Inhibition of stray grains at melt-back region for re-using seed to prepare Ni-based single crystal superalloys

Assisted by the mold preinstalled an alumina tube into seed segment, the influence of the original primary dendrite spacing of seed on the formation of stray grains at melt-back region was investigated during Ni-based single crystal casting using seeding method. The results showed that the interface reaction between the seed and mold as well as the formation of stray grains at the surface of seed were avoid using an alumina tube with surface roughness of 0.35 μm as the mold inner wall. As the original primary dendrite spacing of the seed decreased to less than 201 μm, the morphology of un-melted solid phase in semi-solid zone changed from isolated dendrite stem to the complex network, resulting in the inhibition of the formation of stray grains inside of the seed. The seed with original primary dendrite spacing of 201 μm was also successfully re-used to fabricate single crystal casting.     

枝晶生长的介观尺度三维数值模拟

为预测合金介观组织的形成与演变,提出了改进的三维元胞自动机(CA)模型。该模型采用枝晶形状函数,简化描述介观区域的枝晶生长轮廓;利用基于Euler角的空间坐标转换,描述随机晶向的多晶粒生长;采用Hash表加速算法,耦合了溶质场计算,采用数值算法处理固液界面的溶质再分配。该模型可模拟大范围随机取向的多晶粒生长过程,并具有较高的计算效率。模拟结果表明:不同模拟区域和网格剖分尺寸对晶粒体积的分布规律没有明显影响;较快冷却速度下,存在溶质富集和枝晶偏析。对Al4Cu合金的砂型和金属型试样的显微组织分别进行模拟,结果与实验符合较好。     

枝晶生长的介观尺度三维数值模拟

为预测合金介观组织的形成与演变,提出了改进的三维元胞自动机(CA)模型。该模型采用枝晶形状函数,简化描述介观区域的枝晶生长轮廓;利用基于Eu ler角的空间坐标转换,描述随机晶向的多晶粒生长;采用H ash表加速算法,耦合了溶质场计算,采用数值算法处理固液界面的溶质再分配。该模型可模拟大范围随机取向的多晶粒生长过程,并具有较高的计算效率。结果表明:不同模拟区域和网格剖分尺寸对晶粒体积的分布规律没有明显影响;较快冷却速度下,存在溶质富集和枝晶偏析。对A l4Cu合金的砂型和金属型试样的显微组织分别进行模拟,结果与实验符合较好。     

横向约束对Fe-C合金凝固微观组织的相场法模拟

以Fe-C二元合金为例,采用多相场法模拟了横向约束条件下枝晶与共析组织微观形貌的演化过程,探讨了横向约束的长度、厚度对枝晶与共析组织生长形貌的影响.结果表明:横向约束的存在限制了枝晶和共析组织的正常生长,横向约束上方的微观组织形貌明显改变;随着横向约束长度的增加,横向约束上方的枝晶间距明显减小,共析组织的层间距越来越大;随着横向约束厚度的增加,横向约束上方新枝晶的生长速度降低,共析组织中Fe₃C相偏转增大,使得层间距变大.     

碳钢连铸凝固过程的微观模拟

通过一种简单的数学模型研究了连铸坯凝固过程中枝晶生长的重要微观结构参数.结合中碳钢连铸性能计算出凝固过程中枝晶生长的尖端半径、枝晶生长速率、二次枝晶臂间距等枝晶相关参数,并研究了拉速对上述微观结构参数的影响.分析了碳、硅、锰、磷和硫等重要元素的微观偏析程度随凝固进程与坯壳生长的变化规律.与前人经验模型的对比与验证表明本文模型预测结果合理.     

板坯连铸结晶器吹氩工艺参数优化

采用流体体积(VOF)方法和拉格朗日离散模型建立了反映230mm×1100mm板坯连铸结晶器吹氩过程中钢液、熔渣和氩气气泡流动行为的数学模型,通过数值模拟方法研究吹氩量、拉坯速度和水口浸入深度等工艺参数对结晶器内钢/渣界面行为特征的影响规律。结果表明,吹氩会明显加剧水口附近的钢/渣界面波动,选择合适的拉坯速度能有效降低该处的界面波动幅度,同时吹氩有利于减缓结晶器弯月面处的液面波动,可在一定程度上达到稳定钢/渣界面的目的。从16种工艺配置方案中优化出该结晶器的最佳吹氩工艺参数为:拉坯速度1.2m/min,吹氩量9L/min,水口浸入深度120mm。     

隧道过海段水压力及渗流量计算方法

为了研究三心圆隧道复合衬砌的渗流量及不同部位水压力大小,分别利用等效面积法和等效周长法求出不同注浆圈厚度、不同注浆圈渗透系数、不同初期支护渗透系数下三心圆隧道的渗流量及不同部位水压力折减系数的解析解;并与相同条件下不同工况的数值模拟值进行对比。结果表明:计算隧道渗流量时,等效面积法得到的解与数值模拟值最大相差0. 3%;等效周长法得到的解与数值模拟值相差1. 5%。计算初期支护外水压力折减系数时,等效面积法得到的解与数值模拟值最大相差4. 8%;等效周长法得到的解与数值模拟值相差4. 6%。计算二次衬砌外水压力折减系数时,等效面积法得到的解与数值模拟值最大相差7. 6%;等效周长法得到的解与数值模拟值相差7. 8%。     

