几种保鲜药在柑桔贮藏中的防病效果

选取4类有代表性的防腐保鲜剂对柑桔的两大品种进行了贮藏试验,在常温等相同环境条件下,观察记录各自的褐疤果、腐烂果及发病果并统计相关指标.结果表明:防病效果相对较好的仍是各药(纳他霉素、多菌灵、抑霉唑)与2,4-D联用的处理.对98天贮期的温州蜜柑而言,5号处理(多菌灵加2,4-D)的总病率最低(5.4%),其腐烂率为5.07%;对136天贮期的447而言,9号处理(纳他霉素加2,4-D)效果最好,腐烂率仅为4.76%.生物防腐剂纳他霉素的防腐效果前期很好,它与2,4-D合用的增效作用体现在贮藏后期;植物源中药3与微生物制剂纳他霉素单用的防病效果接近,而且都存在药力持久性问题.     

低品位原生金矿的生物柱浸

采用粘结剂S-11将某低品位原生金矿的精矿粘结包裹在其原矿矿石上进行生物柱浸与原矿生物柱浸的对比研究.主要研究了生物柱浸过程中Fe2+浓度,pH,Eh,矿石表面吸附的细菌及菌液中游离细菌数量的变化、矿石的脱砷率、脱硫率,生物柱浸后矿石金的氰化浸出率.结果表明:金精矿包裹后的矿石表面因含硫化矿物较多,更适合细菌的吸附与繁殖;包裹生物柱浸120 d后矿石的脱砷率为70.14%,脱硫率为41.26%,金的氰化浸出率为81.21%,比传统生物柱浸矿石的脱砷率、脱硫率和浸金率分别高24.01%,19.11%和21.48%.包裹生物柱浸对矿石的氧化效果明显.     

低压静电场协同低温对水蜜桃储藏保鲜过程中品质的影响

为研究低压静电场技术对水蜜桃的保鲜作用,通过低压静电场(输入电源为220 V、输出电流为5 mA)协同低温(0～4℃)对水蜜桃进行保鲜处理,以有机酸、可溶性糖含量、维生素C、硬度、水分、失重率和腐烂率等为评价指标,比较添加电场与普通低温条件下的保鲜效果。结果表明:添加低压静电场下的水蜜桃保鲜120 d后有机酸总降幅为25%,可溶性糖含量减少12.03%,VC含量降低53.98%,且保鲜储藏过程中水蜜桃一直保持良好的感官性状,腐烂率仅19.4%。与低温贮藏环境相比,低压静电场技术的添加可显著减缓水蜜桃的失重率和腐烂率的变化,一定程度上保持水蜜桃的硬度和水分,保鲜时间可达到120 d以上。研究结果表明,低压静电场的添加有利于延长水蜜桃的保鲜贮藏期,能够延缓水蜜桃果实的腐烂变化,因此具有非常好的应用前景及经济效益。     

壳聚糖涂膜处理对鲜切桃的保鲜效果

以中华寿桃和双红艳桃为试验材料,研究不同浓度(0.5%、1.0%和1.5%)壳聚糖涂膜处理鲜切桃的保鲜效果.试验采用壳聚糖溶液浸果后晾干装盒,用保鲜膜包被并放入5℃冰箱中.每2 d观察一次,观察至第10 d,并对鲜切桃的腐烂率、色差等7项生理指标进行测定.结果表明:在不同浓度的壳聚糖涂膜处理下,鲜切桃的各项生理指标都优于未经壳聚糖涂膜处理的对照,表明各个处理对于鲜切桃都具有一定的保鲜作用.其中1.0%壳聚糖涂膜对鲜切桃保鲜效果最好,它能有效地抑制POD、PPO活性,在保持果实色泽和硬度、降低果实酸度和腐烂率、减缓可溶性固形物分解等方面优于其他处理,可使果实货架期达到4~8 d.     

黄赭色链霉菌11F发酵工艺及其对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响

为了深入研究黄赭色链霉菌对黄瓜生长及黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果,采用固体发酵单因素方差分析对菌株11F的固体发酵条件(种龄、配水比、接种量、发酵基质)进行优化,通过检测存活率测定在不同条件处理下菌剂链霉菌孢子对菌剂耐热力与抗紫外作用进行了分析,通过温室盆栽实验研究菌株11F菌剂对黄瓜生长的影响及对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果。结果表明:最佳固体发酵基质配比为80%大米+10%麦麸,最佳料比水为1∶0.3,最佳种龄为60 h,最佳接种量为10%。通过筛选得到菌剂最适载体是壳聚糖,温室盆栽实验显示菌株11F的发酵液与固体菌剂对黄瓜的生长都有促生作用。菌剂11F与蛭石的比例为1∶100时黄瓜幼苗的株高、根长、鲜重、干重都显著高于其他处理,株高增加39%,根长增加了33.9%,鲜重增加了35.3%,干重增加了40.9%,其长势茂盛,叶色浓绿,促生效果明显。菌剂11F对黄瓜枯萎有明显的防治效果,防效为73.45%,由此说明菌株11F菌剂可用于黄瓜枯萎的防治。     

