济阳坳陷深层砂岩储层成岩作用及其阶段划分

在对大量薄片进行分析鉴定的基础上，运用扫描电镜、阴极发光和Ｘ衍射粘土分析等手段，对济阳坳陷深层砂岩储层的成岩作用、成岩序列进行了研究，总结出９种成岩标志、７种成岩事件以及５种成岩相类型．根据有机质的演化及粘土矿物的变化序列，对济阳坳陷深层砂岩成岩作用阶段进行了划分。由深层砂岩储层的成岩作用及孔隙演化规律认识到，济阳坳陷深层存在着较为有利的次生孔隙发育带．     

济阳坳陷深层砂岩储层成岩作用及其阶段划分

在对大量薄片进行分析鉴定的基础上，运用扫描电镜、阴极发光和Ｘ衍射粘土分析等手段。对济阳坳陷深层砂岩储层的成岩作用、成岩序列进行了研究，总结出９种成岩标志、７种成岩事件以及５种成岩相类型。根据有机质的演化及粘土矿物的变化序列，对济阳坳陷深层砂岩成岩作用阶段进行了划分。由深层砂岩储层的成岩作用及孔隙演化规律认识到，济阳坳陷深层存在着较为有利的次生孔隙发育带。     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区延长组碎屑岩储层低渗特征及含油性主控因素

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组发育陆相坳陷型湖泊三角洲相低渗储层。在岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X光衍射、自生伊利石K-Ar同位素测年等分析的基础上，对该地区延长组长6-长2段低渗致密储集砂体的岩石学特征、孔隙类型、物性特征、成岩动力学及孔隙演化特征进行了研究，并对低渗透储层的含油气性进行了分析。结果表明：①该组砂体以长石砂岩为主，次为岩屑砂岩和长石质岩屑砂岩，矿物成熟度低；②孔隙类型包括残余粒间孔、晶间孔、溶蚀孔和微裂缝，其中残余粒间孔是储层的主要储集空间；③主要成岩作用包括机械压实作用、溶蚀作用、碳酸盐胶结作用、自生粘土矿物胶结作用等，其中溶蚀作用产生的次生孔隙对储层物性的改善不足；④成岩作用开始较早、塑性岩屑颗粒大量变形、压实作用强烈是导致早期砂岩孔隙丧失的根本原因，碳酸盐岩胶结作用、次生孔隙不发育是造成后期储层岩石致密的主要因素。含油气性分析结果表明，砂体的不同沉积成因类型是层间含油气性差异的主控因素；同一成因砂体内部的非均质性是层内含油气性差异的主控因素。     

马朗凹陷中、上侏罗统成岩作用与孔隙演化

目的探讨马朗凹陷成岩作用与孔隙演化的关系。方法在野外调研和资料调研的基础上,结合薄片鉴定、电镜扫描、X射线衍射、阴极发光、压汞、铸体、热解分析、镜质体反射率、包裹体测试等分析手段,对砂岩的成岩作用和孔隙特征进行分析。结果确定了成岩作用类型、成岩阶段划分与孔隙演化特征。结论中、上侏罗统砂岩成岩作用类型主要有压实作用、胶结作用和溶解作用;成岩演化阶段处于早成岩A期至中成岩A期;不同层段所经历的成岩演化不同,导致了孔隙发育程度和类型的不同。     

延安南部曹凡峪油区长6油层组成岩作用研究

曹凡峪油区延长组长6油层组是曹凡峪地区主要的产油层,通过砂岩薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜等分析资料,对曹凡峪地区长6砂岩储层的岩石学特征、成岩作用类型、成岩阶段划分和孔隙演化影响因素进行分析。研究结果表明:长6储层发育细粒长石砂岩,主要成岩作用有压实作用、碳酸盐胶结作用、硅质胶结作用和溶解作用,曹凡峪长6成岩阶段为晚成岩A期早期。将研究区长6储层砂岩划分为5种成岩相,分别为绿泥石膜-方解石胶结-溶蚀孔隙相、方解石胶结-残余孔隙相、硅质胶结-粒间孔隙相、绿泥石胶结-残余粒间孔隙相、绿泥石膜胶结-溶蚀孔隙相。储层孔隙演化的影响因素主要是沉积环境和成岩作用,其中水下分流河道和原生残余粒间孔是研究区最好的储集场所和空间。有利成岩相和沉积环境的结合形成了研究区物性相对较好,产量较高的储层区带,也是下一步勘探的重点。     

