Pb-Pb isotope dating of black shales from the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation, Guizhou Province, South China

Withthedevelopmentofnewanalyticaltech niquesandstate of artinstruments ,isotopetracinganddatingmethodshavemadeconsiderableprogressinrecentyears .Inparticular ,variouskindsofradio genicisotopedatingmethodshavebeenappliedsuc cessfullyinigneousrocks.However,directdatingofsedimentaryrocksremainsundevelopedandcontro versial.Inmostcases ,researchersapplyU PbandK ArorAr Armethodstodatingvolcanicashesthatareinterbeddedwithinsedimentarystratainanattempttoobtaintheageofsedimentsindirectly[1] .Howev e…     

The calcareous nannofossil record and its geological significance in the Jurassic black shales from the Qiangtang Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau

A new record of calcareous nannofossils in Jurassic black shales from the Qiangtang Basin, northern Tibet comprises two series, representing shelf to basin settings. By microscopic observation, the first discovery of the family Watznaueriaceae has been made: Watznaueria fossacincta is distinguished from Watznaueria britannica. From the biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy, the sediments are characterized by paucity of assemblages, prevalence of coccospheres, and a relatively high organic content. There are two classes of preservation: poorly and moderately preserved assemblages. Total nannofossil abundance and species diversity show lower values within calcareous beds, compared to the argillaceous. Assemblage composition appears quite different in the marls and argillaceous rocks compared with the limestones. Fossil abundance and preservation are partly determined by diagenesis, selective dissolution and sedimentary environment. Dysaerobic or anoxic bottom-water conditions are indicated by coccospheres, with nannofossils the main source of hydrocarbons. The black shale facies with high organic carbon contents can be attributed to coccolithophorid high productivity and blooms, indicating that the Qiangtang black shales have a great oil-generation potential.     

The calcareous nannofossil record and its geological significance in the Jurassic black shales from the Qiangtang Basin, northern Tibetan Plateau

A new record of calcareous nannofossils in Jurassic black shales from the Qiangtang Basin, northern Tibet comprises two series, representing shelf to basin settings. By microscopic observation, the first discovery of the family Watznaueriaceae has been made: Watznaueria fossacincta is distinguished from Watznaueria britannica. From the biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy, the sediments are characterized by paucity of assemblages, prevalence of coccospheres, and a relatively high organic content. There are two classes of preservation: poorly and moderately preserved assemblages. Total nannofossil abundance and species diversity show lower values within calcareous beds, compared to the argillaceous. Assemblage composition appears quite different in the marls and argillaceous rocks compared with the limestones. Fossil abundance and preservation are partly determined by diagenesis, selective dissolution and sedimentary environment. Dysaerobic or anoxic bottom-water conditions are indicated by coccospheres, with nannofossils the main source of hydrocarbons. The black shale facies with high organic carbon contents can be attributed to coccolithophorid high productivity and blooms, indicating that the Qiangtang black shales have a great oil-generation potential.     

Paleoceangraphic significance of redox-sensitive metals of black shales in the basal Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in Guizhou Province, South China

TheLowerCambrianblackshalesequenceoccursinSouthChinaalonganarc parallellinearbeltex tendingmorethan 16 0 0km .Theseorganic richblackshalesformedinvariousmarineenvironmentsandtypicallycontainhigheramountsofmolybdenum ,nickel,vanadium ,andanumberofothereconomical lyimportantmetalsthandoanyothersedimentaryrocks[1,2 ] .Therefore ,thestudyoftheseblackshaleshasnotonlypaleoceangraphicimplicationbutalsoe conomicsignificance .Marinesedimentssuchasblackshalearecom plexmixturesofdetritalphasesandseawat…     

赣东北地区下寒武统荷塘组页岩储层特征

通过显微薄片、扫描电镜及X 射线衍射等对赣东北下寒武统荷塘组44 块黑色泥页岩进行了实验分析,从
地球化学特征、岩石学特征、物性与储集空间特征等方面对泥页岩储层特征进行了研究。研究结果表明：研究区荷
塘组泥页岩厚22.1～735.0 m,单层厚度可达19.59～125.16 m;有机质含量在3.32%～11.40%,平均为5.75%;成熟度为
2.35%～4.90%,总体偏高,属于过成熟阶段;矿物成分主要以石英、黏土矿物、方解石、黄铁矿和白铁矿为主,脆性矿物
含量为18.95%～51.84%,平均含量为40.97%;微孔裂隙发育,形态多样。赣东北荷塘组与北美典型商业性页岩气产区
相比具有差异,主要表现在荷塘组页岩的有效厚度较大、TOC 含量和吸附气比例较高,其不利条件主要表现为埋藏较
深、成熟度过高等方面。     

