的差分解法

研究含２个小参数的抛物型方程的奇异摄动问题,构造了指数拟合差分格式并证明了差分格式的解一阶一致收敛于微分方程的解,提高了一致收敛的精度．     

NS方程的非结构化网格方法及其差分格式

采用同位非结构化网格上的有限体积法,对ＮａｖｉｅｒＳｔｏｋｅｓ 方程的ＳＩＭＰＬＥ 算法及差分格式进行了研究．提出了适用于非结构化网格的不用求解单元顶点变量值的二阶混合差分格式．该格式的优点在于：１） 减少了计算工作量;２） 避免了普通混合差分格式因使用简单的一阶迎风差分格式所引起的网格界面方向相关性的问题．最后,采用三角形网格,利用提出的方法及差分格式,对方腔内的驱动层流及绕翼型湍流进行了数值计算,计算结果与基准解或实验值的符合程度优于普通混合差分格式     

纯金属Al热型连铸凝固过程数值模拟

采用交替显式直接差分法建立了热型连铸凝固过程温度场模拟的差分数值方法，并研究了不同工艺参数对温度场分布的影响．模拟结果表明，采用交替显示差分格式建立差分方程进行热型连铸过程温度场模拟计算，计算过程简单，所得计算结果严格收敛，说明交替显示差分格式建立差分方程的合理性，是一种较好的建立差分方程的方法．连铸速度对纯金属Al凝固时固液界面的位置影响较大，随连铸速度增大，液固界面位置从型内向型外移动，与实验结果一致，说明采用计算机模拟技术是可行的．     

一维变系数抛物方程基于POD基的差分格式及后验误差估计

用奇值分解和POD (proper orthogonal decomposition) 基研究了一维变系数抛物问题基于POD基的有限差分格式,先用有限差分格式计算出瞬时解构成的数据集合, 再用奇值分解和特征正交分解方法找出最优正交基重构这些数据集合,结合Galerkin投影方法导出了具有较高精度的低维模型,并给出了POD格式解与有限差分格式解的误差估计,数值例子表明POD 格式解和有限差分格式解的误差与理论分析结果是一致的,从而验证了POD 方法的有效性.     

二级食物链反应扩散方程组的有限差分法

对二级食物链反应扩散模型建立了一个线性化的二层差分格式,利用离散的内插不等式及能量估计方法证明了差分格式解的存在唯一性、收敛性、稳定性,并证明了其在无穷范数意义下的收敛阶为0（r^2＋h^2）．     

一维对流扩散方程组的特征经济差分格式

对一类带Dirichlet型边值的一维对流扩散方程组建立了特征差分格式．对流项采用特征法处理，扩散项则采用一种经济格式．在处理邻近边界的网格点时将特征线截断．分析了格式的h^1收敛性，进而得到最大模误差估计．     

二阶非线性奇异攝动常微分方程的一致收敛解法

本文研究一类常微分方程： 的数值解法．作者用连续迭代与离散逼近相结合的方法．得到一个关于ε一致收敛的差分迭代 格式，并给出数值例子．     

Burgers方程的一个新的差分格式

研究Burgers方程初边值问题的差分方法．首先基于Crank-Nicolson方法,通过对非线性项uux的线性化处理,建立了一个两层线性化隐式差分格式,并讨论了差分格式的可解性．其次利用离散能量估计方法证明了差分解在最大模意义下关于时间和空间的二阶收敛性．最后通过数值算例验证了理论分析结果．     

奇摄动抛物型方程的一致收敛差分格式

讨论两类奇摄动抛物型方程,构造相应的拟合网格差分格式,并证明差分格式关于小参数是一致收敛,数值例子显示数值解很好地逼近精确解．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the