加工工艺关键参数对SBS改性沥青性能影响

为更合理控制SBS改性沥青的质量性能,选取不同的剪切时间、剪切温度和发育时间,对3种不同的SBS改性沥青进行改性加工;应用沥青试验方法与荧光显微观测技术,对其感温性、高温性能、低温性能,以及改性沥青的微观分散状态进行了分析研究。研究结果表明:对与沥青相容性较好且相对分子质量较大的SBS,加工工艺参数推荐剪切时间90min,剪切温度180℃,发育时间2h;对与沥青相容性较差且相对分子质量较小的SBS,加工工艺参数推荐剪切时间60min,剪切温度170℃,发育时间不宜大于4h。结合研究结果对现场胶体磨的加工工艺参数进行了优化,能保证现场生产的SBS改性沥青的质量要求。     

SBS与沥青相容性的研究

改性剂与沥青的相容性是决定改性效果和改性沥青制作工艺的关键因素,而聚合物改性沥青的相容性与基质沥青的组成、聚合物的剂量、聚合物成分结构以及贮存温度密切相关。利用热贮存稳定性试验系统研究了SBS与基质沥青的相容性。结果表明,线形SBS普遍比星型SBS具有较好的相容性,SBS含量小于3%时的改性沥青的稳定性也较好,沥青质含量适中、芳香分含量越小的基质沥青与SBS相容性也越好。     

利用印尼布敦岩沥青制备改性沥青

目的研究配料比、表面活性剂及反应时间、温度等因素对油分回收率的影响;测试改性沥青的结构,针入度、软化点及延度;分析SBS改性沥青、硅藻土改性沥青结构.方法以减压渣油作溶剂,提取印尼布敦岩沥青中油分;用提取的岩沥青油分制备改性沥青,通过红外光谱图、扫描电镜照片分析其结构.结果当布敦岩沥青与减压渣油的配料质量比为1∶1.5,表面活性剂w=0.5%,反应时间2 h,反应温度140℃时,油分回收率可高达90.1%;随改性剂SBS掺量的增大,改性沥青的针入度降低,软化点升高,延度有所改善;随硅藻土掺量的增大,改性沥青针入度大大降低,软化点升高,延度降低.当SBS掺量为1%~2%时,SBS改性沥青各项性能得到明显改善;当硅藻土掺量为12%~15%时,试验结果最佳.结论利用减压渣油提取布敦岩沥青中的油分,经过滤得到的渣油与油分的混合物,无需再做分离处理,即可进行改性实验.与常规方法相比,不仅提高了回收率,而且降低了生产成本;利用布敦岩沥青油分制备改性沥青,不但拓展了改性沥青的研制方法,而且提高了布敦岩沥青的使用价值..     

对叔丁基苯甲醛改性沥青性能研究

以中温煤沥青为基质沥青、对叔丁基苯甲醛为改性剂和对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,采用化学交联-减压蒸馏法分别在Ar气氛和减压环境下对中温煤沥青进行改性,并考察反应条件对沥青的软化点和残炭率等性能的影响.结果表明,改性沥青性能受改性剂的加入量、反应温度、反应时间和反应压力影响较大.在改性剂与煤沥青质量比为0.2、催化剂加入量为5%时,在反应温度为180℃以及20kPa×8h条件下,制得软化点高达151.5℃、残炭率为75%的优质沥青.     

SBS聚合物改性沥青技术性能

针对不同种类、不同工艺的SBS改性沥青，采用试验、理论相结合的方法，包括常规三大指标试验、SHRP动态剪切流变DSR试验、储存稳定性试验等，分析了加工工艺参数对SBS改性沥青技术性能以及相容性的影响。结果表明，不同品种的改性剂、不同的制备温度、不同的改性工艺均对改性沥青的性能产生较大影响。相比于其他因素而言，SBS改性沥青的改性工艺是影响其性能的主导因素；储存稳定性较好的改性沥青，其技术性能也较好；星型SBS改性沥青的技术性能优于线型SBS改性沥青；基于改性沥青的综合性能考虑，制备温度不宜过低。因此，通过掺配适当的稳定剂和助剂等措施改善改性工艺，是提高SBS改性沥青技术性能的最有效途径之一。     

SBS复合改性沥青存储稳定性与常规性能的灰色关联分析

以改善SBS改性沥青存储稳定为目的,添加有机蒙脱土OMMT、硫磺S和炭黑CB三种添加剂对SBS改性沥青复合改性,分析添加剂种类和掺量对SBS改性沥青存储稳定性以及常规性能的影响,采用灰色系统关联方法分析SBS改性沥青存储稳定性与沥青各项常规性能关系。结果表明:三种添加剂在适宜掺量下都能有效解决SBS改性沥青离析问题;其中OMMT添加剂对SBS改性沥青高温性能改性效果显著;CB添加剂可降低SBS改性沥青对温度的敏感性;灰色关联分析表明不同SBS复合改性沥青的存储稳定性与其常规性能之间的相关性各不相同:SBS/OMMT复合改性沥青SBS/S复合改性沥青SBS/CB复合改性沥青。     

