Identification of Caspasecleavage site in the apoptosis suppressor protein P49 from the<Emphasis Type="Italic">Spodoptera littoralis</Emphasis> nucleopolyhedrovirus

The p49 gene from baculovirus Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (SINPV) was able to suppress apoptosis of 5~9 cells induced by virus infection. Ectopically expressed P49 protein had the capacity to inhibit the activity of Caspases, being the executioner of apoptosis. Digestion of P49 with human Caspase or Bm-Caspase both yielded 10 and 40 kD fragments. Checking the sequence of P49, we found that the motif 91-TVTDG-95 of P49 was the sequence recognized by Caspases. The mutant of P49, Asp94Ala, could not be cut by both caspases and lost its caspases inhibition.Meanwhile, Thr91Ala mutant permitted the cleavage and partially retained its activity of caspases inhibition. We also found that P49 was a substrate of upstream initiator caspase and downstream effector Caspases, indicating that P49 was a broad specificity Caspase inhibitor.     

Expression and anti-apoptoticmechanism of Spodoptera lit-toralis NucleopolyhedrovirusP49 protein

A novel cloned Spodoptera littoralis Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SlNPV) p49 gene is able to suppress apoptosis of insect cells Sf9 triggered by virus. The amino acid sequence of P49 expressed in baculovirus expression system is the same as predicted, indicating that the expression of P49 is correct. Metabolic labeling revealed that p49 was able to be expressed both in the early and late phases after the viral infection, and only in the late phase was the expression driven by polyhedra promoter, but the amount of expression was higher than that of wtSlNPV. In summary, the early gene of SlNPV p49 as well as p35 of AcMNPV is able to be expressed in the late phase, but its promoter is weaker compared with polyhedra promoter. In vitro, P49 can be cut by Bm caspase and human caspase-3, yielding 10 and 40 ku fragments. Purified P49 blocks the substrate cleavage by Bm caspase and human caspase-3, showing that P49 inhibits downstream caspases in the apoptotic pathway.     

Expression and anti-apoptotic mechanism of Spodoptera littoralis Nucleopolyhedrovirus P49 protein

A novel cloned Spodoptera littoralis Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SlNPV) p49 gene is able to suppress apoptosis of insect cells Sf9 triggered by virus. The amino acid sequence of P49 expressed in baculovirus expression system is the same as predicted, indicating that the expression of P49 is correct. Metabolic labeling revealed that p49 was able to be expressed both in the early and late phases after the viral infection, and only in the late phase was the expression driven by polyhedra promoter, but the amount of expression was higher than that of wtSlNPV. In summary, the early gene of SlNPV p49 as well as p35 of AcMNPV is able to be expressed in the late phase, but its promoter is weaker compared with polyhedra promoter. In vitro, P49 can be cut by Bm caspase and human caspase-3, yielding 10 and 40 ku fragments. Purified P49 blocks the substrate cleavage by Bm caspase and human caspase-3, showing that P49 inhibits downstream caspases in the apoptotic pathway.     

Cloning and expression of HIV-1 p24 gene in insect cells by using BAC-TO-BAC system

Recombinant transposing vector pFHIV24 was constructed by cloning the HIV-1 p24 gene into the Multiple cloning site (MCS) of the transposing vector pFastBac1 in the correct orientation with respect to the polyhedrin promoter. Recombinant bacmid bHIV24 was obtained by transposing a mini-att Tn7 element from the recombinant pFHIV24 to the mini-att Tn7 attachment site on the bacmid by Tn7 transposition functions provided by the helper plasmid. Minipreparation of recombinant bacmid DNA was transfected intoSpodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells to get the recombinant virus. Fresh insect Sf9 cells were infected with the recombinant virus containing p24 to express the target protein. The target protein expressed was analyzed on a 15% polyacrylamide gels and then used as antigen to check HIV-1 positive serum by ELISA. Our positive result shows that the expressed p24 protein could be used as standard antigen for HIV-1 diagnosis by ELISA and other reliable diagnostic methods of HIV-1 infection. Supported by the World Bank Boan Program Mallam Nock Joshua: born in 1967, Master of Science To whom correspondence should be addressed (027-7882712-2938)     

