具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

西北民族学院女教工妇科病调查分析

对西北民族学院汉、藏、回、蒙、维等八个民族的250名已婚女教工妇科病调查,有173人患各种不同的妇科疾患,患病率高达69.6%。各种妇科病随年龄增大而发病增多。经统计学检验,汉族与少数民族女教工之间妇科病患病率无显著差异。     

关于标准化病人教学管理的几点思考

SP管理是SP教学质量好坏的关键,SP的管理好坏将直接影响教学效果和医学生的水平。目前西方发达国家已能成熟应用SP,并逐步在医师执照考试中使用。我国的SP应用起步较晚,SP管理中存在不少问题,管理模式亟待创新。该文研究基于SP管理实践,认为目前SP管理存在缺乏人文关怀、继续教育滞后、考核缺乏连续性等问题。提出培育SP职业思想道德理念、成立SP专项资金、增强示范教学等措施,为今后的SP管理提供一定参考。     

地震结构爆裂动力学理论

地震是地球断裂构造释放能量的窗口,含能量积聚、触发、爆发和沉寂四阶段。地震是震源断裂结构的爆裂过程,该结构内压力超过岩层的断裂强度和重力之和时,地震随之爆发。对地震的触发,太阳活动影响最大,月球和太阳引力也有影响。断裂结构内的磁场异变和赵锬的形变矢量观察具有临震警报意义。     

一类环上的Jordan可导映射

证明了一类环R上的可加映射δ满足对任意的S,T∈R且ST=P均成立δ(ST)=δ(S)。T+Sδ(T)当且仅当δ是一个Jordan导子,其中S。T=ST+TS为Jordan积,P为环R中的一个非平凡幂等元。     

《周易》“井”卦句读辩正

《周易》＂井＂卦中的＂往来井井汔至亦未井羸其瓶＂,应该标点为：＂往来井。井汔至,亦未井,羸其瓶。＂而不是＂往来井井,汔至亦未,井羸其瓶。＂＂井＂卦九五＂井冽寒泉食＂,当标点为：＂井冽,寒泉食。＂而不是＂井冽寒泉,食。＂或＂井冽寒泉食。＂篇章语法的一些理论可用来判定这些句子的标点。     

《微生物与免疫学》实验教学的实践与思考

《医学微生物学与免疫学》实验是中医院校一门重要的专业基础实验课程。文章指出提高实验课教学质量,应合理安排实验项目、丰富多媒体课件的制作、加强实验教学的考试管理。笔者对实际教学过程中的教学方法和心得体会作了简要阐述。     

多元化教学在外科实验教学中的应用

成都中医药大学第二临床医学院探讨多元化教学在外科实验教学中的应用,将2009级临床医学专科两个班的140名学生,随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组采用多元化的教学模式,对照组采用传统的教学模式进行教学。对两组外科实验考核成绩进行比较,实验组的外科实验考核成绩明显优于对照组。因此,多元化的教学模式能增强学生的实践操作和应用能力,应积极推广。     

《诊断学》实践技能考核与评价方法初探

在诊断学理论课教学相对稳定的形势下,必须加强实践教学,提高临床实践技能。文章以改革训练方法为手段,考核内容为向导,让学生明确学习方向。建立临床医学专业诊断学实践技能考核与评价方法,最终建立临床医学专业诊断学实践技能考核与评价体系,并应用于诊断学实践教学。根据成都中医药大学临床医学专业实际教学情况,制定了考核目标和基本要求,探索诊断学实践技能考核模式,优化考核项目,对学生技能考核成绩进行比较,问卷调查学生对考试改革的评价。诊断学实践技能考核模式适用于学生的技能考核与评价,接受考核学生的满意度高,其考核成绩明显高于未经过考试改革的学生,差异有显著性(t=4.674,P<0.05)。对培养学生自觉训练、自如应对OSCE考试、培养良好的临床思维习惯等都具有重要意义。     

关于酒糟废液处理和综合利用的研究 Ⅰ、过滤性能和处理方法

通过化学药剂调质和真空过滤脱水的处理方法进行了酒糟废液固液分离的研究。用正交试验对影响分离的诸因素作了综合分析。筛选出2‰,FA—4和10‰FA—5这两种药剂时可以达到最好的混凝效果。滤叶试验表明,在这种条件下,脱水效果和过滤机的工作负荷最佳。     

中国大地震规律初探——爆炸地质动力学理论在地震研究中的应用

地震是地球断裂构造释放能量的窗口,含能量积聚、触发、爆发和沉寂过程。地震是震源断裂结构的爆裂过程,断裂结构内压力超过岩层的断裂强度和重力之和时,地震随之爆发。对地震的触发,太阳活动影响最大,月球和太阳引力也有影响。断裂结构内的磁场异变和赵锬的形变矢量观察具有临震警报意义。