西湖凹陷黄岩构造带花港组砂岩储层成岩作用研究

根据岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X-衍射等多种分析测试资料,对西湖凹陷黄岩构造带古近系花港组砂岩储层成岩作用及其对储层物性的影响进行了详细研究。岩石薄片资料分析显示黄岩构造带花港组砂岩类型主要为长石岩屑质石英砂岩,成分成熟度和结构成熟度均为中等。在薄片观察的基础上,结合分析测试资料,认为研究区成岩作用类型主要有压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用和溶蚀作用,储层成岩演化阶段整体上处于中成岩A期;压实作用和胶结作用是该区主要的破坏性成岩作用,其中碳酸盐胶结物不仅占据着原生孔隙,且充填了次生孔隙,溶蚀作用则属于建设性成岩作用,产生的大量次生孔隙有效改善了储层物性,并在3500m左右形成了次生孔隙发育带。     

准噶尔盆地西北缘侏罗系储层成岩作用及孔隙演化

对准噶尔盆地株罗系砂岩储层成岩作用过程的研究结果表明，储层的孔隙演化主要与压实作用、溶蚀作用和胶结作用等有密切的关系。压实作用和方解石胶结作用是使原生孔隙遭受破坏的主要成岩作用类型；方解石和粘土矿物的溶蚀作用是形成次生孔隙的主要成岩作用类型；高岭石的后期充填是使次生孔隙遭受破坏的主要原因。各种成岩作用的时空配置关系控制着孔隙的发育程度；储层孔隙发育具有垂向分带性。在纵向上可划分出4个孔隙发育带，这对预测本区侏罗系储层物性的空间分布具有重要意义。     

阿尔金山南缘吐拉盆地侏罗系砂岩成岩作用研究

在大量岩石学和铸体薄片研究的基础上,运用X-衍射等分析手段,对吐拉盆地嘎斯煤矿附近侏罗系地层中砂岩的成岩作用、孔隙演化及成岩阶段等特征作了详细研究,认为孔隙的发育既受沉积条件控制,又受埋藏成岩作用的影响。机械压实作用是导致砂岩孔隙结构变差的主要因素;早期碳酸盐胶结作用弱,使得后期的溶解改造作用也较弱;造成了砂岩的有效储集空间较差的结果。构造作用使得岩石中裂隙发育,提高了岩石孔渗性,极大地改善了岩石的储集性能,形成了较好的储层。     

川东南小河坝组砂岩成岩作用及其演化

本文通过普通薄片鉴定、铸体薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、X射线衍射以及阴极发光等多种实验测试手段对川东南地区小河坝组砂岩成岩作用以及成岩演化进行详细研究。研究结果表明:研究区小河坝砂岩主要为泥质石英粉砂岩、泥质长石石英粉砂岩、钙质粉砂岩,具有高石英、低岩屑的特点。成岩作用主要包括压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用以及溶蚀作用,成岩作用处于晚成岩B期。原生残余粒间孔是小河坝砂岩的主要孔隙类型。压实作用是造成原生孔隙减少的主要因素之一,溶蚀作用改善了砂岩的孔隙度,而胶结作用,尤其是钙质胶结造成次生孔隙进一步减少。     

安塞油田楼坪区长10砂岩储层成岩作用及孔隙演化

根据岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜等资料研究了安塞油田楼坪区长10砂岩储层岩石类型、成岩作用及孔隙演化特征。结果表明,长10砂岩岩石类型主要为长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩,填隙物总量可达14%,且主要以浊沸石、碳酸盐矿物和粘土矿物为主。储集空间类型以残余粒间孔和各类溶蚀孔隙为主。研究区长10砂岩储层经历的成岩作用类型主要包括压实作用、胶结作用以及溶蚀作用等。其中,具破坏性的成岩作用主要包括压实作用和胶结作用,而具建设性的成岩作用主要为溶蚀作用。成岩作用对孔隙度影响的定量计算结果表明,压实作用与胶结作用造成的孔隙度损失分别为14.11%和13.76%,而溶解作用造成的孔隙度增加量约为3.65%,孔隙演化趋势整体表现为孔隙度先急剧减小后缓慢增加。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the