增塑剂对壳聚糖-小檗碱复合膜物理和抗菌性能的影响

研究了工业无毒增塑剂柠檬酸三乙酯、乙酰柠檬酸三乙酯、柠檬酸三丁酯和乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯在可食性膜中添加的可能性，及其对可食性膜机械性能的影响。通过正交试验确定在60℃下，壳聚糖与甘油质量比为8∶5（即壳聚糖0.02g/mL，甘油0.0125g/mL），增塑剂体积分数在0.75%时，该膜的机械性能最佳。抑菌圈法检测表明柠檬酸三丁酯的添加不影响膜对桃褐腐病菌（Monilinia fructicola）的抑制作用。膜包裹法处理实体桃，结果表明室温下放置10d，膜包裹法处理的桃果实日失重率达到30%以上，腐烂指数近60%，而对照组日失重率达到40%相似文献   

新型果树专用涂抹剂的研制

果树腐烂病是果树主要的病害之一。笔者认为,由于该病原菌的独特性和独特发病规律,选择理想的药剂及剂型杀死该病菌至关重要,也是治愈此病的关键所在。本研究在以往研究的基础上,通过药剂筛选,分散剂的选择,稳定剂的选择,粘着剂的选择,配方剂型设计,并在兰州市榆中县进行了田间药效。试验结果表明,本剂兑水3～5倍涂干,对苹果腐烂病的防效为87～95%。200～300倍液枝干喷雾,防效为76～92%。     

壳聚糖涂膜对黄花梨常温贮藏效果的影响

以黄花梨果实为试材,采用浓度0%,0.5%,1.0%,1.5%,2.0%壳聚糖溶液浸泡黄花梨果实1min,在室温下贮藏16d,研究了壳聚糖涂膜处理对黄花梨果实贮藏品质的影响.试验结果表明:与清水处理相比,4种壳聚糖涂膜处理均可不同程度降低果实的失重率和腐烂率,抑制果实贮藏后期可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和维生素C含量下降,保持果实较好的硬度,从而延缓了果实的成熟衰老.其中1.0%壳聚糖涂膜处理的果实贮藏16d,其腐烂率和失重率分别为12.8%和3.34%,而对照的分别是27.3%和6.46%,与对照的差异显著,果实品质好,保鲜效果最佳.     

25%阿米西达SC对苹果树安全性及防治苹果白粉病的药效试验

本试验在田间条件下,研究了25%阿米西达SC对不同苹果树品种的安全性及其防治苹果白粉病的药效和使用浓度.结果表明25%阿米西达SC对澳州青苹、北斗、黄元帅、新红星、红富士、秦冠6个苹果品种安全性较好,无任何不良影响,但对嘎啦品种的苹果树有严重的药害产生,导致果锈和叶片焦枯脱落.25%阿米西达SC对苹果白粉病有较显著的防效,防效可达85%～90%,使用浓度为0.125g/L～0.083g/L,间隔期7d喷1次,连喷3次.     

3种除草剂和除草膜及其组合对烟田杂草的防除效果

为了筛选高效安全的烟田除草方式,在广西烟区开展3种除草剂和除草膜及其组合对烟田杂草防除效果试验。结果表明,除草剂50%敌草胺可湿性粉剂对杂草株数总防效较好,施药后30 d和45 d防效分别为59.3%、89.94%;异丙甲草胺乳油对杂草鲜重总防效最好,施药后45 d,防效为89.47%;盖黑膜对杂草的鲜重和株数防效均显著高于白色膜与双色膜,白色膜与双色膜无显著差异,防效均不佳,仅为30%左右。盖黑膜的处理组烟叶长势差且出现明显的灼伤现象,黑膜不适用于广西烟区;除草剂结合地膜组合处理组中,50%敌草胺可湿性粉剂+双色地膜的防效最高,药后45 d杂草鲜重总防效为83%、株数总防效为83.26%。综合对烟田杂草防除效果和对烟草的生长影响情况,建议在广西烟区推广除草剂50%敌草胺可湿性粉剂和物理防控双色地膜结合使用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that