Energy transfer mechanism of PBS-thylakoid complexes

Conclusion In this work, we studied the energy transfer mechanism among PBS and two reaction centers (PS I and PS II) in PBS-thylakoid complexes by using steady-state spectra (77 K) and spectral deconvolution techniques. The experimental results indicated that the PBS-thylakoid complexes could perform the function of light state transition just like intact algae cell, and confirmed that PBSs were directly connected with PS I and PS II reaction centers separately. The energy transfer pathways from PBSs to two reaction centers are PBS-PS I and PBS-PS II.     

红藻藻胆体内部蛋白间的能量传递研究 Ⅰ.人工合成R-PE/R-PC/APC复合物内的能量传递

研究了人工合成的藻胆体模拟复合物的时间分辨荧光光谱,并运用多指数拟合的方法对数据进行了详细的处理和分析,结果表明能量在Ｒ－ＰＥ和Ｒ－ＰＣ之间的传递时间与能量从Ｒ－ＰＣ传递到ＡＰＣ的时间几乎相等（５０ｐｓ）;除此之外,Ｒ－ＰＥ到ＡＰＣ还有两种能量传递的通道,能量在这两个通道的传递时间分别为１１０ｐｓ和４００ｐｓ．即：蛋白之间的能量传递通道是并行的．     

The excitation energy transfer between β-Car and Chla molecules in PS Ⅱ core antenna complexes CP43 and CP47

The excitation energy transfer efficiency between β-Car and Chla molecules in purified CP43 and CP47 was calculated by comparing absorption and fluorescence excitation after normalization at 550 nm, CP43 had an energy transfer efficiency of 29.1% while the CP47 had an energy transfer efficiency of 62.8%, proving that excitation energy was transferred between β-Car and Chla molecules in CP43 and CP47 at normal conditions. The excitation energy transfer between β-Car and Chla molecules in CP43 and CP47 may occur through the “Dexter” mechanism and the distance between these two kinds of pigments should be less than 1 nm. In addition, the results were also used to discuss the conformational relationship between β-Car and Chla molecules in CP43 and CP47.     

Effect of Phosphatidylcholine on the Steady State Fluorescence of Chlorophyll in Photosystem Ⅱ Particles

Phosphatidylcholine (PC) accounts for less than 1% of the total lipids in plant photosystem II (PSII) particles.In this experiment, PSII particles were reconstituted with PC to construct PSII-PC vesicles.The effect of PC on the steady state fluorescence of chlorophyll (Chl) in PSII particles was studied.The results show that PC significantly affected the fluorescence intensity, but did not obviously affect the fluorescence emission band peak position.PC also did not obviously affect the absorbance at 436 nm or the amide I band peak position in FT-IR spectroscopy of PSII particles.The results suggest that PC may affect the light energy transfer from the antenna chlorophyll molecules to the reaction center chlorophyll molecule (P680).     

Effect of Phosphatidylcholine on the Steady State Fluorescence of Chlorophyll in Photosystem Ⅱ Particles

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｐｈｏｔｏｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓｌｉｇｈｔｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｉｎ ｐｌａｎｔｓｏｃｃｕｒｓｉｎｔｈｅｔｈｙｌａｋｏｉｄｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｌａｓｔｓ .Ｔｈｅｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｔｈｙｌａｋｏｉｄｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅｓａｒｅｓｕｐｅｒｍｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｉｎｇｏｆ ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｓ ,ｌｉｐｉｄｓａｎｄ ｐｉｇｍｅｎｔｓｗｈｉｃｈｒｅｇｕｌａｔｅａｎｄｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｔｈｅｌｉｇｈｔｅｎｅｒｇｙａｂｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎ ,…     

The excitation energy transfer between b -Car and Chla molecules in PSⅡ core antenna complexes CP43 and CP47

The excitation energy transfer efficiency between b -Car and Chla molecules in purified CP43 and CP47 was calculated by comparing absorption and fluorescence excitation after normalization at 550 nm, CP43 had an energy transfer efficiency of 29.1% while the CP47 had an energy transfer efficiency of 62.8%, proving that excitation energy was transferred between b -Car and Chla molecules in CP43 and CP47 at normal conditions. The excitation energy transfer between b -Car and Chla molecules in CP43 and CP47 may occur through the "Dexter" mechanism and the distance between these two kinds of pigments should be less than 1 nm. In addition, the results were also used to discuss the conformational relationship between b -Car and Chla molecules in CP43 and CP47.     