自适应有限元法对合金定向倾斜枝晶生长的相场法模拟

建立了合金定向倾斜枝晶生长的相场模型,采用非均匀网格的自适应有限元法求解薄界面层厚度条件下的相场模型,研究了Al-Cu(w(Cu)=4％)合金的倾斜枝晶演化过程,定量分析了冷却速率、主晶间距对凝固组织的影响.结果表明:冷却速率、主晶间距和抽拉速度可以控制倾斜枝晶的生长角度,随着冷却速率的增加,枝晶的生长会偏离择优取角向...     

An investigation on supercooling directional solidification process of Cu-Ni single phase alloy

Supercooling directional solidification (SDS) is put fotward by combination of melt supercooling and conventional solidification by application of supercooling inheritance. On the self-designed SDS equipment, SDS of Cu-Ni alloy was achieved successfully The results are as follows f (i) The primary arm spacing is about 30 μm, the growth of secondary arms are strongly suppressed. The primary arm spacing is nearly the same as LMC method (GL=25 K/mm, V=500 pm/s), the primary stems are straight, fine and completed. with an inclination angle of about 5.8° (ii) A semi-quantitative T-T model is brought fotward to describe the dendrite growth rate V vs. undercooling AT The prediction of T-T model agrees well with experimental results. The formation of fine equiaxed dendrites, transition region and dendrite region can be explained successfully by △T-V-x relation of T-T model.     

粉质黏土地区微型桩群桩基础群桩效应研究

探讨微型桩群桩基础在粉质黏土地层条件下的群桩效应和竖向承载性能.通过在川西地区开展的现场真型试验,将现场试验结果、数值模拟以及理论计算结果进行对比.结果表明:微型桩群桩基础在该地层条件下具有良好的抗压性能,试验基础极限抗压承载力可达2 700 kN,利用实体周长法得出的群桩效应系数与数值模拟方法最为吻合.在粉质黏土地层...     

Dendrite morphology and evolution mechanism of nickel-based single crystal superalloys grown along the o0014 and o0114 orientations

Nickel-based single crystal superalloys oriented along the o0014 and o0114 lattice directions were produced by a bottom seeding technique in an attempt to understand the evolution mechanism of the dendrite grown along different orientations in the present study. The changes in primary dendrite arm spacing for single crystal with different orientations are also discussed. It was found that the dendrite morphologies of single crystal superalloy grown along o0114 were different from that of o0014. Firstly, the dendrites showed the irregular cruciforms and array in rows in a transverse section. Secondly, no typical primary dendrites were observed but the dendrite morphologies appeared like the letter ‘‘V’’ or ‘‘W’’ in a longitudinal section. The primary dendrite arms grew along the o0014 orientation from the bottom of the sample in the o0014 orientation. However, in the o0114 orientation, the single crystal developed by continuous side-branching along the [001] and [010] orientations. The primary dendrite arm spacing was as the function of the deviation angle f. It indicates that with the increase in the deviation angle f, the primary dendrite arm spacing first increased, and then decreased.     

显像管玻壳成形过程中温度场的数值模拟

研究了显像管玻壳成形过程中温度场集成冷却模拟方法,开发了工艺参数和模具冷却结构优化系统.该系统利用有限差分法,在厚度方向上对玻壳采用局部的一维瞬态分析,运用三维边界元方法模拟模具的三维热传导,玻壳和模具通过耦合分析来匹配型腔表面的温度和热流量.研究表明,所提出的集成和耦合数值模型模拟结果与实验结果吻合良好.     

强磁场对半无限Al/Cu固液扩散偶凝固组织的影响

采用半无限Al/Cu扩散偶法,对磁场下Al-Cu合金凝固组织进行研究.结果表明:由于沿扩散方向Cu原子分数逐渐减小,凝固时,沿凝固方向依次生成α-Al胞/枝状晶等组织、Al-Al2Cu共晶组织和Al2Cu过共晶组织;在不同磁感应强度下(0～12 T),各组织发生了明显变化,胞状晶消失,枝晶粗化并发生偏转;共晶组织层间距与磁感应强度呈非线性关系,组织被扭曲;过共晶组织界面形貌变平整;Cu原子扩散距离缩短.利用XRD对α-Al枝晶区进行衍射分析,发现磁场下α-Al(100)晶面峰值强度变弱,(111)晶面变强.理论分析认为,强磁场对熔体流动的抑制作用和磁场下晶体的磁各向异性是导致上述现象的主要原因...     

