非退化二次曲线一个定理的解析证明

分别在射影平面上以及在欧氏平面上利用笛卡儿直角坐标系（以圆为例）对非退化二阶曲线到自身的双射成为对合的一个充要条件定理的推论进行了解析证明。这个定理和推论将极线、巴斯加线、透视轴等相应理论联系了起来，便于将射影几何中的结论应用于解析几何和初等几何。     

射影变换下的蝴蝶定理

研究射影变换下的蝴蝶定理并加以证明．改变射影平面上蝴蝶定理中相应弦所在直线的位置、去掉条件“M为弦PQ中点”、考虑退化的二阶曲线等情形，得到在射影平面上蝴蝶定理的若干推论．在欧氏平面上运用类比法，得出蝴蝶定理在初等几何中的若干推论，并给出简洁证明．     

Pascal定理与Brianchon定理的推广

运用空间对偶原理，将射影几何著名的Ｐａｓｃａｌ定理和Ｂｒｉａｎｃｈｏｎ定理以及它们的推论推广到三维射影空间中的简单ｎ面锥面与简单ｎ棱锥面中（ｎ＝３，４，５，６）。     

Pappus定理及其对偶定理在空间中的一种推广

通过对二维射影平面上的Pappus定理及其对偶定理的研究，根据射影空间中的对偶原则，得到了三维射影空间证明三平面共线和三直线共面的一种方法，即定理1、定理2。     

坐标几何Ⅰ,Ⅱ

本文Ⅰ给出坐标几何的基本理论--一个集合连同在这集合上允许使用的适合某种相容性和极大性条件的坐标系非空类,就得到一个坐标几何空间和它的几何学。本文Ⅱ则以坐标几何观点与叙述格式讨论一般除环上的有限维右或左射影空间和与之相联系的诸几何空间,给出了对偶原则的各种表述形式;通过讨论射影几何基本定理,给出了以点和直线为基本几何元素的实射影平面的一个简洁定义。     

关于点列和线束的交比相等定理在无穷远元素下的证明及其应用

本文给出了成透视对应的点列和线束的交比相等定理,在无穷远元素情形下的代数法证明,补充了高等几何中的一个重要定理,在一些高等几何教材中未涉及的不够严密的方面。并为本定理在整个射影平面上的应用,给出了重要的实例。     

关于Desargues定理在平面射影几何中的几种证明

本文基于高等几何体系,利用射影几何的基础知识,技巧地给出了Desargues定理在平面上的证明,包括三点形与三线形的逆定理证明。     

欧氏平面、仿射平面和射影平面的比较

本文通过对欧氏平面、仿射平面和射影平面进行比较，同时也对在这三种平面上相应地建立的平面欧氏几何学、平面仿射几何学及平面射影几何进行比较。从而进一步认清了三种平面的内在联系及平面射影几何学，平面仿射几何学对平面欧氏几何学的指导意义。     

关于笛沙格定理的附注

笛沙格定理在平面射影几何中必须选作公理,然而一般的高等几何教科书又都用投到无穷远法或解析法对它加以证明,本文从几何基础的角度指出了这种处理的合理性。     

Desargues逆命题证明的射影几何学方法

藉助射影几何的理论,通过将直线投影到无穷远,将两相交直线投影成两平行直线及任意四边形投影成平行四边形。首先给出Desargues逆命题在平面域内的证明,然后用射影几何方法构造了一个辅助三点形,利用Desargues定理证得了两异面三点形对应边的交点共线,再用如上所述平面域内所得的结论证得了两同面三点形对应顶点的连线共点。最终得到了该逆命题在空间域内的证明。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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