轻钢-定向刨花板组合楼盖抗弯性能

为研究冷弯薄壁型钢-OSB双向板组合楼盖的抗弯承载力性能,提出了一种将冷弯薄壁型钢和OSB板用自攻螺钉连接组成的新型组合双向受力楼盖。对足尺的楼盖进行单调静力堆载试验,观察组合楼盖的应变、挠度的变化趋势及整体破坏过程,研究试件的组合性能及承载力性能。通过ABAQUS有限元软件完成对四边简支条件下组合楼盖抗弯性能的模拟,对比有限元计算结果与试验结果,提出了双向板组合楼盖抗弯承载力的计算方法,同时推导出双向板组合楼盖挠度计算公式。结果表明：冷弯薄壁型钢-OSB双向板组合楼盖承载能力良好,有限元分析结果与试验结果基本吻合,验证了有限元模型的正确可行性;理论分析计算结果较为符合实际试验结果,可以用于实际工程设计与计算。     

冷弯薄壁型钢桁架组合楼盖抗弯性能试验研究

文章进行了3块冷弯薄壁型钢桁架-压型钢板混凝土组合楼盖试件和1块冷弯薄壁钢桁架-ALC板组合楼盖试件的抗弯性能试验,详细考察了组合楼板在均布荷载作用下的应变分布规律和破坏模式,研究了荷载-挠度曲线和荷载-应变曲线。试验研究表明:组合楼盖的抗弯承载力随着抗剪连接件个数的增加和节点连接强度的增大而增加;组合楼盖在承受相同弯矩的情况下,冷弯薄壁型钢桁架-ALC板组合楼盖产生的最大挠度明显大于冷弯薄壁型钢桁架-压型钢板混凝土组合楼盖产生的最大挠度。研究结果将为冷弯薄壁型钢组合楼盖的设计和应用提供参考依据。     

铝-木组合梁受弯性能研究

提出一种以T型带肋定向结构刨花板(oriented strand board,OSB)为骨架,梁腹板下表面与铝板通过螺钉连接组成的铝-OSB板T形截面带肋组合梁(简称为铝-OSB板组合梁)。以组合梁的腹板高度和铝板厚度为参数,设计了4根铝-OSB板T形截面带肋组合梁试件,对各个试件进行抗弯性能的试验,观察在各级荷载作用下试件的破坏过程和破坏形态、OSB板和铝板的应变变化以及组合梁跨中挠度的变化规律。建立ABAQUS有限元模型,对比有限元模拟与试验的结果,并且分析不同螺钉间距对组合梁受弯性能的影响。试验结果表明:在达到极限承载力时,各组合梁的铝板均达到屈服应变;组合梁中OSB板和铝板能够同时参与工作,整体工作性能好,组合效应显著;提高组合梁的腹板高度和铝板厚度可以不同程度地提高组合梁的受弯承载力,且腹板高度对组合梁的受弯性能影响远大于铝板厚度对其的影响;有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合良好;基于有限元模拟的分析表明,随着螺钉间距的减小,组合梁的承载力会有所提高。     

新型轻钢铆接桁架组合楼板试验研究

由于铆接在薄壁型钢连接中兼具施工和受力的优势,本文提出一种新型轻钢铆接桁架组合楼板并探讨其受弯性能。以配钢率和铆钉间距为参数,对3块组合板进行了静力加载试验。试验结果表明: 组合楼板有较高的刚度、抗弯承载力和延性;楼板截面在弹性阶段符合平截面假定;配钢率和铆钉间距对组合楼板的受弯性能均有较大影响,配钢率对刚度和抗弯承载力的影响最显著;通过合理地设置配钢率和铆钉间距,可以保证底部钢板与型钢、混凝土相互协调,共同受力,实现组合作用。     

轻钢组合楼盖面内刚度和承载力计算方法研究

为研究冷弯薄壁型钢组合楼盖的面内刚度和承载能力,采用ABAQUS软件建立楼盖有限元模型,通过轻钢楼盖面内滞回试验结果进行验证.研究不同参数对楼盖模型面内刚度和承载力的影响规律,结果表明:改变楼盖梁尺寸、楼盖梁腹板开孔面积和间距以及扁钢带和刚性支撑件的布置方式对楼盖面内刚度和承载力影响较小,减小自攻螺钉连接间距和组合楼盖的长宽比能提高组合楼盖的面内刚度和承载力,在20～40 mm范围内改变楼板厚度对组合楼盖面内刚度和承载力存在一定影响.基于组合楼盖的破坏模式和受力机理,楼盖的面内极限承载力可通过单颗自攻螺钉连接的承载力和楼盖两侧自攻螺钉连接的数量进行估算.基于退化四折线模型,建立组合楼盖面内刚度的计算方法,为轻钢楼盖的工程设计与应用提供理论依据.     