红藻藻胆体内部蛋白间的能量传递研究 Ⅲ.人工合成复合物R-PC/APC内的能量传递

研究了人工合成的二元藻胆体模拟复合物（ＲＰＣ／ＡＰＣ）的时间分辨荧光光谱并运用多指数拟合的方法对数据进行了详细的处理和分析,研究结果证实了能量在ＲＰＣ和ＡＰＣ之间的传递时间与能量从ＲＰＥ传递到ＲＰＣ的时间几乎相等（５０ｐｓ）;除此之外,ＲＰＣ到ＡＰＣ没有其它能量传递的通道．结果为能量可以从ＲＰＥ直接传递到ＡＰＣ同时也可以经过ＲＰＣ传递到ＡＰＣ,ＲＰＣ作为能量传递的中间受体,在实际的体系中其作用是通过竞争的机制实现的．     

Effects of different aggregation forms of LHC Ⅱ from Bryopsis corticulans on the excited state properties of Chl a

Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopies have been used to study the excited state properties of Chl a in different aggregation forms of light-harvesting complex Ⅱ （LHC Ⅱ） from an intertidal green alga, Bryopsis corticulans, i.e. LHC Ⅱ monomer, trimer and oligomer. When either Chl a or Chl b was selectively excited, the observed decrease in Chl a fluorescence in the oligomer is proved to be caused mainly by the fast fluorescence quenching among Chl a molecules, rather than by the decrease in Chl b-to-Chl a singlet excitation transfer efficiency. Analyses of the picosecond time-resolved fluorescence kinetics identified two exponential decay components in all of the three forms of LHC Ⅱ： a longer-lived component （4.1 -4.7 ns） originating from fluorescence emission of Chl a, and a shorter-lived one （135-540 ps） from the rapid equilibration of singlet excitation among Chl a molecules. The time constant of excitation equilibration is 135 ps in oligomer, 520 ps in trimer and 540 ps in monomer. These results imply that LHC Ⅱ in oligomer form is inherently able to quench Chl a excitation, a mechanism which may be related to the photoprotection of PS Ⅱ via changing the degree of LHC Ⅱ aggregation in Bryopsis corticulans.     

Excitation energy distribution between two photosystems inPorphyra yezoensis and its significance in photosynthesis evolution

Comparative investigation on energy distribution between two photosystems were carried out in the sporo- phytes and gametophytes of Porphyra yezoensis. By perfor- ming 77 K fluorescence spectra, we suggested that there probably existed a pathway for energy transfer from PSⅡ to PSⅠ to redistribute the absorbed energy in gametophytes, while no such a way or at minor level in sporophytes. Electron transfer inhibitor DCMU blocked the energy transfer from PSⅡ to PSⅠ in gametophytes, but no obvious effects on sporophytes. These indicated that excitation energy distribution between two photosystems in gametophytes was more cooperative than that in sporophytes. These data in ontogenesis reflected the evolution process of photosynthetic organisms and supported the hypothesis of independent evolution of each photosystem.     

紫细菌外周捕光天线LH2中的超快光物理

采用飞秒泵浦-探测技术研究了紫细菌外周捕光天线LH2中的超快光物理过程,在天然LH2中,B800到B850分子之间的能量传递时间在0.65ps左右;在B800主吸收带的兰侧激发时,观察到一个约400fs的超快弛豫过程,可归属于B800分子之间的能量分布过程;在848nm激发时观察到150fs的超快相归属于位于B850的激发能向其近邻分子的离域过程,几个皮秒的快相归属于激发能在次最低激子态和最低激子态间的分布过程.     

