北京学研究的理论体系

北京具有时空发展的特殊性和规律性，建立北京学专门学科，是研究和解决北京发展过程中遇到的现实问题的必要基础。北京学研究机构的建立也是对北京现有研究机构的必要补充。北京学是研究北京城市及其环境共同组成的城市综合体的形成、深化、发展规律，为北京城市发展战略和管理决策提供应用理论基础的一门综合性学科。北京学的研究内容包括北京区位与环境、人口、政治、文化、经济、城市建设以及城市综合体的特点及发生、发展规律。北京学具有综合性、系统性、整体性、应用性和科学性的性质。北京学的研究方法包括历史对比法、区域比较法、时空结合法、系统法和综合法等方法。     

北京学基础理论探索

北京学的定义、研究对象与研究方法、北京学的理论体系等问题是研究北京学的最基础理论。首先从经济全球化和文化本土化的发展趋势分析了北京学建立的必然性，提出北京人必须通过理性的自知，来导致行为上的自觉，以具备与现代化大都市相称的人文素质，才能以鲜明的民族个性和地域特征凸现于世界面前，成为全球化整体发展中一个无法替代的重要成员。其次借鉴其他有关学科的研究，对北京学的涵义、其独特的研究角度、研究主体、学科界定和研究内容等问题作了初步探讨，并试着从北京的历史与现实的11个方面建立北京学的理论框架。     

现代机械产品智能优化设计方法及其应用

在总结前人研究成果的基础上,提出了面向现代机械产品的智能优化设计法.该方法以智能机器为研究对象,以智能控制理论和方法为理论基础,可在设计过程中实现对现代机械产品的工作参数、工作过程、工作状态以及故障诊断等方面进行智能优化.通过对现代机械产品设计特点的具体分析,建立了智能优化设计法的理论结构体系,包括智能优化设计法的含义、研究目标、研究内容、理论基础和特点等内容.以工作在非结构环境下的打磨机器人为例进行了智能优化设计研究,实验结果表明该方法可全面提高产品的智能化程度和设计质量.     

对北京学基本理论的初探

从北京学产生的时代背景,北京学的学科体系位置,北京学的科学概念,研究对象,研究任务,研究范围以及研究方法等方面,对北京学的基本理论进行了初步的探讨,提出了由自然环境与人类聚落所构成的地方综合体的概念。     

北京学与北京学研究所

北京学是以北京作为专门研究对象的学科。北京既是一个历史悠久的文明古都，又是一个世界瞩目的现代都市。北京学的建立，在历史文化、社会发展、改革开放以及科学综合等方面都具有重要意义。在北京联合大学建立北京学研究所，既是进行北京学研究工作的需要，也是带动北京联合大学改革与发展的需要。北京学的研究，要遵循区域性原则、应用与理论并重的原则、加强基础的原则、大北京的原则以及逐步发展的原则，在研究力量上必须实行开放性，即专职研究工作者与兼职研究工作者相结合，校内与校外相结合。     

自然科学与人文科学的融合 --关于北京学研究的方法

北京学应该是熔人文科学和自然科学于一炉的“科学共同体”；自然科学的研究方法是值得在北京学研究中借鉴的，当前则更需要加强社会调查，以尽快找到北京区别于其他地区的特点，同时一切分析和研究也应以调查数据为基础，所得结论才是有说服力的；重视基础理论研究和创造自由的学术环境是北京学得以发展的前提。     

关于北京学研究对象的思考

北京学要有自己特有的研究对象。科学地表述研究对象需要一个长时期探索过程。当前，应初步勾画出北京学的研究范围和主要任务。解决这一问题必须处理好城与人、保护与利用、个性与共性、过去现在和未来等一系列关系。     

三峡学与北京学之比较研究

对三峡学与北京学进行了比较研究，简要地论述了这两门地方学的联系和区别。认为三峡学与北京学同属于地方学，都是近几年发展起来的新兴的地方学分支学科。这两门学科都具有建立的必备条件，在学术研究内容上和研究方法上有不少相同之处。三峡学与北京学的区别和差异，主要是在学科研究对象、学科研究基础、学科主体基本属性和研究重点、学科成熟度上的差异。提出了加强地方学研究学术交流的建议。     

西方比较经济体制学的研究对象和理论基础

西方比较经济体制学的研究对象是对各种经济体制进行比较研究,其理论基础是当代西方经济学。     

破裂岩石注浆固结体的剪切力学性能研究进展

 破裂岩石注浆固结后形成的岩-浆-岩结构面呈现较强的剪切力学特性，且其剪切强度及稳定性是衡量注浆加固效果的关键性指标。基于科学研究的常用方法，从3方面阐述了国内外破裂岩石注浆固结体的剪切力学性能的研究进展：注浆固结体剪切力学性能试验研究，包括剪切强度、刚度及蠕变等性能；注浆固结体剪切强度预测模型研究，主要为理论计算模型和经验模型；注浆固结体剪切变形破坏数值研究，涉及有限差分法、有限单元法和离散单元法等。总结分析了目前破裂岩石注浆固结体剪切力学性能研究存在的主要问题，提出应加强注浆固结体的剪切蠕变性能、长期稳定性以及具有普适性的剪切强度预测模型的研究，以完善注浆加固机理和注浆加固强度强化理论。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with