白水江保护区植物物种多样性垂直带优先保护评价

以构建的次级自然单元植物优先保护评价指标体系及层次分析法运算的结果为依据,对白水江自然保护区植被垂直分布带进行了优先保护评价,评价结果表明植物优先保护的顺序依次为常绿落叶阔叶混交林带、落叶阔叶林带、常绿阔叶林带、针阔混交林带、亚高山针叶林带、高山灌丛草甸带,评价指标的综合值依次为78.60,57.32,57.20,38.18,14.08,3.27.常绿落叶阔叶混交林带拥有亚热带和温带的多种植物种类,同时也是国家重点保护、珍稀濒危、特有、单(寡)型类型集中分布的区域,是保护区植物保护的最优先植被带.评价指标的综合值随海拔梯度由常绿阔叶林带的57.20增至常绿落叶阔叶混交林带的78.60后持续减小,体现了物种多样性随海拔升高的单峰分布格局.这种分布格局主要是由不同海拔梯度所产生的水热状况的差异形成的,同时也与低海拔地区强烈的人为干扰和高海拔山地的面积较小等因素有关.     

海南岛五指山的森林植被Ⅰ．五指山的森林植被类型

本部分仅对五指山森林植被类型进行科学的划分和描述。五指山森林植被自下而上可划分为热带低地雨林（海拔７００～１０００ｍ）、热带山地雨林（海拔１０００～１４００ｍ）、热带亚高山矮林（海拔１４００～１７００ｍ）、热带山顶灌丛（海拔１７００～１８６７ｍ）等４个原生植被类型，共１０个群系。     

中条山植被垂直带谱再分析

根据现状植被的特点，对中条山植被垂直带谱进行了再分析，修正了以前垂直带划分方案中的错误，将垂直带划为：侧柏林带（５００～１０００ｍ）——松栎林带（８００～１５００ｍ）——栓皮栎林带（１４００～２０００ｍ）——杨桦林带（１９００～２２００ｍ）——山地草甸带（２１００～２３５８ｍ）。文中对各带的特征及利用方向作了论述     

雾灵山主要植被类型及垂直分布规律

对河北省兴隆县境内国家级自然保护区雾灵山植被及垂直分布规律进行了研究，采用方法是根据植被综合特征；即群落本身特征和生态环境的联系．结合群落生态外貌特点和植物区系组成及群落所处的海拔高度，确定植被类型并翔分植被垂直带谱．雾灵山南坡植被垂直带谱：1)低山农田、果林、灌丛带(海拔900m以下)2)中山下部落叶阔叶林带(海拔900～1500m)3)中山上部针阔混交林带(海拔1500-1700m)4)中山上部寒温性针叶林带(海拔1700-1900m)5)山顶发生草甸带(海拔1900m以上)．雾灵山北坡植被垂直带谱；1)低山农田、果林，灌丛带(海拔800m以下)2)中山下部落叶阔叶林带(海拔800～1400m)3)中山上部针阔混交林带(海拔1400～1600m)4)中山上部寒温性针叶林带(海拔1600～1800m)5)山顶次生草甸带(海拔1800m以上)．     

庐山植被的垂直分带

本文从地植物学角度出发,论述了庐山植被垂直带的自然条件、划分原则、带谱特征,将整个庐山自下而上分为四个植被垂直带谱:1、海拔600米或70O米以下为常绿阔叶林带;2、海拔600米或700米～900米或1,000米之间为常绿阔叶一落叶阔叶混交林带;3、海拔900米或1,000米～1,250米或1,300米之间为落叶阔叶林带;4、海拔1,250米或1,300米以上为针叶林带.     

丽水生态示范区的植物群落

丽水生态示范区自然环境优越 ,植被保存良好 ,动植物资源丰富 .根据对丽水山地的植被调查 ,勘明该生态示范区内植被和群落类型主要有针叶林、针叶阔叶混交林、常绿阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林、落叶阔叶林、山地矮林、山地灌丛草丛、竹林等 8大类共 1 1 4种 .丽水山地群落的垂直分布分层特征较明显 ,总的可分为三个层次 :海拔 80 0 m以下以暖性针叶林、栲类林等为主 ;海拔 80 0～ 1 3 0 0 m山地以温性针叶林、甜槠木荷林等为主 ;海拔 1 3 0 0 m以上则为常绿落叶阔叶混交林、针阔叶混交林、山地灌丛、草丛等     

西藏登曲流域植被垂直分布格局初探

通过对西藏登曲流域山地植被的实地考察,结合基于3S技术的遥感解译技术,对登曲流域植被的垂直分布格究进行了初步探究.研究区雪线为海拔5 200 m,林线为海拔4 600 m.从江面往上依次可划分为干旱河谷灌丛带、山地常绿阔叶林带(阳坡)/山地暗针叶林带(阴坡)、高山灌丛草甸带、流石滩植被带以及永久冰雪带5个垂直自然带谱.     

圩墩遗址古木研究

通过对圩墩遗址出土古木１５个树种的鉴定，确定五，六千年前圩墩存在过落叶－常绿阔叶混交林带。该林带是温带针，阔叶混交林带与亚热带常绿阔叶林带之间的过渡区，属温暖，湿润的亚热带植被类型。落叶阔叶树有壳斗科的麻栋和槲栎类，金缕梅科的枫香，漆树科的黄连木及豆的黄檀等树种。常绿阔叶树有茶科的荷木，豆科的红豆树及木犀科的蜡树等树种。     

恩施州野生盆景植物资源及其栽培利用初探

恩施州野生盆景植物资源，经调查共有４４科６８属１０１种，评分 布在鹤峰、利川、巴东、宣恩等县市，垂直分布主要位于海拔８００－１２００m的常绿阔叶林带和海拔１２００－２００0m的常绿与落叶阔叶混交林带。同时，还分析了恩施州一盆景植物资源的应用现状，对今后进一步开发利用和保护该地区野生贫景植折资源提出了建议。     

江西省武功山风景名胜区植被垂直分布格局的初步研究

通过对武功山风景名胜区植被的实地考察,结合3S技术的遥感解译技术,对武功山植被的垂直分布格局进行了初步探究。归纳出从山脚往上依次划分为人工植被及少量次生林、灌丛植被带,竹林、常绿阔叶林带,常绿阔叶林带,落叶阔叶林带,温性针叶林、山地矮曲林带以及山地草甸带6个植被垂直带谱,并探讨了这种分布格局的特点与成因,为资源保护和环境管理提供一定的参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-