提高庆大霉素产生菌F-212孢子萌发率的研究

本文研究了三十一种孢子萌发因子对庆大霉素产生菌棘孢小单孢菌F—212的孢子萌发率和芽长的影响。分别进行了单因子、双因子及四因子试验,并通过正交试验找出了促进孢子萌发的最适剂量组合,为进一步提高庆大霉素发酵水平创造了条件。     

云南省玉米灰斑病菌孢子相关生物学特性研究

为探明玉米灰斑病在云南省发病较重的原因,该试验在田间条件下,采用人工喷雾接种玉米灰斑病菌,研究玉米灰斑病潜育期、病斑产孢、孢子飞散以及菌龄、温度、湿度和光照对孢子萌发的影响.结果表明:昆明地区玉米灰斑病在感病品种会单4号上的潜育期为12～13d;病斑产孢量随显症天数的增加呈单峰曲线,显症后24～27d病斑产孢量达到最大值;玉米灰斑病菌孢子主要在夜间飞散,风或雨有助于孢子的飞散与传播;菌龄对孢子萌发影响较大,随菌龄的增长,孢子萌发率降低;在10～30℃时,分生孢子均能萌发,但以22℃最适,35℃以上或4℃时均不能萌发;水滴有利于孢子萌发,光照对孢子萌发影响较小.     

组培条件对金发藓Polytrichum commune (Bryopsida:Musci)孢子萌发的影响(英文)

在组培条件下探讨了培养基类型,蔗糖浓度,光照强度,温度和铅离子对金发藓孢子萌发的影响。结果表明:含有丰富营养成分的培养基有利于孢子的两极萌发,而含有低浓度营养成分的培养基则有利于孢子的萌发。在含有矿质离子的培养基中,光对孢子萌发没有影响。然而,在没有矿质离子的SM培养基中,光能显著地抑制孢子的萌发。在w=0.5%的蔗糖浓度和20～30℃的温度范围内,孢子萌发率较高。随着铅浓度的升高,孢子萌发率显著降低。组培条件下金发藓孢子萌发所需的上述条件也符合其野外生长的环境特征。研究结果揭示了对金发藓孢子萌发起促进或抑制的环境因子,有助于在野外或组培条件下人为地培养金发藓。     

稻粒黑粉病菌孢子萌发的影响因素试验

对影响稻粒黑粉病菌(Neovossia horrida)孢子萌发的主要因素进行了试验研究,结果表明:厚垣孢子在室内干燥条件下贮存3年左右即丧失活力;度过休眠期的厚垣孢子在吸湿、感光、适宜的温度及充足的氧气条件下即可萌发;萌发的适宜温度为25~30℃;水层厚度小于0.5mm较为适宜;荧光、紫外光或散射光处理均可促进萌发,光照强度以6000lx为宜;每天光照时间为10~12h,5d后厚垣孢子大量萌发;先连续黑暗水培3~4d,再间歇光照3d,也可大量萌发;体积分数为(50~200)×10-6的赤霉素对其萌发具有一定的刺激作用;供试的几种营养物质对其萌发影响甚微。     

茶藨生柱锈重寄生木霉分生孢子萌发的生物学特性

3株茶藨生柱锈菌(Cronartium ribicola J.C.Fischer)重寄生木霉(Trichoderma spp.)(TR1、TR2、TR3)的分生孢子在水琼脂、葡萄糖、PDA、改良Fries、华山松树皮浸汁和锈孢子培养基上均能萌发,TR1在各种培养基上的萌发率最高,萌发速度最快,而TR2和TR3在水琼脂和葡萄糖培养基上的萌发则较差;3个菌株孢子萌发的最适温度范围为20～30℃,其中TR1的萌发温度范围最广,在15～35℃内均能较好地萌发;3种孢子萌发的最适pH范围为4～5,相对湿度范围35%～100%(50%以上较易萌发);黑暗和交替黑暗能刺激TR1孢子萌发,连续光照则有利于TR2和TR3孢子的萌发.     