PSⅡ反应中心复合物制备条件的选择

采用Triton X—100处理、超速离心和离子交换层析等方法,由菠菜PSⅡ颗粒制备得PSⅡ反应中心DI/D2/Cyt b559复合物。整个过程分为PSⅡ颗粒的解体和解体后反应中心的分离两步骤。避光、低温、PH值、解体时间和Triton X—100与PsⅡ颗粒的相对量是影响PSⅡ颗粒解体的因素。Triton X—100浓度和NaCl浓度则影响解体后反应中心复合物的分离。并比较了去垢剂类型、植物种类和叶片生长期对PSⅡ颗粒解体的影响.     

Synthesis and energy transfer of model conjugate of phycobilisome rods

The conjugate of R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) and C-phycocyanin (C-PC) was synthesized through a heterobifunctional coupling reagent, N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate. The molar ratio of R-PE to C-PC was determined by absorption spectra, and the result was 2:1. The energy transfer phenomena were observed from steady-state fluorescence spectra. The calculated result showed that the energy transfer efficiency from R-PE to C-PC was 88%. The energy transfer kinetics was determined by picosecond time-resolved fluorescence spectra. The time constant of energy transfer from R-PE to C-PC was 80 ps, which was much longer than that in the rod of native phycobilisomes.     

红藻藻胆体内部蛋白间的能量传递研究 Ⅱ.人工合成复合物RPE/RPC以及RPE/APC内的能量传递

研究了２种人工合成的二元藻胆体模拟复合物（ＲＰＥ／ＲＰＣ和ＲＰＥ／ＡＰＣ）的时间分辨荧光光谱并运用多指数拟合的方法对数据进行了详细的处理和分析,研究结果证实了能量在ＲＰＥ和ＲＰＣ之间的传递时间与能量从ＲＰＥ传递到ＡＰＣ的时间几乎相等（５０ｐｓ）;此外,ＲＰＥ到ＡＰＣ还有２个能量传递的途径,能量在这２个通道的传递时间分别为：１３５ｐｓ和４３６ｐｓ,而ＲＰＥ到ＲＰＣ的光谱解叠结果并未显示有上述的通道,即：能量可以从ＲＰＥ直接传递到ＡＰＣ同时也可以经过ＲＰＣ传递到ＡＰＣ,在实际的体系中应该是二者竞争的机制     

柠檬酸三丁酯合成的热力学分析

针对柠檬酸与正丁醇反应合成柠檬酸三丁酯的体系,采用基团贡献法和其他计算方法进行热力学的相关估算与分析.在275~450 K范围内,研究反应焓变、熵变、Gibbs自由能变化量、化学平衡常数、柠檬酸的平衡转化率随温度的变化情况,并探讨反应物摩尔比对柠檬酸转化率的影响.计算结果表明:该反应为吸热反应;在分水情况下,在366~450 K范围内,Gibbs自由能变化量小于0,并随着温度的升高而减小,说明该反应是可行的,升温有利于反应的进行;升高温度或者增大反应物的醇酸摩尔比,可提高柠檬酸的转化率,且与实测值非常接近     

3种药物及个人护理品对斜生栅藻生长及光系统Ⅱ的影响

研究了乳糖酸红霉素(ETM)、双氯芬酸钠(DCF)及壬基酚十氧乙烯醚(NPEO10)等3种药物及个人护理品(PPCPs)对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)的生长及光系统Ⅱ(PS Ⅱ)的影响。结果表明:3种PPCPs对斜生栅藻的生长及其PSⅡ均有抑制作用并以ETM的毒性最大,但NPEO10在低质量浓度时(0~0.05 mg/L)对斜生栅藻的生长及PSⅡ具一定的促进作用。对叶绿素荧光快速反应曲线的分析显示,ETM同时抑制斜生栅藻PSⅡ反应中心的供体侧和受体侧,使PSⅡ反应中心失活并降低光化学反应效率等,而DCF和NPEO10主要抑制电子传递链QA后的电子传递过程。研究显示叶绿素荧光诱导动力学参数对于反映PPCPs对藻类的毒性特征具有较高的敏感性及一定的特异性,可作为PPCPs污染生态风险评价的潜在候选生物标志物。     