木质组合梁抗弯性能试验研究

通过12根矩形截面梁、24根T型组合梁和6根工字型组合梁,共计42根木质梁试件的2点加载受弯试验,研究了木基结构板—矩形截面木搁栅组合梁的抗弯性能.结果表明,木质梁试件破坏前能产生较大的变形,最终破坏主要有4种模式:纯弯段腹板弯曲破坏、沿腹板顺纹方向劈裂破坏、弯剪区沿腹板截面高度剪切破坏和梁端部局部扭转.木质组合梁中连接翼缘与腹板的钉连接节点在梁受弯时滑移变形较小,因此其能有效地传递翼缘与腹板之间的组合作用.T型组合梁与矩形截面梁相比,刚度和承载力有明显增加,工字型组合梁与T型组合梁相比,受弯性能进一步提高.因此可按组合梁理论进行更加合理的木楼盖相关设计.     

冷弯薄壁型钢-细石混凝土组合梁抗弯性能研究

为研究冷弯薄壁型钢-细石混凝土组合梁的抗弯性能,对3个不同抗剪构造的组合梁进行了单调静载试验,考察了组合梁的破坏形式、承载能力等.组合梁的破坏特征为托梁腹板剪切破坏并出现扭转,托梁上翼缘屈服、部分抗剪螺钉拔起、混凝土出现贯通裂缝继而组合梁发生整体破坏.试验结果表明：设置抗剪件对组合梁极限承载力无显著影响但可提高组合梁抗弯刚度.建立ANSYS有限元模型进行数值模拟,并对验证后的有限元模型进行变参数分析,研究结果表明：减小螺钉间距、提高钢材强度、增加托梁腹板高度、增加混凝土厚度均会提高组合梁承载力.最后,基于考虑托梁腹板高度、螺钉间距等影响因素修正系数η,提出了组合梁抗弯极限承载力公式,并与试验结果、有限元结果对比,验证了公式的正确性.     

冷弯薄壁型钢加劲腹板错列开孔柱轴压承载力研究

通过ABAQUS有限元软件对冷弯薄壁型钢加劲腹板错列开孔柱的轴压性能进行了研究. 通过比较试验和有限元分析获得的破坏模式、荷载-位移曲线以及极限承载力,发现二者具有良好的一致性,从而验证了有限元模型的准确性. 基于验证的有限元模型,分析了开孔间距、孔型、长细比、腹板加劲肋板件高度以及翼缘宽厚比等对冷弯薄壁型钢加劲腹板错列开孔柱的受力性能的影响. 结果表明：所有构件的破坏模式均以畸变屈曲失效破坏为主. 增加错列开孔之间的间距可提升构件的极限承载力,且错列开孔构件的承载力相较并排开孔的构件可提升10%以上. 孔型对构件的极限承载力影响较小. 随着腹板加劲肋板件高度的增加,构件的极限承载力总体呈上升趋势. 相较V形加劲截面构件,Σ形加劲截面构件的极限承载力提升约6.5%. 随着构件长细比的增大和翼缘宽厚比的增加,构件的极限承载力均会有所下降.     

钢-竹组合箱形梁抗弯性能试验

采用2根冷弯薄壁U型钢作为箱形骨架,型钢外表面用结构胶黏剂黏结4块竹胶板,形成钢-竹组合箱形梁。以竹胶板厚度、薄壁型钢厚度及U型钢截面尺寸为控制参数,对6根组合箱形梁试件进行抗弯性能试验,测量各级荷载作用下型钢、竹胶板应变与挠度发展,分析破坏过程与破坏机制,探讨组合梁的抗弯刚度、正常使用极限荷载、承载能力极限荷载等抗弯性能。试验结果表明,组合梁整体工作性能优良,型钢与竹胶板黏结可靠,竹胶板厚度与U型钢截面尺寸的增大有利于提高组合梁的抗弯刚度与极限荷载,型钢厚度的增大有利于增强延性性能与极限荷载。研究表明,钢-竹组合箱形梁的破坏具有明显的延性特征,具有良好的安全储备,能够作为受力构件用于建筑工程。     

冷弯薄壁型钢螺钉连接抗剪性能试验研究

进行了149个冷弯薄壁型钢螺钉连接试件的抗剪性能试验,主要考察螺钉端距、间距、排列方式以及螺钉数目、连接板件材料等因素对抗剪承载力的影响.分析了现行国家标准《冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范》(GB 50018-2002)对壁厚1.5mm以下薄钢板螺钉连接抗剪承载力设计计算方法的适用性.针对规范GB 50018-2002对螺钉连接斜拔承压破坏抗剪承载力计算的规定,提出了考虑群效应的螺钉连接抗剪承载力设计计算方法.基于对钢板净截面拉断破坏时净截面的平均应力水平分析,给出了相应的验算公式.最后,参考澳洲规范AS/NZS 4600∶2005,提出了避免发生螺钉剪断破坏的方法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.