细叶小羽藓孢子的超低温保存

通过对干燥时间及预处理温度等超低温保存条件的实验探索,筛选出细叶小羽藓(Haplocladium microphyllum)孢子超低温最适保存条件,利用最适保存条件对细叶小羽藓孢子进行不同时间(1 d、15 d、30 d、90 d、180 d)的超低温保存研究,并与未经任何处理直接投入液氮的孢子进行比较.结果表明:(1)细叶小羽藓孢子在硅胶干燥5 h、-20℃低温预处理和室温自来水化冻的条件下的平均萌发率最高(88.26%),干燥20 h、常温处理的孢子与干燥5 h、-20℃低温预处理的孢子平均萌发率差异不显著;(2)液氮保存1 d后的孢子平均萌发率(88.26%)高于未用液氮保存的孢子平均萌发率(77.90%),保存30 d后的孢子平均萌发率降为6.03%,而保存90 d后平均萌发率又出现上升的趋势,达到88.47%,保存180 d后平均萌发率仍维持在49.46%,相对保持率为63.49%.因此,使用液氮超低温长期保存细叶小羽藓孢子是可行的.     

3种海藻的粗蛋白对植物病原真菌的抑制作用

以圆弧青霉(Penicillium cyclopium)、绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)、红色链孢霉(Neurcsporacrassa)、玉米大斑病菌(Helminthosporium turcicum)、稻瘟病菌(Piricularia oryzae)和黄曲霉(Aspergillusflavus)等6种植物病原真菌为供试菌,检测了3种海藻(铁钉菜Ishige okamurae、羊栖菜Sargassum fusiforme、冈村凹顶藻Laurencia okamurai)的粗蛋白对它们的菌丝生长及孢子萌发的影响.实验表明,3种海藻的粗蛋白对6种真菌的菌丝生长及孢子萌发的作用效果不同,其中冈村凹顶藻粗蛋白对红色链孢霉菌丝的生长,羊栖菜粗蛋白对稻瘟病菌孢子的抑制作用最明显,而羊栖菜和铁钉菜粗蛋白对红色链孢霉的菌丝生长,冈村凹顶藻粗蛋白对绿色木霉及黄曲霉的孢子萌发均无抑制效果.3种海藻的粗蛋白能凝集兔血红细胞,表明它们当中含有凝集素.     

砂仁叶斑病病原菌生物学特性的研究

通过对砂仁叶斑病病原菌（Phyllosticta glycines Thum.）生物学特性的研究表明：适宜的温度和酸碱度有利于病菌的生长;病菌生长的温度范围为5～35℃,菌丝生长的最适p H值为7;孢子萌发的最适p H值为6;病菌菌丝在含淀粉和硝酸钙的Czapek培养基上生长最快;分生孢子萌发的最佳碳源是乳糖;菌丝对光照条件要求不严格,但紫外光能促进分生孢子的形成;无碳、氮源时,菌丝生长不良,长势差;RH95%以下时,分生孢子不能萌发;菌丝和分生孢子的致死温度为分别为55℃和60℃。     

多头绒泡菌的生活史

利用燕麦-琼脂培养、基物培养及扫描电镜技术研究了多头绒泡菌的个体发育过程,在燕麦琼脂培养基上完成了从孢子到孢子的生活史.结果表明,多头绒泡菌生活史包括单核的黏变形体或游动胞、多核的营养体原质团以及孢子的形成等阶段.孢子球形,表面具细小疣点;孢子萌发为裂式,释放黏变形体.原质团类型为显型;成熟原质团亮黄色,可形成多个孢囊.琼脂培养基上获得的多头绒泡菌孢子与野生型相似,并具有可育性.     

网状球囊霉孢子萌发和菌丝生长条件的优化

为了确定AM真菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长的最佳水平条件,采用L16(45)多因子正交实验对影响网状球囊霉孢子萌发和菌丝生长的因素进行了优化选择.结果表明:优组合为A4B2C2D3E3,即pH 8,水琼脂质量浓度10 g/L,培养周期10 d,后熟条件20 d,培养温度28℃为最佳组合.同时发现在优组合下孢子不仅萌发得早,萌发率高,菌丝生长也很旺盛.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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