弱光和Tris处理条件下PSⅡ放氧核心复合物的损伤

弱光条件下(120μmol·m-2·s-1)用Tris(0.8mol/L,pH6.5～10.0)处理具有放氧活性的PSⅡ核心复合物,可引起33kD锰稳定蛋白的释放和锰复合物的破坏,并导致核心复合物的结构发生明显的改变.温和电泳、SDS-PAGE和双向电泳分析表明,主要是PSⅡ核心复合物的二聚体和单体减少,并且复合物部分解体;除反应中心D1和D2蛋白外,核心天线CP43和CP7的量也减少,33kD锰稳定蛋白要发生降解.避光时,PSⅡ核心复合物不受影响.     

光照条件下Rose bengal处理对植物类囊体膜，PS II颗粒活性及多肽组分的影响

研究了Rose bengal处理对菠菜类囊体膜及PS II颗粒的叶绿素荧光发射光谱、蛋白质内源荧光发射光谱、DCIP光还原活性及多肽组分的影响。结果表明：单线态氧可改变类囊体膜的结构,并且可破坏PS II反应中心及LHC II中叶绿素分子的结合状态,引起类囊体膜PS II天线系统中的叶绿素捕光效率下降,还可引起光合电子传递能力下降和类囊体膜蛋白构象的改变,但至少在短时间内不会造成类囊体膜多肽组分的降解。     

PSII核心复合物超快动力学研究

应用时间分辨荧光光谱技术，研究了高等植物光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）核心复合物中能量传递超快动力学。对实验测得的荧光衰减曲线，进行数据处理，解得荧光衰减的3个时间常数分别为3.9,20.4,930.5ps，各组分荧光占总荧光的百分比分别为1.0%,12.7%,86.3%。对由全局分析得以的荧光强度随波长变化曲线运用高斯多峰解叠运算，解得3个峰值波长分别为671.03,684.74,696.16nm。通过分析，给出了激发能在PSⅡ核心复合物中超快传递的动力学信息及相应的能级关系图。     

PbWO4晶体F心及F+心吸收带的能级计算

采用离散变分法计算了PbWO4晶体的能带结构，并用F心及F^ 心的类氢离子1S波函数结合离散变分法计算了F心及F^ 心的电子基态能级，计算结果表明，F心及F^ 心电子基态能级分布在禁带中，分别位于距导带底1.97eV(630nm)及2.36eV(525nm)处，它们的吸收跃迁对应于基态到导带底的跃迁，使晶体呈现F心及F^ 心吸收带，化学计量PbWO4晶体的辐照诱导吸收谱位于500-700nm，呈现一个宽吸收带，高斯分解的结果表明；该吸收带是由两个峰值分别位于550nm和680nm的吸收带叠加而成的，这两个吸收带分别对应于F^ 心及F心吸收带，计算结果与实验数据吻合较好。     

二氧化硅电脱氧反应的交流阻抗谱

采用交流阻抗等电化学技术研究了SiO2在等物质的量CaCl2和NaCl熔盐中的电脱氧反应.交流阻抗谱表明,SiO2电脱氧为单质硅的反应是两步反应,与循环伏安曲线上的两个还原电流峰相符合.电脱氧后电极产物的XRD分析证实,在反应体系存在着下列中间物:SiO,CaSiO3和Ca2SiO4.通过拟合交流阻抗谱与等效电路,得到SiO2电脱氧反应的电荷传递电阻、双电层电容和活化能.在低电压范围内,电荷传递电阻和活化能均随阴极电压的增加而降低,表明SiO2电脱氧反应的速度控制步骤是电荷传递过程.本研究工作对提高SiO2电脱氧过程的电流效率有重要意义.