不同埋深下盾构隧道开挖及补偿注浆对地表隆沉变化影响的室内试验

采用二维隧道模型试验,探究砂土中不同埋深下盾构隧道开挖及补偿注浆对地表沉降变化的影响规律.试验表明,对于不同埋深的工况,盾构隧道开挖引起的地表沉降均可以用Peck公式有效预测,埋深C/D对地表沉降槽形状具有显著影响,且沉降最大值与土体损失率基本呈线性关系.正常体积范围补偿注浆时,随着埋深增加,地表最大抬升值不断减小,地表抬升范围逐渐增加.当补偿注浆体积达到某一值后,不同埋深工况地表最大抬升值与土体补偿率基本均呈线性关系.超体积补偿注浆时,超体积补偿注浆引起的地表最大抬升值与土体补偿率继续保持线性关系.随着土体补偿率的提升,不同埋深导致的地表抬升范围差异逐渐减小.     

小净距2扩4隧道变形规律的BP小波神经预测

以泉厦高速扩建工程大帽山隧道为例,通过周边位移和拱顶沉降的监测数据对小净距扩挖隧道的围岩变形规律进行分析.研究表明:小净距2扩4隧道具有和其他隧道不同的变形规律.在此基础上将小波函数引入BP神经网络建立BP小波神经网络模型,对特大断面超小净距隧道2扩4时围岩变形进行预测,并将预测结果与BP神经网络的预测结果进行对比.结果表明:BP小波神经网络模型收敛快、精度高,优于BP神经网络模型,预测的精度达10%以内,满足工程精度要求.     

浅埋偏压小净距隧道围岩变形影响因素数值模拟研究

通过有限元数值模拟软件模拟了浅埋偏压小净距隧道在不同间距和不同埋深条件下的开挖,研究了隧道间距和埋深对隧道围岩变形的影响。结果表明:隧道的最大变形出现在拱顶,但并不在拱顶的正中间,而是中间偏右侧;右侧隧道的拱顶、拱底和侧墙等部位的位移均比左侧隧道的大;随着隧道间距的增大,地表沉降值不断减小,而拱顶下沉累计沉降量先减小后增大;随着隧道埋深的增大,拱顶沉降量增大,地表沉降累计值减小。     

超大埋深软岩隧道超前中导洞合理断面尺寸及应力峰值转移机制

在超大埋深软岩隧道中,通常地应力较高,且围岩软弱破碎,在施工过程中不可避免的会出现大变形现象,造成支护结构失效破坏。采用超前中导洞应力释放技术提前释放地应力,可以改善支护结构的受力状态,减小隧道变形量,保证支护结构的安全。本文依托丽香线哈巴雪山大变形隧道,采用文献调研、数值模拟及现场监测等手段对超大埋深软岩隧道超前中导洞合理断面大小进行研究,分析了中导洞不同断面大小工况下应力释放效果,最终确定中导洞合理断面大小。研究结果表明,超前中导洞断面为正洞断面面积的0.6倍时,应力释放效果较为理想,相比直接开挖正洞,采用合理超前中导洞断面时,正洞拱顶沉降及上、下台阶水平收敛值分别减小28.2%、27.64%和26.71%,且围岩中切向应力峰值向围岩深部转移了约4 m,同时,应力峰值数值有所减小,减小约5.04%。研究成果可为类似大变形隧道工程提供参考与借鉴。     

浅埋盾构掘进诱发土体剪胀对地表变形的影响分析

目的 研究浅地层盾构掘进过程中隧道周围土体发生剪胀对地表变形的影响。方法 首先通过建立有限差分模型,结合非关联流动准则,得到了隧道周围土体发生剪胀时地表变形的主要区域;进而采用无量纲参数β对传统沉降经验公式进行修正。结果 最大地表沉降随着剪胀系数的增加而减小;采用相关联流动准则和非关联流动准则所得到的最大地表沉降的差值随着支护力的增大而增大;随着隧道埋深比的增加,土体剪胀作用对地表沉降的影响逐渐减小;修正系数β与剪胀系数η二者在预测地表变形规律方面表现出良好的一致性。结论 砂土剪胀对浅埋盾构掘进影响较大,分析地表变形时应合理考虑土体剪胀角。     

BP小波神经网络在大断面隧道变形预测中的应用

将BP算法引入小波神经网络,自适应地调整小波系数和网络权重,同时利用自适应算法调节BP算法的学习率,提高收敛效率.以4车道隧道——前欧隧道的监测数据为基础,建立BP小波神经网络变形预测模型.预测结果表明:BP小波神经网络对地质条件相似,施工及初期支护方法相同的隧道断面变形进行预测,其预测结果满足工程精度要求,能较准确地...     