Cloning and expression of HIV-1 p24 gene in insect cells by using BAC-TO-BAC system

Recombinant transposing vector pFHIV24 was constructed by cloning the HIV-1 p24 gene into the Multiple cloning site (MCS) of the transposing vector pFastBac1 in the correct orientation with respect to the polyhedrin promoter. Recombinant bacmid bHIV24 was obtained by transposing a mini-att Tn7 element from the recombinant pFHIV24 to the mini-att Tn7 attachment site on the bacmid by Tn7 transposition functions provided by the helper plasmid. Minipreparation of recombinant bacmid DNA was transfected intoSpodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells to get the recombinant virus. Fresh insect Sf9 cells were infected with the recombinant virus containing p24 to express the target protein. The target protein expressed was analyzed on a 15% polyacrylamide gels and then used as antigen to check HIV-1 positive serum by ELISA. Our positive result shows that the expressed p24 protein could be used as standard antigen for HIV-1 diagnosis by ELISA and other reliable diagnostic methods of HIV-1 infection. Supported by the World Bank Boan Program Mallam Nock Joshua: born in 1967, Master of Science To whom correspondence should be addressed (027-7882712-2938)     

细胞凋亡的基因调节

现普遍认为细胞凋亡是基因介导的细胞死亡,大量的实验结果表明导致细胞凋亡的基因有ced3、ced4、p53、c-myc、E1A以及ICE基因等。抑制细胞凋亡的基因有ced9、v—ab1、v-raf、E1B、P35、bcl-2及相关基因(BHRF、LMW5-HL、Bcl-X_L)等,这些基因在不同的生存因子以及在不同的细胞中,作用效果不尽相同。     

Sequencing of p35 gene fromHeliothis armigera polyhedrosis virus and its homologous comparison

Using p35 gene primers of AcNPV, about 1 kb fragment was obtained by PCR from HaNPV DNA and was sequenced thereafter. It has a full reading frame encode 299 amino acids. Sharing identity of 94% in nucleotides and 84% in predict amino-acids with AcNPV, a apoptosis inhibiting gene was found. According to comparison of p35 genes in five kinds of baculovirus, it is found that AcNPV, TnNPV and BmNPV share the most intimate blood relation. HaNPV is near the above three species. LsNPV is little remote from them. This result reconfirmed those we have done with gp37 genes and vp39 genes. It is more accurate to use conserved gene for species division than that of the serological identification. Biography: WANG Ye-fu(1962-), male, Ph D.     

人血管抑制素基因克隆、表达和生物活性分析

应用PCR技术从人胎肝cDNA库中扩增了人血管抑制素基因。将克隆的基因重组进酵母质粒pPIC9K获得含该基因的重组质粒pPIC9KA3。用电激法将质粒pPIC9K转化毕节酵母GSll5，经PCR检测获得含人血管抑制素基因的酵母工程菌GSll5(pPIC8KA3)。再用G418筛选法，在含不同浓度的G418平板上筛选高拷贝整合的转化子。对高拷贝整合的转化子进行发酵培养和诱导表达。SDS—PAGE及Westem印迹分析显示：表达产物约占胞外蛋白的43％，相当于94mg/L，并具有免疫活性。并能抑制bFGF诱导的鸡胚尿囊膜新生血管的生成。还对用G418筛选高拷贝整合转化子的方法做了探索。     

AcMNPV p95基因一段339 bp序列在病毒复制中的作用

杆状病毒苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(AcMNPV)的p95基因编码的P95蛋白是病毒核衣壳的组成部分,也是虫体经口感染相关因子PIF(Per os Infectivity Factor)复合体的组成部分.前期研究表明,完整的P95蛋白对病毒的复制是非必需的,其中一段450bp的序列可以部分弥补p95基因的作用.本研究将p95基因一段339bp的片段(Core339,AcMNPV基因组位置:69 576~69 914bp)以正反两个方向分别插入到p95基因敲除的AcMNPV基因组中多角体位点的polyA之后,构建了两株重组病毒vP95K/EGFP/339+和vP95K/EGFP/339-.该两株病毒能在Sf9细胞中正常复制,复制水平与p95基因正常的AcEGFP相当,但复制速度较慢.重组病毒感染细胞的Western blot分析未检测到P95蛋白的表达.这一结果表明P95蛋白的缺失对病毒在细胞中的复制没有显著影响,但核心片段Core339对于病毒复制具有关键作用.     

