香梨树腐烂病病原的生物学性状研究

在不同培养条件下,对香梨树腐烂病病原菌生长的影响进行了研究,结果表明,菌丝在高温、低温和最适温区内生长差异显著,在20-30℃的条件下生长较快,低于10℃或高于35℃均不利于菌落的生长;菌丝生长适宜的pH值为4-5,二者对菌丝生长无显著性差异,与其它酸性条件下生长的菌丝差异显著;香梨树皮培养基和玉米粉培养基上菌丝生长较好,与其它培养基上的菌丝生长差异显著;菌落在含有不同碳源和氮源的培养基上均能正常生长,光照对病原菌有一定的影响。     

落叶松根朽病生理学特性及其拮抗菌的测定

对落叶松根朽病病根进行分离培养.结果表明:引起根朽病的病原菌为奥氏蜜环菌Armillaria ostoyae,其菌索为最佳分离源,组织分离和子实体分离不易成功;病原菌在综合马铃薯汁培养基上生长良好,3 d后长出白色后变黑褐色菌落,5～6 d后长出菌索.病原菌的3个菌株生长的最适合温度为25℃;最适pH为6.0～6.4;最佳碳源为葡萄糖、麦芽糖;最佳氮源为尿素和酵母粉,在KNO3和(NH4)2HPO4等无机氮源上生长不良.室内药剂敏感性测定结果表明:使用5.00 mg/mL硫酸铜、1.25 mg/mL70%代森锰锌、1.25 mg/mL5%百菌清可以有效防治根朽病.室内病原菌与拮抗真菌的对峙结果表明,所用的厚环乳牛肝菌Suillus grevillei等6种菌根菌和2种工程菌对病原菌A5.92都有抑制作用.其中厚环乳牛肝菌Suillus grevillei、赭丝膜菌Cortinarius russus、红蜡蘑Laccarialaccata抑制作用最强,不仅产生最明显的抑菌环,抑制病原菌的生长,同时覆盖病原菌并在其上生长,可用于根朽病的生物防治.     

陕北苹果常见真菌病害病原菌的分离鉴定研究

用组织分离法从陕北苹果的6种常见真菌病害的病组织中分离出了9种病原菌，并对其进行鉴定和病原学特性研究。结果表明它们分别为苹果黑腐皮壳菌、壳囊孢菌、苹果干腐病菌；早期落叶病菌4种：分别有褐斑病由苹果盘二孢菌引起，斑点落叶病由苹果链格孢菌引起，灰斑病和圆斑病分别由梨叶点霉菌和孤生叶点霉菌所致。另外还有引起苹果果实病害的苹果轮纹病：梨生囊孢壳菌和苹果炭疽病：围小丛壳菌。     

旱黄瓜茎基腐病菌鉴定及其生物学特性

为明确昌黎旱黄瓜茎基腐病的病原菌,采用组织分离法和针刺法对其病原物进行分离培养和致病性测定,通过形态学、ITS序列分析方法鉴定旱黄瓜茎基腐病原菌种类后对病原菌的生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明：旱黄瓜茎基腐病的病原菌为拟轮枝镰孢菌(Fusarium verticillioides);该病菌菌丝最适生长温度为30℃,最适pH为6.0,最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适氮源为NH₄NO₃,致死温度为69℃,10 min;大型分生孢子生长最适温度为25℃,小型分生孢子生长最适温度为30℃;两种孢子生长的最适pH,碳源,氮源均为5.0,蔗糖,NH₄NO₃。     

石榴枯萎病菌生物学特性研究

石榴枯萎病（Pomegranate wilt）为甘薯长喙壳（Ceratocystis fimbriata Ellis＆Halsted）引起的一种真菌病害,是四川省攀西地区石榴上的一种新病害。对甘薯长喙壳菌的生物学特性研究结果表明：病原菌在供试甘薯葡萄糖琼脂（SPDA）、马铃薯甘薯葡萄糖琼脂、马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂（PDA）、玉米琼脂、石榴叶煎汁琼脂5种培养基中均能良好生长,而在查氏（Czapek）固体培养基和2%水琼脂培养基上不生长。能利用多种碳源,其中葡萄糖为最佳碳源。不同温度和pH对菌丝生长影响较大。菌丝在10-35℃范围内均能生长,最适温度为26℃,致死温度为50℃处理10min;菌丝生长的pH范围为3-6,最适pH为5。黑暗条件有利于病原菌菌丝的生长。     