Effect of M-EMS on the solidification structure of a steel billet

Effects of mold electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS) on the solidification structure of 45# steel billet were investigated by examination of interdendritic corrosion. The results show that the primary and secondary dendrite arm spacings increase from the edge of the billet to the center and decrease obviously with increasing electromagnetic torque, which will be beneficial to refine the solidification structure and enlarge the equiaxed crystal zone. The ratio of equiaxed crystal increases by 15.9% with the electromagnetic torque increasing from 230 to 400 cN·cm. The increase of stirring intensity can improve the cooling rate and the impact of M-EMS on it reduces from the edge of the billet to the central area, where the cooling rates are similar at different torques. The closer to the central area, the less the influence of M-EMS on the cooling rate is. The ratio of the primary to secondary dendrite arm spacing is approximately 2.0, namely, λ1≈2λ2, and is constant irrespective of the stirring intensity and position of the billet. Original position analysis (OPA) results indicate that the center segregation of the billet is greatly improved, and the more uniform and compact solidification structure will be obtained with the increase of stirring intensity.     

不锈钢板坯连铸结晶器内钢/渣界面行为模拟及卷渣分析

基于湍流模型与多相流模型的耦合,应用液面追踪技术(VOF),实现了对不锈钢板坯连铸结晶器内流体流动及钢/渣界面行为的模拟计算,并用水模拟结果进行了对比验证,在此基础上计算出实际的钢/渣界面特征及界面上钢/渣行为.通过分析水口的侧孔形状、出口倾角、水口浸入深度、结晶器宽度以及拉速对钢/渣界面特征及界面上钢/渣行为影响规律,指出了钢/渣界面行为与卷渣是密切相关的,进而探讨了钢/渣界面及卷渣形成的机理.     

金刚石结块磨粒排布层间距实验

分析现有磨粒层间距估算方法,采用洛氏金刚石压头对中等硬度花岗石G603直线等深度划擦.通过测量相同划擦深度、不同划擦间距下划擦过程的划擦力,观察划擦后划痕的形貌,综合分析划擦过程材料去除与划擦力和划痕间距的关系,并优选磨粒排布层间距.实验结果表明:磨粒层间距L存在一临界值间距L_s.当L≤L_s时,划擦力随着L的增大而增大,磨粒间工件材料可通过干涉式整体体积破碎去除;当L>L_s时,磨削力趋于稳定,不随L增大而变化,磨粒协同干涉作用消失,磨粒间工件材料无法成片去除.     

机械搅拌对ZA27合金组织的影响

研究了机械搅拌对ＺＡ２７合金组织的影响，同时给出了温度与固相率的对应值．结果表明，在机械搅拌下，ＺＡ２７合金的凝固组织为等轴晶或玫瑰状聚集体，由枝晶残体和棒状与球状粒子组成，且随着温度的降低，初生相逐渐球状化和分散化；初生晶非树状化是由于枝晶臂颈缩折断，合并生长所致；机械搅拌加剧了晶臂颈缩，促进了颈缩折断；固相间存在着合并生长     

多元合金多晶粒枝晶生长的相场模型

基于多元合金多晶粒生长的等温相场模型,耦合温度场,提出一个新的相场模型.利用这个模型,以Al-Cu-Mg三元合金为例模拟多元合金凝固过程中多个晶粒的枝晶生长过程.结果表明,这个模型的计算结果展现了多个晶粒枝晶的竞争生长;在模拟中可以展现合金凝固中潜热的释放;能较真实地再现凝固过程中的枝晶生长过程.     

相场法模拟定向凝固微观组织演化研究进展

定向凝固是一种新型的铸造成型技术,能够很好地呈现出凝固过程中界面形态的演化过程,而相场法在如今微观组织数值模拟领域中是最具有优势的一种研究方法.介绍了相场法数值模拟的基本原理,阐述了国内外学者对二元或多元合金在受流场、溶质间相互作用和各向异性、过冷等因素条件影响下自由枝晶和小晶面枝晶的相场法模拟的研究进展,说明了采用相场法耦合溶质场和计算相图等方法在其他微观组织中的应用,并且指出了相场法在模拟定向凝固微观组织领域中所存在的不足之处以及未来的发展趋势.     

Lithium secondary batteries using an asymmetric sulfonium-based room temperature ionic liquid as a potential electrolyte

A new asymmetric sulfonium-based ionic liquid, 1-butyldimethylsulfonium bis（trifluoromethylsulfonyl） imide （S114TFSI）, was developed as electrolyte material for lithium secondary battery. Its cathodic potential was a little more positive against the Li/Li＋, so vinylene carbonate （VC） was added into the LiTFSI/S114TFSI ionic liquid electrolyte to ensure the formation of a solid electrolyte interface （SEI）, which effectively prevented the decomposition of the electrolyte. The properties of the Li/LiMn2O4 cell containing S114TFSI-based electrolyte were studied and the cycle performances were compared to those with a conventional organic electrolyte （1 mol/L LiPF6/DMC：EC=1：1（w/w）） at room temperature. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） were conducted to analyze the mechanisms affecting the cell performances at different temperatures. The lithium secondary bat- tery system, using the above ionic liquid electrolyte material, shows good cycle performances and good safety at room temperature, and is worthwhile to further investigate so as to find out the potential application.