兰香草精油化学成分的研究

采用常压水蒸气蒸馏法提取了兰香草挥发油，得油率为0．35％～0．52％．其相对密度为(20℃)0．9980～0．9900，折射率为(20℃)1．4608，比旋光度为 0．51^*，酸值为1．5，并用毛细管气相色谱、红外光谱、核磁共振谱和色-质联机等对该挥发油进行了系统的成分分析．在分出的112个色谱峰中，共鉴定出71个化合物，占挥发油总量的94．6％．其主要成分为芳樟醇、紫苏醇、香芹酮、荠芋烯、4-甲基-6-庚烯-3-酮、菉草烯、马鞭草烯酮、左旋松香芹酮、2-壬烯-4-炔等。     

兰香草挥发油化学成分的研究

采用常压水蒸气蒸馏法提取了兰香草挥发油,得油率为0.39%～0.52%.其相对密度(20℃)0.988 0～0.9900,折射率(20℃)1.460 8,比旋光度+0.51°,酸值1.5.并用毛细管气相色谱、红外光谱、核磁共振谱和色-质联机等对该挥发油进行了系统的成分分析.在分出的112个色谱峰中,共鉴定出71个化合物,占挥发油总量的94.6%.其主要成分为芳樟醇、紫苏醇、香芹酮、荠宁烯、4-甲基-6-庚烯-3-酮、葎草烯、马鞭草烯酮、左旋松香芹酮、2-壬烯-4-炔等.     

深山含笑叶挥发油的化学成分研究

深山含笑为我国的珍贵稀有树种.深山含笑鲜叶经过用水蒸汽蒸馏得到一种淡黄色精油,得率为1.00％～1.13％.本文用经典方法测定了该挥发油的理化性质,并用毛细管气相色谱、红外光谱、核磁共振波谱和色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术等对该挥发油进行了系统的成分分析.在分出的62个色谱峰中,共鉴定出49个化合物,占精油总量的99.31％.其主要化学成分是α-(艹守)烯(17.03％),3,6.6-三甲基-2-降蒎烯(43.80％),6,6-二甲基-3-亚甲基降蒎烷(17.18％),α-龙脑烯(9.35％),芳樟醇(1.30％),β-石竹烯(2.87％)等.本研究为合理开发这一资源提供了科学评价和依据.     

留兰香挥发油化学成分的研究

利用气相色谱 质谱对留兰香的挥发油成分进行了研究 ,共鉴定出了 6 6种组分 .其中主要组分为 :香芹酮、柠檬烯、二氢香芹酮、桉油素、β -蒎烯、香芹乙酸酯、α -蒎烯、反 -石竹烯、顺式香芹酮、β -水芹烯、香芹醇、β -波旁烯、α -萜品醇等。其中香芹酮的含量最高 ,占挥发油总量的 5 9.5 8% ,柠檬烯含量为 13.31% ,二氢香芹酮含量为 8.85 %。三种成分占总挥发成分的 81.74 %。检出成分占挥发油总量的 95 .4 8%。     

艾叶挥发油与燃烧烟雾的化学成分比较

艾叶燃烧产生的烟雾有艾灸、消毒驱虫等效果,为探究其活性物质,选用甲醇吸收其烟雾,通过气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析其化学成分,并与艾叶活性成分——挥发油的GC-MS结果进行比较.研究表明:艾叶燃烧烟雾中含有与其挥发油相同的成分,包括4-羟基-4-甲基-2-戊酮、1,8-桉油精、龙脑、侧柏酮、β-石竹烯、2,2’-二噻吩、3,3,6,8-四甲基-1-四氢萘酮和6-芹子烯-4-醇;1,8-桉油精和β-石竹烯是艾叶熏蒸和燃烧消毒驱虫的有效成分,1,8-桉油精、龙脑、侧柏酮、β-石竹烯等可能是艾灸时进入人体内发挥药效作用的活性成分.     

石香薷挥发油化学成分研究

本文用气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用仪、红外光谱、核磁共振谱等方法研究了石香薷挥发油的化学成分,在已分析的36个成分中鉴定了其中的31个化合物,占挥发油总量的95.46％。它们是:α—蒎烯、异戊酸异丁酯,α—菲兰烯,对—伞花烃,γ—萜品烯,萜品—4—醇,百里香酚,香荆芥酚,甲基丁子香酚,甲基黑椒酚,α—反式—香柠檬烯,瑟林烯,橙花叔醇,β—红没药烯等.其中百里香酚含量为24.56％,香荆芥酚的含量达43.22％。     

黔产石南藤挥发油化学成分的研究

用同时蒸馏萃取法提取贵州产石南藤挥发油,利用GC-MS对其化学成分进行了分析鉴定,用气相色谱面积归一法测定了各成分的相对百分含量.共分离出72种成分,鉴定出57个化学成分,所鉴定的组分占挥发油色谱总峰面积的90.71%.其主要成分为萜类化合物,主要有:α-桉叶醇、香桧烯、γ-桉叶醇、δ-荜澄茄烯、β-丁香烯、4-松油醇、二环大根香叶烯、榧烯醇、β-蒎烯、γ-松油烯、α-松油烯、橄榄醇、α-蒎烯、(-)-β-榄香烯等.     

响应面法优化姜黄挥发油提取工艺及其化学成分研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取姜黄挥发油,利用Box-Benhnken中心组合试验和响应面分析法,确定了姜黄挥发油提取的最适工艺条件,即加水9.5倍,浸泡3h,加热回流5h,在此工艺条件下,姜黄挥发油实际得率为3.600 2%,预测值为3.638 8%.利用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)对优化工艺提取的挥发油进行分析.结果表明,共分离鉴定出39个组分,其相对含量占挥发油总量的93.49%,主要化合物为α-姜黄酮(26.43%)、α-姜烯(15.34%)、芳姜黄酮(11.82%)、β-倍半水芹烯(11.52%)、姜黄新酮(9.78%)和α-姜黄烯(3.44%)等.     

四川杜鹃花中挥发性成分的研究

水蒸气蒸馏法从四川杜鹃的花中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其挥发油化学成分进行分离和结构鉴定,从四川杜鹃的花挥发油中总共分离出53个组分,鉴定出51个组分。用气相色谱面积归一化法确定了各个组分的相对百分含量,其挥发油主要组分是石竹烯(12.48%)、愈创醇(8.83%)、α-蒎烯(8.32%)、β-蒎烯(7.78%)、β-紫罗兰酮(6.83%)等。     

3个不同产地白术的挥发性化学成分比较

白术是一种传统药用植物，具有抗肿瘤、抗炎和抗氧化活性.采用水蒸气蒸馏法从3个不同产地采集的白术中分离提取挥发油，并通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS) 联用进行检测.从浙江、安徽和甘肃3个不同产地的白术挥发油中共鉴定出24种化合物，其中21种为共有成分.3个不同样品中含量最高的挥发性成分均为苍术酮，分别占总量的5807% (浙江)、5741% (安徽)和5749% (甘肃).此外，还检出三叶草烯、Berkheyaradulen、6,10,11,11-四甲基-三环［6300(2,3)］-1(7)-十一碳烯、马兜铃酮和异匙叶桉油烯醇等在白术研究中尚未报道的化学成分.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-