拮抗灰霉病菌的低温型木霉菌株的分离鉴定

木霉是一种具有良好生防潜力和应用前景的灰霉病防治菌，但是目前的木霉菌株大多是在常温条件下筛选获得，造成其对冬季低温条件下发生的灰霉病防治效果较差.筛选鉴定耐低温且拮抗效率高的木霉菌株对低温地区灰霉病的防治具有十分重要的意义.采集冷凉地区的土壤样品，利用马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA培养基)在16℃低温条件下分离培养木霉，共获得88株具有良好低温适应性的木霉菌株；利用平板对峙法对这些木霉菌株在低温条件下拮抗灰霉病菌的效率进行了研究，获得3株高效拮抗灰霉病菌的木霉菌株J4-1,J4-5,C2-7;经分子生物学与形态学相结合的方法鉴定，J4-1为棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum),J4-5为非洲哈茨木霉(Trichoderma afroharzianum),C2-7为拟康宁木霉(Trichoderma koningiopsis).获得的低温环境下高效拮抗灰霉病菌的木霉菌株将为北方冷凉地区植物灰霉病的防治工作奠定基础.     

鄂尔多斯沙区碱湖钝顶螺旋藻Spirulina platensis的低温适应特性

采用比色法、大幅度降温法和冰冻法,对鄂尔多斯沙区碱湖的钝顶螺旋藻低温适应性进行了研究。结果表明:在69.3μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)连续光照下(7 d),该藻生长的最适温度的最低点约为24℃;温度从35℃骤降到13℃时其能够缓慢生长;在-18％冰冻后依然可以复生;其对低温的适应特性是引进品系所不具备的。研究可为我国螺旋藻产业所需的低温型藻种提供理论依据。     

不同温度下红球菌降解氯代苯甲酸及共代谢作用

自某农药厂污水处理系统的活性污泥中分离纯化一株高效降解3-氯代苯甲酸的菌株S-7，形态学、生理生化特性及16S rRNA基因序列的结果表明S-7为红平红球菌（Rhodococcus erythropolis）．研究了在不同温度条件下，R．erythropolis S-7对3-氟代苯甲酸的降解能力．实验表明该菌在20℃和30℃时，于60h内将底物全部分解．并且分析了该菌在30℃时的反应动力学．在10℃的低温条件下，能以3-氯代苯甲酸为唯一碳源和能源生长，并在5d内完全降解底物．该菌的耐冷性能对于低温地区生物修复有重要意义，在低温地域有广泛的应用前景．研究了在以葡萄糖为生长基质的条件下，菌株S-7对2-氯代苯甲酸和4-氟代苯甲酸的降解能力．S-7可共代谢2-氯代苯甲酸．但是不能共代谢降解4-氯代苯甲酸，质粒提取实验表明．降解3-氯代苯甲酸的基因位于染色体上．     

两种优势病原菌玉米穗腐病的研究比较

玉米穗腐病是一种严重危害玉米生长的世界性农业病害,以引起中国玉米穗腐病的两种优势病原菌拟轮枝镰孢菌（Fusarium verticillioides）和禾谷镰孢菌（Furasium graminearum）为对象,对其生物学特征、症状危害及发病机制进行对比.在此基础上,对两种优势病原菌玉米穗腐病的抗性种质筛选、抗性遗传与育种进行比较阐述,以期为中国玉米穗腐病的研究与防治提供科学依据.     

超低温空气源热泵在严寒地区供暖应用研究

以吉林省敦化市为例,根据采暖期室外气温实际情况,对空气源热泵在严寒地区低温条件下供暖情况进行应用研究.在综合考虑空气源热泵结霜、除霜和低温环境下制热量情况下,对运行能耗、费用、回收年限进行分析.得出室外采暖计算温度为-20℃,且室外气温低于-15℃的时数占绝大多数的地区,采用超低低温空气源热泵机组时,可以实现全供暖期高效运行.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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