微波ECR等离子体溅射沉积T_t薄膜的结构研究

用电子回旋共振(ECR)等离子体溅射方法在室温基片上沉积出的T_i薄膜的结构是用X RD和TEM进行分析的。结果表明所沉积的T_i薄膜是平均粒径,晶粒尺寸分布很窄的稳定fcc结构。在实验过程中发现可以通过对工作参数的调整控制薄膜的晶粒尺寸。我们还讨论了ECR等离子体对薄膜结构和晶粒尺寸的影响。     

水热法合成纳米BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3粉体研究

采用低温液相法（LTAS）制备浆料结合水热后处理工艺,得到分散性良好、羟基缺陷少、平均粒径为50～100nm的BaZr_0.2Ti_0.8O₃纳米粉体。采用X射线衍射、热重分析、TEM等表征手段,考查了水热温度、水热时间及初始n(Ba)/n(Ti+Zr)对粉体颗粒形貌、粒度大小及羟基脱除情况的影响。研究表明,水热温度、水热时间及初始n(Ba)/n(Ti+Zr)均影响BaZr_0.2Ti_0.8O₃晶格中羟基缺陷的脱除,但初始n(Ba)/n(Ti+Zr)对粒度的影响比水热条件影响更为显著,说明可通过调整初始下料比有效控制粒度大小而羟基缺陷的脱出可通过调整水热工艺控制。该粉末烧结性能良好,在1000℃下烧结BaZr_0.2Ti_0.8O₃得到陶瓷体介温曲线明显展宽且室温下介电常数高达8000。     

夹杂物对Ti;Zr微合金钢中针状铁素体形成的影响

采用实验室真空感应炉,炼制了3炉35 kg钢锭.利用MMS-300型热模拟机对实验钢进行线能量为100 kJ/cm,峰值温度为1 400℃的大热输入焊接模拟实验.借助金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)和电子探针显微镜(EPMA)对粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)组织进行观察;研究了热循环后夹杂物的数量、大小、分布和组成对焊接热影响区(HAZ)中针状铁素体形成的影响.结果表明:在粗晶热影响区中针状铁素体的数量随小尺寸氧化物夹杂的数量和面积分数的增加而增加;针状铁素体在Ti,Zr为主的复合夹杂物上形核,这些夹杂物多以Ti,Zr氧化物为核心,表面析出MnS,尺寸在0.5~3...     

不同n（Zr）／m（Ti）及靶形式在不同衬底上溅射PZT薄膜的研究

分别用m(Zr)/m(Ti）配比为30／70、53／47、70／30的源材料及陶瓷块状靶和预烧粉末靶的形式，在Ag、Au、Pt衬底上溅射制取PZT薄膜，比较分析了薄膜的钙钛矿结构形成情况，所需的热处理温度及铁电特性，研究表明：靶材的配比造近30／70时较容易获得钙钛矿结构；用预烧粉末靶或用Ag衬底可降低热处理温度；用Au、Pt衬底能得到较好的电学特性。     

反应物体积分数和pH值对水热合成二氧化钛微粒的影响

采用水热合成工艺,以钛酸丁酯(Ti(OC4H9)4)为前驱体,通过改变反应物的体积分数和体系的pH值,合成了不同晶型和形貌的二氧化钛(TiO2)微粒.同时,使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对此产物进行了表征.结果表明:反应物的体积分数和pH值对TiO2微粒的晶型、形貌和晶粒尺寸均有较大的影响.当Ti(OC4H9)4体积分数较大时,出现锐钛矿型晶体,但结晶不完善,微粒较大,且有团聚现象;Ti(OC4H9)4体积分数较小时,出现金红石型晶体,微粒相对较小,随着反应物体积分数的减小微粒的晶型由锐钛矿型转为金红石型,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大.在酸性溶液中,有利于形成金红石型微粒,而在碱性溶液中,有利于形成锐钛矿型微粒,随着体系的pH值增加,晶粒尺寸也逐渐增大.     

氧浓度对磁控溅射Ti／WO3薄膜光学性能的影响

在不同氧浓度下,采用直流反应磁控溅射技术在玻璃基片上制备了Ti掺杂的WO3薄膜并在450℃退火。用X射线衍射（XRD）、分光光度计、台阶仪等对薄膜的结构和光学性质进行表征,分析了不同氧浓度对气敏薄膜的透光率、微结构及光学带隙的影响。结果表明,氧浓度增大,沉积速率越慢,膜厚度减小,薄膜的平均晶粒尺寸增大,晶面间距增大;透射率曲线随着氧浓度的增加逐渐向短波方向移动,表明薄膜的光学带隙宽度随氧浓度的增大而变大。     

添加Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn1.5复合球磨对Ti9.6V86.4Fe4 合金储氢性能的影响