XIAP在TRAIL抗性细胞HCT116 bax-/-中的作用机制研究

为了探索结直肠癌细胞HCT116抗TRAIL诱导凋亡的分子机制,本课题以其抗性细胞HCT116 bax~(-/-)为实验对象进行了研究.通过利用目前最热的基因定点编辑技术Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated(Cas)9系统将HCT116bax~(-/-)的XIAP(X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein)基因彻底敲除后,用TRAIL处理,发现其恢复了对TRAIL的敏感,形态学发生了明显凋亡,而且western blot检测显示PARP蛋白发生了完全剪切.由此证明敲除XIAP基因能克服HCT116 bax~(-/-)对TRAIL的抗性.这些发现对肿瘤细胞抗TRAIL的分子机理研究以及肿瘤的个性化治疗有非常重要的意义.     

三尖杉酯碱诱导HeLa细胞凋亡的研究

报道了三尖杉酯碱 (harringtonine ,HT)可以诱导HeLa细胞凋亡 .采用Heochst33342荧光染色、琼脂糖凝胶电泳及流式细胞光度术 (FCM)的方法 ,研究了HT对HeLa细胞凋亡的影响 .利用细胞同步化技术和斑点杂交法研究发现 ,HT影响了HeLa细胞c myc和bcl 2基因的表达并且与细胞周期密切相关 .初步探讨其凋亡诱导的机制 ,认为HT通过在G1和G2 期下调细胞凋亡抑制基因bcl 2的诱导凋亡 ,以及下调c myc癌基因阻滞细胞增殖 ,并延迟凋亡发生 .这些结果对于了解HT的药物作用机制和提高临床化疗疗效具有重要意义 .     

桑青枯病病原G12-9内切葡聚糖酶基因的克隆和分类

桑青枯病是一种土传性细菌病害,从广东省桑园发生青枯病的桑树根部分离得到1株病原菌G12-9;经鉴定确定该菌为青枯菌（Ralstonia solanacearum）,该病原菌在TZC固体培养基上呈圆形及不规则圆形,菌落中央呈现淡红色,革兰氏染色成阴性。对G12-9分离株内切葡聚糖酶基因的克隆、序列测定及聚类分析结果表明,桑青枯菌G12-9内切葡聚糖酶属于糖基水解酶家族12。青枯菌最重要的致病性分泌系统为Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型分泌系统,内切葡聚糖酶属于细菌Ⅱ型分泌系统,内切葡聚糖酶对于青枯菌的定植及寄主植物的致病性有着非常重要的作用,明确该酶在糖基水解酶家族的分类地位对桑青枯病的防治具有重要意义。     

血小板生成素在毕赤酵母中的表达

以人胎肝cDNA文库为模板,用PCR和DNA重组技术,将TPOcDNA克隆到pGEM     

芒果多酚对宫颈癌Hela细胞的抑制作用及机制

用芒果多酚处理人宫颈癌细胞(Hela)后,采用MTT法检测细胞的存活率;Hoechst 33258荧光染色和流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡、细胞周期分布,同时用Western blot检测p53,p21,c-myc,cyclin D1蛋白质水平变化.结果显示：0.025,0.05, 0.1,0.2,0.4 mg/mL的芒果多酚溶液能明显抑制Hela细胞的增殖,并呈剂量和时间依赖性;荧光染色后,大多数细胞内可以看见浓密的荧光颗粒,并出现核收缩;流式细胞术分析发现,与未处理组比较,芒果多酚作用后的G1期Hela细胞数显著增多,G2期细胞数逐渐减少;凋亡率明显高于对照组;Western blot检测显示芒果多酚上调p53,p21蛋白水平,下调c-myc,cyclin D1蛋白水平. 以上结果表明芒果多酚能明显抑制人宫颈癌Hela细胞的增殖,诱导其凋亡.     

