四个水稻品种幼苗耐冷力比较

4个水稻品种的7d龄幼苗经过室内低温培养箱(温度0℃，光照)处理2d后，结果表明：琼农占4号、奇源占对冷胁迫反应敏感，表现在根系电解质泄漏显著增加、叶绿素含量和幼苗存活率下降。Ⅱ优128、广优4号的根系电解质泄漏和叶绿素含量变化少，幼苗成活率高，结果说明Ⅱ优128、广优4号的耐冷性较前两者强。此鉴定方法可靠可行、方便、快捷，可用于水稻品种抗冷性的鉴定。     

苗期低温锻炼对水稻叶片生理性状的影响

通过苗期亚低温的锻炼,研究水稻品种的诱导抗性.实验结果表明,与抗冷性弱的二九丰相比,抗冷性强的中冷8号通过亚低温锻炼,在叶绿素含量、叶片质膜透性、可溶性糖含量三个指标上表现出更强的抗低温能力.说明不同抗冷性的水稻品种具有不同的诱导抗性.     

不同品种辣椒种子发芽和苗期耐冷性差异的研究

采用低温下发芽鉴定和苗期低温处理后生理生化指标的测定等方法，研究了8个辣椒品种种子萌发期和幼苗期的耐冷性反应，结果表明供试材料对低温反应存在的差异。低温下室内耐冷性鉴定指标为15℃和20℃。低温引起细胞膜透性改变，导致电解质外渗，细胞内可溶性糖含量上升，同时出现萎蔫、倒伏等冷害症状。根据种子发芽率、膜透性变化等生理指标的综合评定，可将8个品种的辣椒分为：耐冷力强（麻辣三道筋、北京茄门、四平头）、耐冷力中等（西夏牛角王、保加利亚尖椒、伊犁牛角椒）、耐冷力弱（洛椒4号、洛椒6号）3类。     

不同早籼稻品种幼苗期的耐冷生理鉴定

为了解4个早籼稻品种幼苗期耐冷性的生理特点,在人工气候箱内经26℃(对照)、12℃、10℃和6℃处理4 d后,测定分析水稻幼苗过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、抗坏血酸(AsA)含量、可溶性蛋白质含量及电解质渗漏率6个生理指标的变化及其与抗冷性的关系.结果表明,在相同低温胁迫条件下,株两优120和金优L2两个早籼稻品种幼苗期POD活性、CAT活性、AsA含量及可溶性蛋白质含量均高于准两优143和湘早籼45号,而MDA含量及电解质渗漏率均低于准两优143和湘早籼45号.上述结果说明两系法杂交稻株两优120的耐冷性最强,三系杂交水稻金优L2次之,两系法杂交稻准两优143和常规水稻湘早籼45号耐冷性稍差.     

芸苔素内酯对水稻孕穗期冷害的防治初报

用植物生长调节剂芸苔素内酯（ｂｒａｓｉｎｏｌｉｅｌｅｓ;简称云大１２０或ＢＲ１２０）对５个具有不同耐冷性的水稻品种进行孕穗期低温冷害的防治研究,结果为：（１）喷施云大１２０可以使水稻品种的低温结实率提高４０１％;（２）云大１２０的不同施用浓度对冷害的防治因品种的来源而异,日本品种在２０００倍液的防治效果较好,云南品种则是１０００倍液效果更佳;（３）不同幼穗发育阶段喷施云大１２０,对防治水稻低温冷害的效果不同,当叶枕距为－２ｃｍ至－３ｃｍ时,喷施效果最佳．     

水稻生育前期游离脯氨酸的低温效应

本文研究了水稻生育前期,不同品种、不同器官在低温处理下游离脯氨酸的含量变化。所得结果表明:在芽期和一叶期,不同品种、不同器官低温处理后的游离脯氨酸含量趋于增加,且增加的幅度在抗冷性不同的品种间有所不同,抗冷性强的品种其增加幅度大于抗冷性弱的品种,地上部分脯氨酸积累效应大于地下部分、即地上部分的脯氨酸代谢对低温更为敏感,在三叶期和分蘖期,低温处理后的游离脯氨酸含量趋于减少,减少的幅度同样具有品种间差异,即抗冷性强的品种减少的幅度大于抗冷性弱的品种,根与叶同时存在减少的趋势.因而可以认为水稻生育前期的不同阶段是以不同的代谢机制适应和抵抗低温胁迫的。其转折点在一叶期到二叶期的过渡时候。     

设施栽培番茄品种选育进展

通过对21份不同番茄品种和材料在低温弱光条件下形态和生理指标的测定,结果表明,番茄苗期受低温伤害程度(冷害),结合低温处理后叶片电导值增加量、细胞膜伤害率测定和弱光下的相对坐果率、相对产量,可作为番茄耐低温、耐弱光性能的鉴定指标.叶片中叶绿素含量在低温弱光下的变化趋势作为设施专用番茄品种选育的筛选指标之一,耐低温弱光的品种在低温弱光下叶片中叶绿素的含量呈上升趋势;净光合作用曲线可以作为选育设施番茄品种的一个比较理想的群体指标;叶绿素荧光指数不宜作为品种选育的耐低温弱光指标.从品种选育的角度应该加强单性结实材料的利用,并提高耐弱光的能力.     

植物寒冻抗性分子机理研究进展

耐冷植物的耐冷性是由未驯化时即拥有的"固有耐冷性"和"冷驯化后增加的抗冻性"两部分组成.固有耐冷性的形成主要是由于其细胞膜中含有较多的不饱和脂肪酸、细胞的抗氧化系统可满足其冷保护需求、细胞的骨架体系在低温胁迫时可进行适当的调整.而冷驯化后增加的抗冻性主要是由于启动了大量冷诱导基因的表达,合成了多种冷诱导蛋白,它们通过改善细胞的各种结构、调节细胞物质和能量代谢的平衡等过程使植物体的抗冻性得以大大提升.用50篇文献综述了植物抗冻性方面的研究成果,旨在为植物的防冻减灾以及抗冻育种提供理论指导.     

低温胁迫下嫁接对西瓜光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数影响的研究

研究了低温胁迫下自根及二种嫁接幼苗叶片光合作用及叶绿素荧光参数的变化。结果表明,耐冷性强的黑籽南瓜/小兰嫁接植株叶片净光合速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度降幅最小,耐冷性弱的自根苗降幅最高,耐冷性较强的超丰F1/小兰表现中等;自根及二种嫁接苗叶片Fv/Fm、ФPSⅡ值均降低,说明PSII原初光能转换效率受到抑制及光合机构遭到破坏;耐冷性弱的自根西瓜幼苗受抑制和破坏程度显著高于耐冷性强的嫁接苗黑籽南瓜/小兰和超丰F1/小兰;自根苗光化学猝灭系数和非光化学猝灭系数降幅高于二种嫁接苗。以上说明低温下耐冷性强的嫁接苗抵御低温对光合机构伤害的能力及碳同化能力高于自根苗。     

水稻耐低温研究进展

水稻是世界上的主要粮食作物之一,低温将导致水稻发育延缓,长期遭受低温胁迫易导致水稻枯萎死亡。全球每年约有1 500万hm²的水稻面临低温胁迫危害,低温冷害已成为水稻减产的主要原因之一。为系统了解水稻耐低温机理研究进展,总结了水稻在面临低温胁迫时的细胞结构特征、生理生化变化、耐低温优良品种选育等研究现状。对水稻的耐低温分子机理、耐低温基因定位进行了总结,并展望了水稻耐低温品种的未来选育方向。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~     

Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has