系统研究了Ti9.6V86.4Fe4储氢合金中掺入10%（质量分数）的Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn1.5进行复合球磨对其相结构及储氢性能的影响.X射线衍射分析表明,Ti9.6V86.4Fe4铸态合金具有单一的体心立方（BCC）结构固溶体相,当添加10%的Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn1.5复合球磨后,复合物由BCC主相和C14型Laves第2相组成.扫描电子显微镜及X射线能量色散谱仪分析表明,Ti9.6V86.4Fe4合金粉颗粒表面包覆了一层Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn1.5微粒.储氢性能测试表明,Ti9.6V86.4Fe4中掺入10%的Ti0.9Zr0.1Mn1.5复合球磨后,虽然室温最大吸氢量（质量分数）从3.86%略微降低至3.61%,但其有效储氢量（质量分数）由2.01%提高到2.11%,活化性能和P-C-T曲线平台特性都得到了明显改善.     

Formation of nanocrystalline during flash welding of 0Cr16Ni22Mo2Ti steel

A nanocrystalline layer was fabricated in bond area of 0Cr16Ni22Mo2Ti austenite steel using flash welding. The mean grain size near bond line is about 20 nm, and the farther the distance from bond line, the larger the size of the nanocrystalline. The thickness of the nanocrystalline layer is about 50 -m. The formation mechanism of the nanocry- stalline may be that the metal in semisolid state is deformed severely and its solid grains are fragmented.     

纳米材料特性形成机理的微观探析

基本尺寸单位10-9m的物质晶粒,具有界面效应、晶粒效应的物理、化学特性的物质形态均可称为广义的物质纳米态。纳米材料中基本粒子的维度结构、运动状态及结合力(能量结构)出现背离常态的变化,是其材料出现奇异和崭新物理或化学特性的主要原因。当纳米晶粒产生界面效应、形成小分子特性后,由于晶粒尺寸单位的减小,宏观上就表现出这类材料会对磁、电、光、力和热等产生不同变性的晶粒效应。而纳米晶粒的结构,则取决于纳米晶粒中的原子——夸克的能量态和虚量态的自由交合,不同形式的交合形成了多种形态的结构体。     

Al—12Ti机械合金化过程的结构演变

采用三种不同类型的球磨机对高Ａｌ含量的Ａｌ－Ｔｉ元素进行球磨试验，研究了其结构演变的特点和影响因素．Ａｌ－Ｔｉ混合粉末在高能球磨过程中的结构演变与球磨输入能量有很大关系，输入能量高的球磨方式能导致Ｔｉ完全过饱和固溶于Ａｌ中，甚至形成部分非晶相和Ｌｌ２有序相；中等输入能量只能形成过饱和固溶体，不能形成非晶相；输入能量较低则不能使Ｔｉ完全溶于Ａｌ．球磨输入能量还对最终球磨态粉末的畸变程度和晶粒大小有重要作用，输入能量高的球磨机制备的机械合金化粉末的畸变明显高于另外两种球磨机制备的粉末，且晶粒更细．高的畸变和细的晶粒可能是促进部分非晶化的原因之一．     

Ni7Zr2非晶合金制备及其磁性能研究

采用行星式高能球磨机,通过在室温下球磨纯元素混合粉末制备出Ni7Zr2非晶合金粉末.应用X射线衍射(XRD)、差热分析(DTA)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对不同球磨时间的混合粉末进行了研究.结果发现球磨时间对混合粉末的结构及颗粒形貌均存在显著影响.随着球磨时间的增加,Ni、Zr颗粒发生严重塑性变形,并且通过冷焊团聚起来,形成具有层状结构的复合颗粒.由于磨球的剧烈撞击,使得结构发生了严重的畸变,从而破坏了原有的有序结构而形成了无序结构.另外,在进一步球磨过程中,合金的晶粒不断减小,形成高体积分数的晶界,而金属粉末不断地发生塑性变形,形成了点缺陷、位错等高密度缺陷,晶格发生严重的畸变,晶体自由能也相应不断上升,最后产生了非晶转变.磁性能测量表明,该合金粉末具有较好的软磁性能.     

高能球磨纳米镍粉制备块体材料的研究

采用高能球磨法制备了纳米晶Ni粉末,对纳米晶粉末进行预压烧结,获得纳米晶镍块体材料.采用显微分析方法研究了纳米晶粉末和块体材料的显微组织结构.试验结果表明,高能球磨所得镍粉平均晶粒尺寸为10 nm;预压烧结块体的平均晶粒尺寸在100 nm以下;块体相对致密度在烧结温度为0.6Tm时达到最大值.     

钒和金纳米晶体晶粒长大临界温度的“尺寸—形状”模型

处于亚稳态的纳米晶体中晶粒在一定临界温度开始长大变为粗晶,该临界温度依赖晶粒中原子迁移所需的能量.根据纳米晶体中晶粒长大的微观过程以及晶粒中原子迁移能量状态与晶粒尺寸、形状的相关性,建立了计算纳米晶粒长大临界温度的"尺寸—形状"模型.基于该模型计算了钒和金纳米晶体中晶粒长大的临界温度,结果表明纳米晶粒长大的临界温度随晶粒尺寸的减少而降低,并且与晶粒形状相关,表现了明显的"尺寸—形状"效应.该理论模型计算结果与实验结果相吻合.     