表达HIV-1复合多表位基因的p815细胞稳定株的建立和评价

建立稳定表达HIV-1p24MEG复合多表位基因的p815细胞克隆.设计引物,以HIV-1标准株全长cDNA序列为模板,PCR扩增获得p24基因片段;合成改造后的多个表位基因MEG并且与p24片段相连接,克隆入pcDNA3.1(+).在阳离子聚合物作用下重组真核质粒转染的p815(H-2d)细胞, 以G418压力筛选,RT-PCR检测mRNA表达,间接免疫荧光检测蛋白表达.通过PCR获得了HIV-1 p24片段,获得了与多表位基因连接后的p24MEG融合基因,成功构建了p24MEG基因的重组真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)/p24MEG.转染p815细胞后, RT-PCR检测到融合蛋白mRNA表达,间接免疫荧光显示 p815细胞内有融合蛋白的表达.结论:建立了稳定表达HIV-1p24MEG融合蛋白的p815细胞克隆,为评价多表位抗原p24MEG在BALB/c小鼠体内诱导的细胞免疫应答奠定基础.     

棉铃虫组织蛋白酶B在杆状病毒表达系统中的表达及鉴定

以棉铃虫（Helicoverpa armigera）组织蛋白酶B作外源基因重组构建克隆载体,自重组菌株HCB-DH10Bac、Histag-HCB-DH10Bac中提取穿梭质粒,脂质体法转染草地贪夜蛾卵巢细胞系Sf21细胞,转染液再感染细胞,收集感染3～4d的上清液,提取芽生病毒的DNA,PCR法鉴定外源HCB基因,感染上清进行SDS-PAGE、Western-blotting、蛋白酶活性检测．结果：感染上清中的芽生病毒的DNA作模板扩增出预期的1700bp片段,SDS-PAGE、westem-blotcing检测均在28ku处有明显表达产物,且表达产物有蛋白水解活性．     

沙眼衣原体抑制宿主细胞凋亡的研究

目的探讨沙眼衣原体D血清型感染对宿主细胞凋亡的影响。方法沙眼衣原体D血清型感染的Hela229细胞经凋亡诱导剂依托泊苷（etoposide）作用后,Hoechst33．258染色、荧光显微镜观察核浓缩和凋亡小体,流式细胞仪检测凋亡率。结果经依托泊苷作用后,未感染的Hela229细胞有凋亡形态学特征,沙眼衣原体感染的Hela229细胞则无明显凋亡形态学改变,两者的凋亡率比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论沙眼衣原体感染后能抑制诱导剂诱导的宿主细胞凋亡。     

Demonstration of somatic mutation and colonic crypt clonality by X-linked enzyme histochemistry

Cellular mosaicism resulting from X-chromosome inactivation in heterozygous females can be shown histochemically; using this approach we have demonstrated age-related gene reactivation and tumour clonality. We now show in female mice heterozygous for reduced expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity that colonic epithelial cells express either normal or low enzyme activity, and form patches composed of multiple crypts of uniform phenotype. We also show that a low-enzyme colonic epithelial cell phenotype can be induced in normal mice by carcinogen treatment, these cells again occur in patches, but are restricted to scattered single crypts, the frequency of which is related to treatment. A small proportion of colonic tumours in carcinogen treated normal mice are also of low-enzyme phenotype. We conclude that we have visualized the effects of a sporadic carcinogen induced somatic mutation in the G6PD gene of crypt stem cells and that a single stem cell maintains each colonic crypt. This inducible defective activity of a ubiquitous 'housekeeping' enzyme provides a somatic clonal marker system of wide potential application.     

Introduction of new genetic material into pluripotent haematopoietic stem cells of the mouse

An infectious retrovirus vector has been used to transfer a bacterial gene encoding resistance to the neomycin analogue G418 into pluripotent haematopoietic stem cells present in explanted murine bone marrow tissue. Subsequent transplantation of the cells into lethally irradiated mice results in engraftment of the animals with donor haematopoietic tissue containing the bacterial gene. This approach affords an efficient and rapid means of re-introducing genetically modified tissue into intact organisms and provides a system whereby the expression and regulation of cloned genes can be followed within the context of a well characterized developmental programme.