接枝杜仲胶改性沥青路用性能

为了进一步完善SBS改性沥青性能,降低合成高分子改性剂受原油价格和产量的影响程度,在天然高分子材料杜仲胶上接枝能与沥青氮基反应的官能团马来酸酐,形成一种新的天然沥青改性剂接枝杜仲胶.分析了接枝杜仲胶的生成方法与改性沥青的机理,根据杜仲胶接枝产物的红外光谱,确定了接枝产物的物理表征.将接枝杜仲胶与SBS复合后改性沥青,进行了沥青和沥青混合料的高低温和老化性能试验.试验结果表明:当小于2%掺量的接枝杜仲胶加入SBS改性沥青后能提高其高温和抗老化性能,不降低低温性能,而且1.5%掺量接枝杜仲胶对SBS改性沥青性能提高最为明显;接枝杜仲胶取代一部分SBS后,沥青混合料除了低温性能相当外,强度、高温和水稳性能均得到不同程度的提高.接枝杜仲胶取代一部分SBS后不降低而是增强了改性沥青的使用品质,也减少了合成高分子材料的用量.     

二醋酸纤维素酯接枝聚乳酸的制备及性能研究

以辛酸亚锡为催化剂,二醋酸纤维素酯为接枝骨架,在真空熔融条件下通过meso-丙交酯的开环聚合反应,制备了二醋酸纤维素酯接枝聚乳酸的共聚物(PLA-g-CDA).使用FTIR,DSC和拉伸实验等多种表征手段对接枝共聚物的性质进行了表征.重点研究了原料用量、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间和反应氛围对单体转化率和接枝率的影响,并对接枝共聚物的成膜性、相容性和力学性能进行了评估.结果表明:真空反应环境下,原料meso-丙交酯与二醋酸纤维素酯的投料比为4∶1,催化剂辛酸亚锡用量为二醋酸纤维素酯质量的5%,反应温度140℃,反应时间30min时,产物的接枝率达到72%.随着PLA接枝率的升高,PLA-g-CDA更容易成膜,相容性得到改善,力学性能也得到增强.     

多聚磷酸改性沥青流变特性及改性机理

采用动态剪切流变、重复蠕变和弯曲梁流变等试验分别对多聚磷酸改性沥青、聚合物改性沥青以及聚合物复配多聚磷酸改性沥青在高、低温状态下的流变特性进行了系统研究.结果表明,多聚磷酸能够改善基质沥青和聚合物改性沥青的高低温性能;多聚磷酸与苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)改性剂在改善沥青高温性能机制上存在明显不同,多聚磷酸的掺入显著增加了沥青的黏度,而对沥青的弹性变形恢复能力贡献较小,而SBS改性剂可大幅度提高沥青的弹性变形恢复能力.采用核磁共振(NMR)试验对多聚磷酸改性沥青的改性机理进行了初步分析,发现多聚磷酸与沥青发生了接枝、磷酸酯化和环化反应,从而改变了沥青的碳链结构和化学结构,宏观上使沥青变得更加黏稠.     

SBS/胶粉复合改性新疆沥青制备及性能评价

为解决新疆沥青与SBS、胶粉相容性差,SBS对其难以改性等技术问题,提高新疆交通建设中废料利用水平,采用SBS、胶粉对克拉玛依(KLMY)、塔河(TH)调和沥青进行复合改性,制备了SBS/胶粉复合改性新疆调和沥青,优化其制备工艺,确定适用于新疆炎热地区及严寒地区的SBS/胶粉复合改性新疆沥青掺配方案;采用动态剪切流变(DSR)试验、多应力重复蠕变恢复(MSCR)试验、弯曲梁流变(BBR)试验、线性振幅扫描(LAS)试验、布氏旋转黏度试验,对比评价了SBS/胶粉复合改性新疆沥青、SBS改性沥青和橡胶改性沥青的高温流变性能、低温流变性能、疲劳性能和黏温特性。结果表明：优化后的SBS/胶粉复合改性新疆沥青制备工艺为沥青分2次剪切;适用于新疆严寒地区的复合改性沥青(SBS/CR-N)掺配方案为KLMY90∶TH60=2∶3、掺量15%胶粉(质量分数,下同)、3%SBS、2%PR-1助剂、4%相容剂SH、0.12%稳定剂SWD;适用于新疆炎热地区的复合改性沥青(SBS/CR-S)掺配方案为KLMY90∶TH60=2∶3、15%胶粉、3.5%SBS、2%PR-1助剂、3%相容剂SH、0.12%稳定...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that