不锈钢上金属氧化物薄膜的分析及其耐蚀性研究

作者用高频溅射法在不锈钢ＳＵＳ３０４ＢＡ上镀Ｔａ、Ｔｉ、Ｓｉ、Ａｌ、Ｚｒ的五种氧化物薄膜，并研究了它们的结构、组成及耐蚀性．发现ｐＨｐｚｃ低的氧化物薄膜有好的耐蚀性．     

利用双束技术制备纳米锆氧化物薄膜的研究

作者采用离子束溅射沉积Zr的同时,进行氧离子的轰击,随着注入离子束流密度的变化,所形成的锆氧化物薄膜从非晶态向晶态转化,其形成的晶态薄膜为纳米量级范围内的微晶,实验发现,衬底不同对形成纳米锆氧化物的临界氧离子束流密度也不同,作者还对纳米晶粒的相结构及其化学组成进行了相应的分析。     

Effect of vanadium carbide on commercial pure aluminum

The effect of vanadium carbide (VC) on the grain size of commercial pure aluminum was experimentally investigated by varying the content of VC, the holding time, and casting temperature. The refining efficiencies of VC and Al5Ti1B were also compared. The refined samples of commercial pure aluminum were examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results suggest that VC is a good refiner of commercial pure aluminum. The addition of only 0.3wt% VC can decrease the grain size of aluminum to 102 μm, whereas the casting temperature and holding time have little effect on the grain size. The refining efficiency of VC is better than that of Al5Ti1B. The VC particles in molten aluminum act as nuclei and the grain refinement of aluminum alloys by VC particles is achieved via heterogeneous nucleation.     

A 600-year flood history in the Yangtze River drainage: Comparison between a subaqueous delta and historical records

Based on grain size analysis and high-resolution elemental scanning of core YD0901, taken from the subaqueous Yangtze River delta, a 600-year flood history was reconstructed for the Yangtze River drainage system. Zr/Rb ratios were chosen as a proxy for Yangtze River floods. Zr resides mainly in the coarse-grained minerals, and Rb is found in the fine-grained minerals. When floods occur, the discharge of the Yangtze River increases, which carries more coarse-grained minerals into the East China Sea. Therefore, deposition of coarse-grained minerals significantly increases relative to fine-grained minerals on the subaqueous delta, and subsequently the Zr/Rb ratios also increase. The higher the Zr/Rb peaks, the greater number of coarse particles deposited by saltation processes. Zr/Rb peaks correlate very well with historical records for Yangtze River floods. Especially at about AD 1870, the Zr/Rb ratio reached a maximum value over the last 600 years, which is consistent with "the extreme flood event" in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River in AD 1870, as indicated in the historical records. Results show that floods have occurred at a relatively high frequency over the last 600 years, which is consistent with historical records when, during the Ming-Qing Dynasty, floods occurred once every 4 years. In addition, spectral analysis of the Zr/Rb ratio showed that there is close link between the Yangtze River floods and ENSO intensity.     

Ti微合金化对3.5Ni钢低温韧性的影响

利用光学显微镜和透射电镜观察不同Ti含量3.5Ni钢试样的组织及析出物,并通过测定其-80～-120℃的夏比冲击功来研究Ti微合金化对3.5Ni钢低温韧性的影响。结果表明,与0.042Ti试样相比,0.079Ti试样在热轧态和正火+回火态时晶粒大小相同,但其热轧态组织中珠光体细化,且正火+回火态组织中TiN数量增多,平均尺寸约为150nm;正火+回火处理后,0.079Ti试样在-80～-120℃的夏比冲击功为233～23J,均低于0.042Ti试样相应值(234～66J);对于正火+回火态试样,较粗大TiN粒子的析出是造成其低温韧性降低的主要原因。     

In situ observation of austenite grain growth behavior in the simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone of Ti-microalloyed steels

The austenite grain growth behavior in a simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone during thermal cycling was investigated via in situ observation. Austenite grains nucleated at ferrite grain boundaries and then grew in different directions through movement of grain boundaries into the ferrite phase. Subsequently, the adjacent austenite grains impinged against each other during the α→γ transformation. After the α→γ transformation, austenite grains coarsened via the coalescence of small grains and via boundary migration between grains. The growth process of austenite grains was a continuous process during heating, isothermal holding, and cooling in simulated thermal cycling. Abundant finely dispersed nanoscale TiN particles in a steel specimen containing 0.012wt% Ti effectively retarded the grain boundary migration, which resulted in refined austenite grains. When the Ti concentration in the steel was increased, the number of TiN particles decreased and their size coarsened. The big particles were not effective in pinning the austenite grain boundary movement and resulted in coarse austenite grains.