新疆山普拉古代居民线粒体DNA研究

山普拉墓地位于新疆维吾尔自治区和田地区洛浦县城西南14km处,14C测定该墓地年代为公元前217至公元283年,属于古代新疆的于阗国遗存.实验通过4对套叠引物对山普拉古代居民线粒体基因组的高可变一区(364bp)进行扩增和测序,同时选择编码区6个位点做限制性片段长度分析(RFLP,Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism).从16例山普拉个体中得到了13个真实可靠的线粒体DNA数据.对线粒体DNA单倍型类群分析结果表明,山普拉古代居民同时具有西部欧亚大陆和东部欧亚大陆特有的单倍性类群,是一混合人群.多维尺度分析以及U3亚型的中介网络图分析表明,山普拉古代人群与伊朗人群及奥塞梯人群有一定母系遗传联系.     

内蒙古砧子山墓地古人的线粒体DNA多态性分析

为了研究内蒙古元上都遗址砧子山墓地古代人群的遗传结构及其可能来源,对该墓地古人的DNA进行了抽提、扩增和测序,获得了10个个体的线粒体DNA高可变一区序列.结合现代东亚、北亚、中亚和欧洲人的线粒体DNA数据进行了系统发育分析和多维尺度分析.研究结果表明:埋藏在砧子山墓地的元代居民为汉族人,主要是来自中国北方地区的汉族.本研究为揭示元代的复杂社会结构和人群历史动态提供了新的方法.     

新疆扎滚鲁克古代人群的线粒体DNA分析

从15例扎滚鲁克古代人牙齿样本中提取扩增线粒体DNA, 确定其单倍型归属, 并结合相关现代人群进行了系统发育分析和多维尺度分析. 结果表明,扎滚鲁克古代人群与现代中亚人群有较近的母系遗传关系, 是欧亚混合人群. 与以前的新疆古代人群研究相比, 该人群东部欧亚序列的成分明显增多, 这可能与人群所处的地理及历史时代相关.     

DNA序列分析

综述了DNA测序技术。对DNA序列分析方法,包括毛细管电泳、阵列毛细管电泳、芯片毛细管电泳、超薄层毛细管电泳、质谱法、原子探针法、杂交法、流动式单分子荧光检测法,作了详细评述。     

饮牛沟墓地古人骨线粒体DNA的研究

对内蒙古饮牛沟战国时期墓地的古代人群（Yng古代人群）进行分子生物学研究, 获得了线粒体高可变一区DNA序列, 初步确定了单倍型归属并搜寻其共享序列, 与现代人群对比构建系统发育树和多维尺度分析. 结果表明, 饮牛沟古代人群与现代东亚人群在母系遗传关系上较近.     

大口胭脂鱼线粒体DNA控制区序列的研究

采用PCR扩增、直接测序的方法得到了大口胭脂鱼线粒体DNA控制区的序列,经过对比分析,其序列全长为920bp,碱基含量分别为：胸腺嘧啶（T）29．8％,胞嘧啶（C）21．6％,腺嘌吟（A）32．4％,鸟嘌呤(G)16．2％,与其它鲤科鱼类相比,胸腺嘧啶含量略低,鸟嘌呤含量略高,其它则相似,成功地识别了终止序列区（nt,1-235处）、中央守区（nt236－566处）和保守序列区(nt．567－920）处,并找到了终止相关的序列ETAS以及保守D(CSB－D）和保守序列1、2、3（CSB1,CSB2,CSB3）,这以中以为将来进行大口胭脂鱼的种群分化研究和资源保护研究提供基础。     

内蒙古春秋战国时期古绵羊线粒体DNA分析

为了探讨中国绵羊的起源,对内蒙古凉城县小双古城和板城墓地春秋战国时期24个古绵羊进行了DNA分析,分别扩增并测序了线粒体DNA控制区271 bp和细胞色素6基因300 bp序列.系统发育树和中介网络图结果显示,中国内蒙古地区古绵羊存在3个含有不同频率的单倍型类群A(73.9%),B(17.4%)和C(8.7%),细胞色素b基因的分析结果显示这3个母系世系的分化时间远早于动物的驯化时间,这揭示了中国绵羊有3个不同的母系起源.研究还发现中国古绵羊群体与中国现代绵羊群体的遗传距离最近,并且二者之间的遗传结构极为相似,这表明2500年以来中国绵羊的遗传结构就已经趋于稳定,并对现代绵羊的基因贡献起着非常重要的作用.     