对黑石关黄土剖面矿物及化学成分的初步研究

通过对矿物成分显微结构的变化以及化学成分的分析对比，探溯黄土的生成条件。     

湖南三岔镍钼多金属矿床矿物学特征研究

湖南张家界三岔镍钼多金属矿床是华南下寒武统黑色岩系矿床中的典型实例,是国内外学者的研究热点。目前,对该地区的岩石矿物微观形态特征、矿物间的关系以及形成次序研究不够深入。本次研究对矿床矿石矿物进行了详细的矿相显微镜、电子探针以及扫描电子显微镜的观察与分析。结果显示,镍的主要赋存形式为针镍矿、辉砷镍矿、针镍矿与黄铁矿紧密共生,形态主要呈脉状、浸染状以及碎块状;而钼的赋存形式主要以碳硫钼矿为主,以竹叶状、团块集合体、椭球体形式存在。通过对矿物间的穿插、包裹关系进行研究,其形成次序依次为黏土类矿物、石英、磷酸盐矿物-碳硫钼矿-针镍矿、辉砷镍矿-方解石、重晶石、石英,而黄铁矿伴随着整个成矿过程,其成矿期阶段可划分为-沉积阶段-热液阶段-再改造阶段。     

用硫化氢气体分解硫化钠阳极电解液的热力学分析

直接电解硫化氢碱性溶液(通常用Na2S溶液表示)产生单质硫和氢气的关键问题是单质硫在阳极表面上沉积而导致的阳极钝化. 用硫化氢气体分解Na2S的阳极电解液可以很好地解决这一问题,并对这一方法进行了热力学分析.对简化S-H2O 系的电势-pH图的分析表明,多硫化物Sx2-在碱性溶液中稳定,且随着体系中溶解态物质的总硫浓度T(s)的增加,高级多硫化物的优势区增大.当Na2S阳极电解液与硫化氢气体反应时,固相硫稳定存在于pH较低和H2S 分压较小的环境中.分析表明,当H2S 分压为1atm,溶液pH值小于8时,大多数多硫化物分解为单质硫S、S2-, HS-或H2S(aq.).分析结果对电解产生多硫化物以及用H2S气体分解多硫化物的实际过程具有重要指导意义.图6,表1,参10.     

蒙其古尔铀矿床砂岩型铀矿生物成矿作用探讨

蒙其古尔铀矿床是伊犁盆地南缘铀资源量最大的砂岩型铀矿床,关于该矿床的成因机理,也一直是铀矿地质学界关注的焦点。通过对该矿床含矿地层的地球化学特征、黏土矿物特征进行分析研究,以及对黄铁矿硫同位素的分析测试,认为在铀成矿过程中有还原物质的参与,而且该还原物质与生物作用有一定关系。生物作用参与成矿可能是蒙其古尔铀矿床矿体品位较高的重要原因。     

早-中奥陶世华南古海洋氧化还原变化及其对奥陶纪生物大辐射的意义

为了进一步探讨奥陶纪生物大辐射期间环境影响和控制因素, 对安徽南部将军岭剖面黑色页岩的有机碳含量(TOC)、总硫含量(TS)和黄铁矿硫同位素(δ³⁴S_py)进行测试分析。TOC与TS表现出正相关性, 说明可能是非硫化环境中的沉积产物。δ³⁴S_py在弗洛期表现出显著的负偏移, 在中奥陶世表现出相对幅度更大的波动。结合前人对全球碳酸盐岩晶格中硫酸盐硫同位素(δ³⁴S_CAS)和δ³⁴S_py数据的分析结果, 显示特马豆克期末期至弗洛期中期黄铁矿埋藏分数下降, 硫同位素分馏效应增大, 说明当时海水发生氧化, 对奥陶纪生物大辐射起到重要的促进作用。弗洛期晚期至达瑞威尔期, 不同地区δ³⁴S_CAS相继出现负偏移,δ³⁴S_py发生大幅振荡, 可能是由于海洋中硫酸根浓度较低以及硫化物再氧化所致。     

