长江口北槽口外细颗粒悬沙沉降速度

提供了一种计算长江口外细颗粒悬沙沉降速度的方法,利用流速仪和声学悬浮泥沙观测系统,获得了长江口北槽口外大潮水流、悬沙浓度垂线分布资料,采用落憩时刻的悬沙浓度７条垂线分布资料,通过Ｒｏｕｓｅ公式拟合,计算了与悬沙浓度垂线分布曲线相对应的细颗粒悬沙沉降速度,计算结果相对集中于３．０－４．０ｍｍ／ｓ。     

珠江口虎门悬浮泥沙浓度的测量

利用2004年虎门口ADP的反向散射声强数据，和同步采样经实验室过滤得出悬沙浓度的数据，建立了半经验公式，得到虎门高分辨率的悬沙浓度剖面的时间序列；计算的悬沙浓度与水样法测量的平均相对误差是7．4％，与目前通用的悬沙浓度测量仪器的误差相当，为提高ADP仪器使用效率，更好地研究沉积动力提供一种新的方法。     

二维均匀流悬沙垂向扩散系数的实验研究

利用波-流-泥沙实验水槽,进行二维均匀流输沙实验,研究悬沙浓度垂向分布、悬沙扩散系数及其垂向分布.结果表明,悬沙浓度沿垂线分布与Rouse公式吻合良好;悬沙垂向扩散系数与水流紊动垂向扩散系数成正比;悬沙垂向扩散系数的垂向分布可用抛物线描述,其最大值与水动力和泥沙条件紧密相关.     

明渠断面流速分布的试验、天然量测及信息熵理论分析

明渠断面流速分布的试验、天然量测及信息熵理论分析王木兰，张芹芬，李惠敏，泄水工程与高速水流，１９９３年第１期许多水力学基本问题以及挟抄水流，环境污染等工程问题都与明渠断面流速分布有关，前人对侧壁影响较小的宽浅明渠水流研究较多，得出许多有用成果，而对侧...     

河口航道边抛弃土运动的计算

简述边抛疏浚原理和边抛施工的水动力依据，将边抛泥沙作为点源，边抛弃土分为悬沙和浮泥两部分．介绍了悬沙运动基本方程，得到悬沙浓度、水体中悬沙含量随时间、运动距离的变化；对边抛浮泥运动基本方程进行简化处理得到边抛浮泥运动速度、厚度在上层水流、重力、底部摩擦等因素作用下的运动规律．对长江口北槽下段挖槽边抛弃土中悬沙和浮泥进行模拟计算并进行分析，以提高边抛成槽率．     

长江口深水航道北槽口外悬沙浓度垂向分布

在长江口深长航道北槽，利用“声学悬潲观测系统”观测得到了大潮不同潮时近瞬时高时空分辩率细颗粒悬沙浓度垂直向分布，此外，还观测了流速和和盐度地垂线分布，在涨潮初期，悬沙浓度的垂向分布均均匀，在接近涨憩时，悬沙浓度的梯度小，在落潮时，悬沙浓度随水深水面到水底按指数递增，可视为恒定均匀流中悬潲处于平衡条件的分布，泥沙垂向扩散系数εｓ可用泥沙颗粒沉降速度ωｓ的两倍来近似，在接近落憩时，悬沙浓度的垂向梯度适     

潮滩微地貌的声学观测与分析

于2013年6月8日至6月9日在江苏如东潮滩进行海底地貌与沉积动力学观测.采用"差值法"从声呐数据中提取底形信息,并分析底形演化与水动力、悬沙浓度的关系.底形数据结果表明,潮周期内底床形态变化明显;分析同步的沉积动力学观测数据发现,底床形态的起伏程度与流速呈正相关关系.随着流速增加,近底部水体悬沙浓度增加,底床形态起伏程度增加;流速减小,近底部水体悬沙浓度回落,底床形态的起伏程度降低.分别分析东西向与南北向底床起伏程度与流速的关系表明,流向对沙纹的起伏程度具有重要影响,垂直沙纹走向的水流会增大底床形态的起伏程度,平行沙纹走向的水流会减小底床形态起伏程度.     

