Radiation-induced changes in gentamicin pharmacokinetics

Summary Decreased clearance of i.v. or intratracheally administered gentamicin was observed in rats following single whole-body irradiation, 6 Gy⁶⁰Co, reaching its lowest rate on the 7th post-irradiation day. Simultaneously the absorption rate of gentamicin from the lungs was found to be increased.     

Accumulation of dopamine in the parenchyma after decarboxylase inhibition in the capillaries of brain

Zusammenfassung Im Pallium und im Nucleus caudatus des Rattenhirns verstärkt der Decarboxylasehemmer Ro 4-4602 den durch Dopa bedingten Anstieg von Dopamin. Mit einer fluoreszenzmikroskopischen Methode wird gezeigt, dass Dopamin wahrscheinlich im Parenchym und nicht in den Kapillaren des Gehirns akkumuliert.     

Visceral localization of 14C gentamicin in the rat after administration of a single dose

When administered intravenously to Rats, 14C Gentamicin decreased very fast in all tissues, except in kidney and cartilage. Some flexures of the small intestine contained radioactive carbon, and that was evidence for the biliary elimination of a part of the aminoglycoside. In animals with water restriction, the distribution of the antibiotic in tissues was similar to the distribution in animals with free access to water.     

Glycosaminoglycans of bovine lung parenchyma and pleura

Résumé On décrir et compare les glycosaminoglycanes du parenchyme et de la plèvre du poumon bovin. Tous les glycosaminoglycanes principaux, sauf le kératan-sulfate, y ont été trouvés, mais il y a beaucoup plus d'héparansulfate dans le parenchyme.

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Acknowledgement. The help of Dr.M. Craigmyle of the Department of Anatomy, University College, Cardiff, is appreciated.     

Changes in the cardiac glutathione status after ischemia and reperfusion

Summary In the isolated and perfused rabbit heart ischemia induced a rapid decline of contractility, associated with a reduction of the content of tissue GSH with no significant changes in GSSG. Reperfusion induced a small recovery of contractility, a substantial release of total glutathione and a further decrease in the content of tissue GSH with a significant increase of tissue GSSG. Glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities were not affected by ischemia and reperfusion. This study suggests a possible role for glutathione in the determination of functional damage induced by myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.This study was supported by a grant from Ministero Pubblica Istruzione and CNR Rome (no 8202331.56).     

Changes in the cardiac glutathione status after ischemia and reperfusion

In the isolated and perfused rabbit heart ischemia induced a rapid decline of contractility, associated with a reduction of the content of tissue GSH with no significant changes in GSSG. Reperfusion induced a small recovery of contractility, a substantial release of total glutathione and a further decrease in the content of tissue GSH with a significant increase of tissue GSSG. Glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities were not affected by ischemia and reperfusion. This study suggests a possible role for glutathione in the determination of functional damage induced by myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.     

Irreversible shock in rats after injection of microspheres into the renal artery

Summary After injection of microspheres into both renal arteries of rats, an irreversible shock syndrome develops, resulting in death within 4–12 h. Ligation of both renal pedicles after injection of microspheres prevents the shock. It is presumed that kininogenases released from the kidneys participate in the pathogenesis of the shock syndrome.These studies were supported in part by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within the SFB 90, Cardiovasculäres System.     

Changes in microsomal lipids of rat liver after chronic carbon tetrachloride intoxication

Riassunto Un prolungato trattamento con tetracloruro di carbonio, tale da indurre una grave cirrosi epatica, determina una diminuzione degli acidi grassi più insaturi (acido arachidonico ed acido docosaexenoico) dei fosfolipidi dei microsomi di fegato di ratto. L'ipotesi che tale diminuzione sia dovuta ad una parziale distruzione di questi acidi grassi attraverso un processo di perossidazione lipidica indotto dal CCl₄, è avvalorata dalla presenza, nei lipidi microsomiali, di una banda di assorbimento caratteristica dei «dieni coniugati».     

Changes in rate of methemoglobin reduction and oxygen affinity of erythrocytes incubated with inosine,pyruvate and phosphate

Summary Incubation of human erythrocytes with inosine, pyruvate and phosphate increases several fold the ferrihemoglobin reductase activity, the values of which, however, depend on the age of blood (by 6 to 2 times with respect to the normal value of fresh blood).     

Changes in cholinesterase activity of muscle after crushing the sciatic nerve of rats

Summary The subcellular distribution of cholinesterase (ChE) was studied in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats after strong or weak nerve crushing. The ChE activities of muscle were decreased to a greater extent by strong crushing than by weak crushing. In particular, the ChE activity of the fraction containing sarcoplasmic reticulum was most greatly decreased. These results suggest that the change in the ChE activity of the microsomal fraction most finely reflects the strength of nerve crushing.Acknowledgments. This study was accomplished in Central Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co. Ltd. The authors wish to thank Prof. Tsuneyuki Nakazawa, Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fujita-Gakuen University, and Dr Yutaka Sakai for their valuable advice and support, Sr Jean M. Michalec for her critical comments, and Miss Hamako Katano, Mr Naoji Mikuni and Miss Yoshie Ishii for their skillful technical assistance.     

Changes in cholinesterase activity of muscle after crushing the sciatic nerve of rats

The subcellular distribution of cholinesterase (ChE) was studied in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats after strong or weak nerve crushing. The ChE activities of muscle were decreased to a greater extent by strong crushing than by weak crushing. In particular, the ChE activity of the fraction containing sarcoplasmic reticulum was most greatly decreased. These results suggest that the change in the ChE activity of the microsomal fraction most finely reflects the strength of nerve crushing.