M盆地烃源岩有机显微组分特征与生烃潜力初探

Ｍ盆地烃源岩主要分布于下白垩统ＡｂｕＧａｂｒａ组,为一套半深湖－深湖的沉积建造,主要生油岩为深灰色、灰黑色泥页岩．其中的原油具有高蜡、低硫和低气油比的特征．通过对烃源岩地球化学特征和烃源岩有机显微组分特征研究证实,该套烃源岩主要生油组分为陆源有机质经细菌降解形成的腐殖无定形,其次为壳质组;生油能力较弱的镜质组和惰质组含量较低．对主要烃源岩模拟生烃特征进行了研究,结果表明：这种有机质油气转换系数较大,并具有“两期生油”的特征,第一个生油高峰对应的模拟温度为３４５℃,第二个生油高峰为４２５℃,产生的油气具有生油量大、生气量小的特点．     

Isotopic evolution of the terminal Neoproterozoic and early Cambrian carbon cycle on the northern Yangtze Platform, South China

Profound geotectonic, climatic and biological changes occur during the terminal Neoproterozoic and its transition into the early Cambrian. These are reflected in temporal variations of the chemical and isotopic composition of seawater. We are studying a sequence of sedimentary rocks at the Shatan section, northern Yangtze Platform, Sichuan Province of China. This succession comprises, in ascending stratigraphic order, predominantly calcareous sediments of the Sinian upper Dengying Formation and black shales of the lower Cambrian Guojiaba Formation (time equivalent of Niutitang Fm.). Paleoenvironmental setting represents shallow-water shelf deposits. The objective of our study is to provide temporal records for the isotopic compositions of organic and carbonate carbon throughout this time interval. Organic carbon isotope values display a range between -35.8‰ and -30.1‰ with clear stratigraphic variations. Carbonate carbon isotope data vary between -3.5‰ and +0.5‰. These secular variations are interpreted to reflect perturbations of the global carbon cycle, specifically changes in the fractional burial of organic carbon. However, local conditions have further affected the isotopic signals.     

Hydrogen sulphide release to surface waters at the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary

Animal-like multicellular fossils appeared towards the end of the Precambrian, followed by a rapid increase in the abundance and diversity of fossils during the Early Cambrian period, an event also known as the 'Cambrian explosion'. Changes in the environmental conditions at the Precambrian/Cambrian transition (about 542 Myr ago) have been suggested as a possible explanation for this event, but are still a matter of debate. Here we report molybdenum isotope signatures of black shales from two stratigraphically correlated sample sets with a depositional age of around 542 Myr. We find a transient molybdenum isotope signal immediately after the Precambrian/Cambrian transition. Using a box model of the oceanic molybdenum cycle, we find that intense upwelling of hydrogen sulphide-rich deep ocean water best explains the observed Early Cambrian molybdenum isotope signal. Our findings suggest that the Early Cambrian animal radiation may have been triggered by a major change in ocean circulation, terminating a long period during which the Proterozoic ocean was stratified, with sulphidic deep water.     

海陆过渡相页岩孔隙结构特征及分形维数研究

页岩孔隙结构的研究是页岩储集性及含气性评价的重要方面。运用低温氮气等温吸附实验对龙潭组页岩储层的孔隙特征进行了测定,通过孔隙分形维数的计算结合岩石矿物组分、有机质含量及热成熟度测试探讨了龙潭组页岩孔隙结构特征及影响因素。分析结果表明:龙潭组页岩孔隙结构复杂,孔隙类型包括一端封闭型的不透气孔、开放型平行板状狭缝及墨水瓶状孔,平均孔径分布在5.38~13.3 nm,平均为7.78 nm,孔径分布呈双峰型分布的特征;孔隙分形特征明显,分形维数在2.49~2.62,平均为2.54;分形维数受有机质特征、矿物成分及孔隙结构特征共同影响,具体表现为分形维数随TOC(有机碳含量)、R_O、黏土矿物含量及比表面积的增加而增大,随长石含量及样品的平均孔径的增加而减小,与石英及其他矿物成分无明显的相关性。     

下扬子地区下寒武统黑色页岩地球化学特征

 通过露头观测、样品采集、有机地化分析等方法,研究了下扬子地区下寒武统黑色页岩的地质特征与油气资源意义.研究表明,黑色页岩沉积厚度大,主要分布在皖南的石台-泾县-宁国、全椒、苏北的高邮-海安地区,厚度介于100~400 m;岩石矿物成分中石英含量较高,有利于页岩的压裂改造;有机碳含量主要分布在1.0%~4.0%,黑色页岩沉积厚度中心有机碳含量普遍大于2.0%;有机显微组成、干酪根碳同位素、Pr/Ph 比值和饱芳比表明,该页岩有机质类型为Ⅰ型,母质来源为低等浮游生物,具有较强生烃潜力;热演化程度较高,等效镜质体反射率主体分布在2.0%~4.0%,普遍处于高成熟-过成熟阶段.综合认为,该区黑色页岩沉积厚度大、有机碳含量较高、有机质类型好、热演化程度高,具备页岩气形成的地质条件,是中国南方页岩气有利勘探区块之一.     