不同埋深下暗挖隧道施工的地层响应

采用实测统计和数值模拟方法,对北京地铁区间暗挖隧道开挖后不同埋深下的地层应力、塑性区分布及地层变形3个方面进行分析研究.结果表明:1)隧道开挖后洞周切向应力升高区随埋深增大而向围岩深部转移,埋深达到20 m后,应力升高区的转移减缓;2)随埋深的增大,洞周塑性区与地表塑性区由完全贯通变为逐渐分离,地表塑性区的范围逐渐减小,但洞周塑性区的范围变化不大,而塑性区以外的弹性区范围增大;3)埋深达到12 m时,地中沉降曲线出现拐点,拐点与洞顶的距离随埋深的增大而增大,埋深达到20 m后,曲线拐点基本稳定在洞顶上方10 m处;4)计算结果与实测统计规律基本一致,最大地表沉降值随着埋深的增大而减小,但减小的幅度随着埋深的增大而逐渐减小.     

改进GAP法盾构隧道开挖地表沉降预测

针对盾构隧道开挖引起的地表沉降问题,基于GAP法模型的基本原理,通过对该模型的改进,借助FLAC2D进行数值分析,对盾构隧道的地表沉降规律进行了研究.得出了同一盾构直径随着隧道埋深增加的情况下,地表最大沉降值逐渐减小、地表沉降槽逐渐变宽的规律,且隧道埋深和地表最大沉降值存在某种线性关系.该成果对盾构隧道开挖引起的地表沉降分析具有一定的参考价值和指导意义.     

浅埋黄土隧道不同施工与加固方法的颗粒流数值模拟

针对浅埋黄土隧道在开挖过程中发生的拱顶过量沉降问题,采用颗粒离散单元法模拟了不同开挖方法和加固措施对围岩稳定和变形的影响,分析了6种工况的围岩压力分布和位移发展情况,讨论了开挖方法和加固措施对隧道围岩稳定的影响.模拟结果显示,隧道拱肩和拱脚应力集中处水平位移较大,拱部和边墙开挖为黄土隧道留核心开挖施工中的关键工序,施工中宜及早支护避免隧道发生过大变形.浅埋黄土隧道拱顶下沉量远大于周边收敛;对于相同的支护形式,留核心土下部全断面开挖法产生的位移总量约为留核心土下半断面分部开挖法的1.2倍;对于相同的开挖方法,无超前注浆支护产生的位移总量约为有超前支护的1.5倍;而有无系统锚杆的隧道围岩变形量基本相同.研究表明,浅埋黄土隧道可采取超前导管注浆减小隧道开挖变形,而系统锚杆由于支护效果不明显可考虑取消.     

变截面隧道开挖地表土体移动与沉降预测

基于随机介质理论,结合直墙圆拱收敛模式,提出考虑隧道变截面情况下地表移动与沉降的预测方法。该方法将截面连接处的土体损失看作是线性渐变的,引入变截面线性过渡段,推导出隧道变截面处的地表沉降和横向水平位移方程;结合北京地铁廖公庄站现场监测数据,验证该方法的适用性。研究结果表明:本文方法能较好地预测城市地下工程变截面处地层移动与沉降变化规律;变截面处地表沉降曲线斜率随着围岩主要影响角正切与埋深的比值(tanβ/H)增大而增大,但其影响范围减小;变截面处地表沉降曲线的沉降量随着跨度R增大而增大,但其影响范围和曲线斜率不发生改变;隧道变截面处的土体纵向地表变形在一定范围内呈线性变化。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~