直流电阻率法与音频大地电磁法二维联合反演

为提升电法勘探浅中部的分辨能力,降低单一地球物理数据反演的不确定性,将直流电阻率(DCR)数据和音频大地电磁(AMT)数据进行融合,基于正则化思想实现了DCR和AMT的OCCAM二维联合反演。在此基础之上,通过构建从简单到复杂的地电模型模拟野外实际地质情况,采用本文提出的联合反演技术对DCR和AMT理论数据进行联合反演,并与2种数据的独立反演结果进行对比分析。结果表明,研发的二维联合反演技术能够兼顾浅部和深部的地电信息,反演结果对整个勘探深度内电性变化的分辨能力更为显著。该技术的实现也在一定程度上提升了综合电法勘探地区有效数据的利用率,为直流电阻率法和音频大地电磁法的综合解释提供了一种新的手段。     

基于聚类中心分离的模糊聚类模型

在模糊C-均值聚类（FCM）目标函数的基础上按聚类中心分离原则增加一个聚类中心分离项来扩展FCM算法,提出基于聚类中心分离的模糊聚类模型(FCM_CCS)。该模型可使聚类过程中的聚类中心之间距离扩大,从而得到更好的聚类效果。由于该模型和FCM一样对噪声敏感我们提出它的可能性聚类模型(PCM_CCS),最后进一步扩展成它的可能性模糊聚类模型(PFCM_CCS)。基于聚类中心分离的可能性模糊聚类模型在处理噪声数据和克服一致性聚类问题方面表现出良好的性能。对数据集的测试实验结果表明了提出的PFCM_CCS能同时产生模糊隶属度和典型值,使聚类中心间距扩大,同时具有更好的聚类准确率。     

基于模糊C-均值聚类的缺失数据填充方法

针对缺失数据的有效填充问题,提出利用模糊C-均值聚类（FCM）算法的隶属度矩阵作为待填数据的加权权重.首先使用同一属性均值对缺失数据作预填充,再进行FCM以得到每个类别的隶属度矩阵,最后用该矩阵作为权重去乘以每个类别的属性均值,得到最终的填充数据.在UCI数据实验中,将FCM填充算法与k近邻（KNN）填充算法作对比分析,结果表明,FCM填充得到的均方根误差总体小于KNN填充.     

基于模糊C-均值聚类的缺失数据填充方法

针对缺失数据的有效填充问题，提出利用模糊C-均值聚类（FCM）算法的隶属度矩阵作为待填数据的加权权重.首先使用同一属性均值对缺失数据作预填充，再进行FCM以得到每个类别的隶属度矩阵，最后用该矩阵作为权重去乘以每个类别的属性均值，得到最终的填充数据.在UCI数据实验中，将FCM填充算法与k近邻（KNN）填充算法作对比分析，结果表明，FCM填充得到的均方根误差总体小于KNN填充.     

FPCM算法在彩色图像分割中的方法研究

在改进模糊c均值聚类（MFCM）算法基础上提出模糊可能性c均值聚类（FPCM）算法的图像分割方法,并将FPCM算法应用在彩色图像分割过程中．FPCM算法是FCM聚类算法和MFCM算法的扩羼衍生．MFCM算法是通过调整FCM算法的测量距离来减少标签像素受到其他图像像素的影响和在切分中抑制噪声效果来进行约束,从而使得成员变量没有最大约束值．FPCM算法是在MFCM算法基础上进行模糊化,加入了可能性和隶属度两个度量标准．通过彩色图像实验充分表明了FPCM算法在图像分割中的实际效果．     

一种基于量子粒子群算法的模糊c-均值聚类

把QPSO算法与模糊c-均值（FCM）算法相结合提出一种混合模糊聚类算法（QPSO—FCM）,将FCM算法中基于梯度下降的迭代过程用新算法进行替代,能够在一定程度上克服FCM算法易陷入局部极小的缺陷,降低FCM算法的初值敏感度．通过典型的Wine的数据实验结果证明,改进后的新算法具有良好的收敛性,聚类效果也有一定的改善．     

基于对应分析的冗余模糊C均值聚类算法研究

针对模糊C均值聚类（FCM）算法聚类原型最适合于球状类型簇的特点,提出了基于类间分离度和类内紧缩度加权的冗余聚类中心的FCM算法,即先将大簇或者延伸形状的簇（非凸）采用加权FCM算法分割成多个小类（冗余类）,从而规避FCM算法对初始聚类中心敏感的弱点．由于隶属度划分矩阵的元素是每个样本隶属于各冗余类的隶属度值,因此将其作为各冗余类的类特征,通过对应分析得到冗余类的新特征,再次采用加权FCM算法进行冗余类合并,最后达到分类效果．以代表曲线分割和曲面分割分类问题的3个典型数据集为算例,结果表明该方法能够识别不规则的簇,解决了FCM算法对初始聚类中心敏感的缺陷．     

基于PSO的WFCM算法研究及其在医保欺诈行为发现中的应用

【目的】在没有先验知识的前提下,采用基于粒子群优化算法(PSO)的加权模糊C-均值(WFCM)聚类算法,从30多万条记录的医疗保险数据中挖掘出疑似医疗保险欺诈的记录。【方法】首先,引用改进的欧式距离、相似性函数以及交叉熵函数并通过PSO算法极小化交叉熵函数,对属性权重进行分析;其次,选取Calinski-Harabasz(CH)有效性指标,展开聚类有效性的研究;然后,基于数据预处理的结果将数据运用于PSO算法,不断更新得到各属性的权重,并运用聚类有效性评价中的CH有效性指标来动态估计最佳聚类个数,提高FCM聚类的速度;最后,将属性权重和最佳聚类数应用于FCM聚类算法,根据隶属度矩阵聚类得到疑似医疗保险欺诈结果。【结果】基于上述研究方法,本研究根据最后的隶属度矩阵来进行聚类分析。【结论】将优化的权重应用于加权FCM聚类算法与聚类有效性评价,既提高了聚类算法的高效性,又避免了主观评价对分类的影响。     

基于遗传模糊聚类算法的入侵检测研究

针对常用聚娄算法在网络入侵检测中结果不理想的问题,在研究典型模糊C均值聚类算法（FCM）的基础上,提出了一种结合CA与FCM的网络入侵检测算法GFCM,以克服FCM聚类时对初始值敏感、受噪声影响大、容易陷入局部最优等问题,通过在KDD CUP99数据集上对比实验,证明该算法的检测度高,对网络异常攻击行为检测效果较好。     

半监督平衡化模糊C-means聚类

传统模糊C-means聚类(FCM,fuzzy C-means)在处理非平衡数据集时,由于相异类中所含样本数量差异较大,导致类间权值不平衡和"均匀效应",从而易产生聚类错误.另外,FCM属于无监督方法,无法更好地利用已知的部分类标记信息引导聚类.为解决这两方面问题,提出一种半监督的平衡化模糊C-means聚类(SBFCM,semi-supervised balanced fuzzy C-means)方法.SBFCM在FCM目标函数的基础上加入了对聚类模糊隶属度矩阵的近似正交约束和半监督约束,从而得到了新的聚类目标函数.实验结果表明,相比于FCM,SBFCM能有效缓解由"均匀效应"导致的聚类错误现象,并能有效地利用部分先验类标记信息,从而可获得更好的聚类效果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.