人类基因组与DNA序列分析

对人类基因组计划作了概述,介绍了人类基因的基本知识,并对DNA序列分析进行了报导。     

转座子Tn917的DNA序列计算机分析

通过计算机分析转座子Ｔｎ９１７的全序列，详细阐述了其物理图谱、结构功能及其转录调节机制．Ｔｎ９１７的５个ＯＲＦｓ排列在同一条ＤＮＡ链上，且阅读方向都从左至右．ＯＲＦ１－３起始点的左侧翼排列有启动子序列和Ｓｈｉｎｅ－Ｄａｌｇａｒｎｏ序列．ＯＲＦ５（编码转座酶）和ＯＲＦ４（编码拆分酶）的转录方向是一致的，翻译也紧密偶联在一起．在ＯＲＦ３和ＯＲＦ４之间存在１个ｒｅｓ位点，与Ｔｎ３中的ｒｅｓ位点基本同源．翻译衰减的功能与ｒＲＮＡ甲基化酶（由ＯＲＦ２编码的、ｅｒｍ基因的产物）诱导有关，在这个结构基因的左侧翼有２００ｂｐ的前导区域编码一个具调控功能的３６个氨基酸组成的多肽（由ＯＲＦ１编码）．     

DNA序列分析在金银花品种鉴定中的应用

本文采用ＲＡＰＤ标记方法对金银花两品系的ＤＮＡ指纹图谱进行分析,试图从ＤＮＡ分子水平上为两品系的鉴别提供依据,实验结果表明：ＲＡＰＤ技术可有效地用于金银花品种的分类与鉴别。     

系统发育分析在古DNA研究中的应用

介绍了系统发育分析的基本原理及各种构树方法的统计学基础,阐述了各种分析方法在古DNA数据分析中的具体应用,并对各种方法的优缺点进行了评价.分析了系统发育分析的局限性和发展趋势,以及古DNA研究的不断发展对其所提出的问题.     

Ancient DNA sequences of rice from the low Yangtze reveal significant genotypic divergence

Rice (Oryza sativa) was first domesticated in the lower and middle Yangtze regions of China, and rice remains have been found in many Chinese archaeological sites. Until now, only phenotypic archeobotanical evidence, such as the spikelet bases of ancient grains, has been used to speculate on the domestication process and domestication rate of rice. In this study, we sequenced 4 genomic segments from rice remains in Tianluoshan, a site of the local Hemudu Neolithic culture in the low Yangtze and two other archaeological sites (~2400 and 1200 BC, respectively). We compared our sequences with those of the current domesticated and wild rice (O. rufipogon) populations. At least two genotypes were found in the remains from each site, suggesting a heterozygotic state of the rice seeds. One ancient genotype was not found in the current domesticated population and might have been lost. The rice remains belonged to the japonica group, and most if not all were japonica-type, suggesting that the remains might be at an early stage of indica-japonica divergence or an indica-japonica mixture. We also identified sequences with significant similarity to those from species of Sapindales, Zygophyllales, and Brassicales, which is consistent with the identification of other plant remains in the Tianluoshan site and the common rice field weeds such as mustards in southern China.     

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of ancient Sampula population in Xinjiang

The archaeological site of Sampula cemetery was located about 14 km to the southwest of the Luo County in Xinjiang Khotan, China, belonging to the ancient Yutian kingdom. ¹⁴C analysis showed that this cemetery was used from 217 B.C. to 283 A.D. Ancient DNA was analyzed by 364 bp of the mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region I (mtDNA HVR-I), and by six restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) sites of mtDNA coding region. We successfully extracted and sequenced intact stretches of maternally inherited mtDNA from 13 out of 16 ancient Sampula samples. The analysis of mtDNA haplogroup distribution showed that the ancient Sampula was a complex population with both European and Asian characteristics. Median joining network of U3 sub-haplogroup and multi-dimensional scaling analysis all showed that the ancient Sampula had maternal relationship with Ossetian and Iranian.     

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of ancient Sampula population in Xinjiang

The archaeological site of Sampula cemetery was located about 14 km to the southwest of the Luo County in Xinjiang Khotan,China,belonging to the ancient Yutian kingdom.~14C analysis showed that this cemetery was used from 217 B.C.to 283 A.D. Ancient DNA was analyzed by 364 bp of the mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region I (mtDNA HVR-I),and by six restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) sites of mtDNA coding region.We successfully extracted and sequenced intact stretches of maternally inher- ited mtDNA from 13 out of 16 ancient Sampula samples.The analysis of mtDNA haplogroup distribution showed that the ancient Sampula was a complex population with both European and Asian characteristics.Median joining network of U3 sub-haplogroup and multi-dimen- sional scaling analysis all showed that the ancient Sampula had maternal relationship with Ossetian and Iranian.     

中国若干考古遗址古DNA样本的初步探索

古代DNA的研究方兴未艾，作为地域和人口大国，中国在这方面有着得天独厚的优势。我们利用遗传学手段对中国若干考古遗址进行了初步研究，并对两类古代DNA的提取方法进行了比较，同时，也尝试了模拟古代DNA条件的全基因组的随机引物预扩增的实验方法。对中国古代DNA研究提出了自己的思路及展望。     

论洛阳古代墓葬在我国古代墓葬中的地位

洛阳古代墓葬资源丰富而独特,在全国墓葬中皇家墓葬堪称最多,是中国古代墓葬的“首善之区”;洛阳地理位置得天独厚,是适合墓葬的“风水宝地”;洛阳出土墓志,尤其是唐代墓志,学术价值高,可以补史、证史;洛阳出土文物精品多,丰富了我国的艺术宝库;洛阳地灵人杰,有众多的名人墓葬。洛阳墓葬资源的综合实力在全国属于上乘,有独特的、持久的文化吸引力和巨大的开发利用价值。