饱和砂土动力学基本特性及其应用途径的研究

阐述了饱和砂土的动有效抗剪强度,往返荷载下的物态变化规律,以及基于物态变化、剪切变形非线性、剪缩剪胀性和压缩回胀性的有效应力应变本构特性。揭示了动载下饱和砂土存在塑性阻尼和粘滞阻尼。提出了广义Ｂｉｏｔ固结理论基础上考虑真实粘滞阻尼特性的饱和砂土反应分析新途径。     

旋转硬化与统一硬化参量在修正剑桥模型中的应用

针对修正剑桥模型不能模拟土体剪胀性、应力路径转折时土体的应力应变特性以及应力引起的各向异性,将旋转运动硬化理论引入到修正剑桥模型中,给出了椭圆屈服面的旋转运动硬化机制,把等向硬化的修正剑桥模型扩展为旋转运动硬化模型.同时,为了能够反映砂土和超固结土的剪胀等本构特性,用统一硬化参量H代替修正剑桥模型中的等向硬化参数一塑性体积应变εpv,建立了一个新的基于旋转硬化与统一硬化参量的改进的修正剑桥模型.对修正剑桥模型、旋转运动硬化修正剑桥模型和新模型进行了定性对比,结果表明,新模型不但能够反映应力路径转折时土体的特性,也能描述土体的剪缩和剪胀.     

基于修正塑性功函数的砂土硬软化本构模型

基于与应力路径无关的修正塑性功函数,提出了一个新的可以考虑砂土变形强度应力路径效应的弹塑性硬化-软化本构模型.模型所采用的与应力路径不相关的修正塑性硬化函数是基于砂土多应力路径平面应变压缩试验结果、经过数学拟合而得到的.文中建议的本构模型属于等向硬化-软化、考虑非关联流动的弹塑性模型.有限元计算结果与室内试验结果比较表明,该模型不仅可以较好地模拟砂土变形强度的应力路径效应,同时也可以模拟砂土变形强度的应力水平依存性、强度的固有结构性各向异性、初始空隙比依存性,以及砂土伴随剪切破坏的软化效应.     

掺入轮胎橡胶颗粒对砂土剪切性状的影响

为有效提高砂土填料的抗剪强度并降低其重度,利用废弃轮胎橡胶颗粒的良好表面摩擦性与低重度特性,将其掺入到砂土填料,形成加筋机制,通过直剪和三轴压缩试验,研究多种掺入比与不同围压条件下砂土剪切性状,对应力-应变特征进行模拟,并提出模型参数.根据实验结果,峰值剪切强度随橡胶颗粒掺入量增加而减小,峰值偏应力或峰值应力比在300～400 kPa围压下随橡胶掺入量增加而减小,在100～200 kPa围压下,基本不变,砂土泊松比受橡胶颗粒掺入量影响,并随主应力发生"弯转".围压小于200 kPa,掺入10%～20%的轮胎橡胶颗粒可提高砂土的抗剪强度,并降低材料重度,砂胶混合材料应力-应变关系可用Duncan-Chang模型模拟.     

初始相对密实度对饱和细海砂直剪特性的影响

以松散、中密、密实等不同初始相对密实状态的饱和细海砂为研究对象,利用直接剪切试验研究了饱和细海砂的剪切特性。研究表明:砂土的初始相对密实度对其应力应变关系有重要影响,密实砂土呈现强度软化,松散砂土呈现强度硬化;相对密实度越大,饱和细海砂的剪应力峰值越大;同一相对密实度,饱和细海砂的剪应力峰值随竖向应力的增大而增大。竖向应力较低时,不同密实度的饱和细海砂在剪切过程中,体积先减小(即剪缩)后增大(即剪胀);竖向应力较高时,呈先剪缩-剪胀-再剪缩的趋势。内摩擦角随相对密实度的增加而增大。     

以塑性功函数为硬化参数的土的弹塑性模型

为解决清华弹塑性模型参数多和参数确定困难的问题 ,以永定河砂试验资料为基础 ,提出了以塑性功 Wp 的函数为硬化参数的土的弹塑性模型。给出了模型参数用等向压缩试验和常规三轴试验确定的方法。模型可用于三维应力状态的分析。应用所建模型对中密永定河砂的应力应变关系预测曲线与试验曲线进行比较 ,结果表明它可以较好模拟砂土变形的剪胀、剪缩特性     

循环预剪作用对饱和松砂抗液化强度影响

利用土工静力-动力液压三轴-扭转多功能剪切仪,在均等固结条件下,针对福建标准砂(Dr=30%),进行了不同应力幅值的循环预剪试验和二次加载液化试验,探讨了波浪荷载的循环预剪作用对饱和砂土抗液化强度的影响.试验结果表明:循环预剪作用降低了饱和砂土孔隙比,但其影响程度较小.在较小的应力幅值范围和一定的循环次数内,循环预剪作用过程中所产生的最大孔隙水压力随着所施加的循环应力幅值的增加而呈线性的增长.在循环预剪过程中饱和砂土未发生液化条件下,随着循环预剪应力幅值的增加,饱和砂土的抗液化强度也不断得到提高.分析其原因,主要是在施加循环预剪作用时,饱和砂土孔隙的均匀化过程和砂土颗粒间咬合作用的增强,使砂土形成了较为稳定的结构.     

一种改进的饱和黏土运动硬化边界面模型

为了模拟海洋风、浪等循环荷载下饱和黏土的循环稳定性,基于运动硬化准则建立改进的边界面模型.改进的模型中,基于硬化中心和边界面可移动的硬化准则,描述循环荷载引起土体的各向异性;以椭圆形边界面左端点对应的应力作为运动硬化变量,建立新型的边界面方程,以解决传统的边界面方程与该硬化准则不相适应的问题;在边界面方程中引入形状参数,以增加模型的灵活性;结合边界面的演化规律,提出一种详细的塑性模量插值方法,使模型能够真实地描述饱和黏土在低应力水平下的循环稳定特性.通过对不同固结应力和循环应力水平下累积偏应变随循环周次变化关系的预测,初步验证了改进模型的合理性;通过模拟结果与试验结果的对比,进一步验证了该模型的有效性.     

高应力下干砂与饱和砂单剪特性比较

在自行改造、加工的高应力单剪仪试验系统上,对饱和粗砂、干粗砂、饱和细砂、干细砂与钢材、混凝土界面的剪切特性进行了正交试验研究.经过对试验数据的回归分析发现,高应力单剪条件下的剪应力-剪切位移关系曲线段与双曲线模型较一致.干砂界面的初始剪切刚度和界面抗剪强度均大于同基底下饱和砂界面的值.通过对试验数据的方差分析知,相对于土性和基底材料两影响因素,砂的干湿状态对剪切特性的影响比较显著.     

结构接触面剪切特性及软硬化损伤模型

采用大型直剪仪进行了黏性土、砂土两种土样与混凝土接触面的直剪试验,研究了不同法向应力条件下,土与混凝土接触面上的应力、应变及破坏强度等特征.试验结果表明:对于黏性土与混凝土接触面的剪切加载,剪切过程表现出应变软化特性,残余应力水平趋于稳定状态;砂土与混凝土接触面的剪切过程主要表现为应变硬化,残余应力缓慢增长.针对土与结构接触面剪切特性,从损伤力学理论出发提出了考虑应变硬化和软化特性的结构接触面剪切损伤本构模型及模型参数确定的方法.该模型能充分反映土-结构接触面的应变软化和硬化特性,参数较少,方便实用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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