四川盆地海相三叠纪硫同位素组成与地质成因分析

文章通过对四川盆地海相三叠纪蒸发岩硫同位素δ34S组成特征的对比分析,针对该区域三叠系δ34S具有异常高值并且呈现随时间由早到晚逐渐轻化的特点,结合其沉积地质背景、物化条件,特别是对复杂条件下同位素分馏、地质地球化学特征的研究,对硬石膏的δ34S异常高值和随蒸发而逐渐贫化的地质成因进行了探讨,旨在为重建古环境及地层的划分和对比提供重要依据。研究表明,硬石膏中δ34S异常高值的产生主要是处在封闭环境、硫酸盐细菌还原时的同位素分馏作用的结果。     

新晃贡溪-天柱大河边重晶石矿床热水沉积成因探讨

综合分析了重晶石矿床的沉积学和地球化学特征,结果表明,在扬子大陆东南边缘由于早寒武世地壳的热点活动带来了丰富的成矿物质,形成了Si-P-Ba-多金属矿床谱系。下寒武统的黑色岩系形成于缺氧环境,但重晶石形成时期还原性相对较弱。重晶石矿石中有机质碳含量较低,具有原生残留有机质的明显特征。钡的来源为热液喷气作用,生物的发育为钡的转化和富集提供了条件,海水为重晶石的形成提供了充分的硫源,但由于生物的分馏作用较强,致使重晶石δ³⁴S值可达41.65‰。     

The role of sulfur in the pyrolysis of kerogen

Sulfur plays an important role in the generation and evolution of hydrocarbon from organic matter. Here, a pyrolysis experiment in closed system was performed on Maoming oil shales kerogen (Type Ⅰ), Maoming oil shales kerogen added with sulfur ether and Maoming oil shales kerogen added with sulphur. The results suggest that the existence of sulfur can result in: (i) higher yield of hydrocarbons generated from the kerogen; (ii) decrease of the temperature for the maximum generation of heavy hydrocarbons (the C15+ fraction) by 20℃; (iii) decrease of the temperature for the maximum generation of the aromatics fraction by 40℃, and (iv) acceleration of the aromatization process. The pyrolysates from kerogen added with sulfur are similar to the heating products of the sulfur-rich kerogen as reported in the literatures. It seems that the sulfur catalysis is also an important factor that can make the sulfur-rich kerogen generate low-mature oil at the earlier diagenesis stage, except for the weakness of the C-S and S-S bonds.     

SO3对阿利特-硫铝酸盐水泥熟料中C3S,C4A3S矿物形成影响的研究

以纯化学试剂配料,研究了 ＳＯ_３对阿利特－硫铝酸盐水泥熟料中Ｃ_３Ｓ,Ｃ_４Ａ_３矿物形成的影响。结果表明,一定量的ＳＯ_３能改善生料的易烧性,促进系统中ｆ－ＣａＯ的吸收,并能保证 Ｃ_４Ａ_３矿物良好形成及有利于Ｃ_３Ｓ的形成。而当ＳＯ_３含量较高时,将阻碍Ｃ_３Ｓ的形成并导致熟料中ｆ－ＣａＯ升高。     

洞庭盆地红土地层中网纹的成因探讨

在野外考察的基础上,运用化学全量分析、X射线衍射分析、红外光谱分析和扫描电镜微形貌分析等实验方法和手段,对洞庭盆地第四系红土地层中网纹的元素地球化学、矿物组合特征和微形貌特征进行了系统研究,对洞庭盆地红土地层中2种主要的网纹类型——蠕虫状网纹和根状网纹的成因进行了探讨。认为：土壤孔隙空间的形成和化学元素的迁移是网纹产生的2个必要条件。蠕虫状网纹孔隙空间的产生是由于地层静压力和地下水位季节性变化造成的,而根状网纹的孔隙空间则是植物根系腐烂分解后提供的。地下水和地表水强烈的淋溶作用使土壤中硅、铝、铁、锰等元素的迁移能力增强,土壤胶体粒子之间的化学反应,使得这些孔隙空间在后期逐渐被次生黏土矿物和石英所充填,最终,在洞庭盆地第四系红土地层中形成大量的蠕虫状和根状白色网纹。