动水条件下泥沙絮凝体粒径变化分析实验研究

絮凝体广泛存在于自然界水体中,而在河口海岸动水环境下的黏性细颗粒泥沙的絮凝变化过程是一个重要且有待完善的研究课题。利用长江口北槽现场悬沙样本开展了系统的室内絮凝实验。采用粒径分布与有效粒径两种分析方法,研究了在水流紊动、盐度和悬沙浓度等不同絮凝因子条件作用下对长江口北槽泥沙絮凝体粒径变化的影响。实验结果表明:紊动剪切率对絮凝体粒径作用为先促进后减小,临界值出现在23. 09 s~(-1),此时最大有效粒径为50. 26μm;而悬沙浓度会抑制絮凝体生长;同时长江口北槽悬沙的絮凝饱和盐度要大于高岭土,约为14. 4 ppt。     

长江口北槽下游河道悬沙浓度垂向分布特征研究

根据2013年10月26日至11月9日在长江口北槽下游河道从小潮到大潮连续14 d的现场定点水沙观测数据,对北槽下游河道悬沙浓度的垂向分布特征进行了研究,并探讨了盐度梯度和流速大小潮变化对悬沙浓度分布的影响.结果表明,北槽下游河道的水动力条件存在显著的大小潮差异,小潮具有流速弱、悬沙浓度低、盐度梯度大、盐度分层显著的特点,而大潮则具有流速强、悬沙浓度高、盐淡水混合程度高、盐度分层弱的动力特点.受较大盐度梯度和弱流速的影响,小潮期间的悬沙浓度分布主要为阶梯型和L型,强盐度密度分层使悬沙难以扩散到水体表层,高浓度悬沙仅出现在水体中下部.在强流速和弱盐度分层的影响下,大潮期间的悬沙浓度分布主要为线性分布,悬沙能够扩散到水体表层,盐度密度分层对悬沙浓度分布的影响显著削弱,在落潮后期悬沙浓度分布表现为典型的垂线型分布,悬沙在水体中充分混合.研究表明,小潮和大潮的悬沙浓度分布基本偏离Rouse分布,仅在小潮落憩时刻符合.在大潮期间,实测的线性分布都很好地符合Soulsby公式,利用该公式能够很准确地预测这些浓度分布.     

典型潮汐水道悬沙浓度的潮控机理模拟分析

根据南京大学海岸与海岛开发教育部重点实验室2012年在南黄海辐射沙脊群西洋水道所获的全潮水文观测数据,分析了流速、悬沙浓度以及近底部切应力的时间变化序列.应用均衡态条件建立了悬沙浓度特征值模型,探讨了各个相关参数变化对悬沙浓度均衡态的影响.结果表明:(1)本研究区潮周期内的大部分时间近底部切应力大于沉积物临界起动切应力,再悬浮作用活跃;(2)给定初始悬沙浓度、沉降速率等参数,经过若干潮周期后悬沙浓度会达到均衡态,此时大小潮周期内侵蚀通量和沉降通量的总量相等,此后各个潮周期内悬沙浓度时间序列随潮相发生变化,但在相同潮相的情况下悬沙浓度显现出相同的时空分布;(3)若改变悬沙沉降速率大小而固定其余参数不变,则沉降速率越大,达到均衡态时的悬沙浓度特征值越低;(4)若改变再悬浮系数大小而固定其余参数不变,则再悬浮系数越大,达到均衡态时悬沙浓度特征值越高.因此,潮汐环境中的悬沙浓度特征值不仅受控于潮流的强弱,同时也受控于表层沉积物本身的性质(粒度和粘性,它们决定了沉降速率与再悬浮系数的大小).     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the