矿物质：人体不可缺少的结构组分和功能活性物质

从化学分析的角度看,一切生物包括人体都是由元素构成的。生物进化论认为生命始于海洋。在长期的进化过程中,生物体不断地与环境进行着物质交换,所以生物体内几乎含有海洋里的所有元素,而且各种元素的含量也与环境中的元素组成趋势大体一致。人类在进化过程中来到陆地生活,不断通过空气、水、食物和土壤与环境进行物质交换。     

元素周期表研究进展

文章综述了元素周期表研究进展，讨论了元素周期表的历史发展，元素周期表的结构和政计思路，元素在周期表中的位置和化合物的性质。     

生命元素及其在生物体内的作用

介绍了生命元素的生物功能 ,指出了微量元素过低或过高都会引起疾病 ,讨论了微量元素缺少或过量的原因及采取的相应措施。     

生物元素与人体健康

本文阐述了生物元素的生理功能,生物元素与人体健康的关系以及生物元素平衡的重要性,提倡树立平衡营养观念,改善生存质量。     

生物元素与人体健康

本文阐述了生物元素的生理功能,生物元素与人体健康的关系以及生物元素平衡的重要性,提倡树立平衡营养观念,改善生存质量.     

KF-80快速冷冻技术制备生物样品用于电镜X射线元素分析

新鲜生物样品经快速冷冻固定、冷冻超薄切片后进行电镜下形态观察和在位元素分析，以研究细胞生命活动某个瞬间的形态及元素组成和分布。KF－80快速冷冻仪用液氮使氟时昂－22保持在－160℃，将生物样品快速射入其中以达到快速冷冻固定的目的，在组织样品－大鼠胸主动脉平滑肌细胞和悬滴样品－兔红细胞的观察中证实两者的超微结构保存较好，虽有直径约0．1μm的小冰晶存在，但不影响形态观察和元素分析，平滑肌细胞X射线元素分析结果显示，胞质中钾含量高，钠含量低，核中磷含量高而硫含量低，说明此项技术术能保持胞质与核间元素分布的差异。     

福建柏人工林养分的生物循环

对福建省安溪半林国有林场不同林龄福建柏人工林养分的生物循环特点进行了研究。结果表明 :不同林龄林分的生物循环表现了一定的差异性。 1 0、2 0、30a林分的养分吸收量分别为 69.85、96.65、67.0 2t/(hm2 ·a) ,归还量分别为 2 0 .1 5、35 .0 4、35 .2 0t/(hm2 ·a) ,存留量分别为 49.70、61 .2 5、31 .82t/(hm2 ·a)。养分循环速率随林龄而增大 ,依次为 2 8.85、36.63、5 2 .5 2。 3种林龄林分对各养分元素具有相近的利用效率。据此提出 ,对处于生长旺盛后期的林分 ,采取适量施肥和调整林分密度等经营措施 ,提高养分的利用效率和存留量 ,可使林分继续保持旺盛的生长趋势 ,有利于培养大径材人工林     

浍河祁县段底泥沉积物重金属的生物有效性及风险评价

为深入认识浍河祁县段底泥沉积物中重金属元素的赋存状况及生态风险,采集12个表层沉积物(0~20cm)样品,采用改进的BCR连续提取法进行元素形态和生物有效性分析,进而运用潜在生态风险指数法对其污染进行评价。结果表明,研究区河段底泥沉积物中重金属元素Zn,Pb,Ni,Cr,Cu的平均含量均高于安徽省土壤背景值,存在一定程度的累积现象;各元素含量的空间分布受煤矿开采活动影响显著,在研究区河段内沿程呈现"先升高、后降低"的变化趋势;5种重金属元素的潜在生态风险均为轻微风险等级;底泥沉积物中Zn,Ni,Cr主要以残渣态为赋存形态,Pb以可还原态为主,Cu的可还原态和可氧化态比例大致相当,且占较大比重,各元素的生物有效性从大到小依次为Pb,Cu,Zn,Ni,Cr。     

浅谈元素名称来源及无机物的俗名

对化学元素周期表中大部分元素名称的来源及部分无机物的俗名进行了探讨.     

元素周期表研究进展

综述了元素周期表的研究进展．讨论了元素周期表的历史发展、存在的问题、设计思路和立体元素周期表设计．     

Chemical investigation of hassium (element 108)

The periodic table provides a classification of the chemical properties of the elements. But for the heaviest elements, the transactinides, this role of the periodic table reaches its limits because increasingly strong relativistic effects on the valence electron shells can induce deviations from known trends in chemical properties. In the case of the first two transactinides, elements 104 and 105, relativistic effects do indeed influence their chemical properties, whereas elements 106 and 107 both behave as expected from their position within the periodic table. Here we report the chemical separation and characterization of only seven detected atoms of element 108 (hassium, Hs), which were generated as isotopes (269)Hs (refs 8, 9) and (270)Hs (ref. 10) in the fusion reaction between (26)Mg and (248)Cm. The hassium atoms are immediately oxidized to a highly volatile oxide, presumably HsO(4), for which we determine an enthalpy of adsorption on our detector surface that is comparable to the adsorption enthalpy determined under identical conditions for the osmium oxide OsO(4). These results provide evidence that the chemical properties of hassium and its lighter homologue osmium are similar, thus confirming that hassium exhibits properties as expected from its position in group 8 of the periodic table.     

Chemical characterization of bohrium (element 107)

The arrangement of the chemical elements in the periodic table highlights resemblances in chemical properties, which reflect the elements' electronic structure. For the heaviest elements, however, deviations in the periodicity of chemical properties are expected: electrons in orbitals with a high probability density near the nucleus are accelerated by the large nuclear charges to relativistic velocities, which increase their binding energies and cause orbital contraction. This leads to more efficient screening of the nuclear charge and corresponding destabilization of the outer d and f orbitals: it is these changes that can give rise to unexpected chemical properties. The synthesis of increasingly heavy elements, now including that of elements 114, 116 and 118, allows the investigation of this effect, provided sufficiently long-lived isotopes for chemical characterization are available. In the case of elements 104 and 105, for example, relativistic effects interrupt characteristic trends in the chemical properties of the elements constituting the corresponding columns of the periodic table, whereas element 106 behaves in accordance with the expected periodicity. Here we report the chemical separation and characterization of six atoms of element 107 (bohrium, Bh), in the form of its oxychloride. We find that this compound is less volatile than the oxychlorides of the lighter elements of group VII, thus confirming relativistic calculations that predict the behaviour of bohrium, like that of element 106, to coincide with that expected on the basis of its position in the periodic table.     

Chemical characterization of element 112

The heaviest elements to have been chemically characterized are seaborgium (element 106), bohrium (element 107) and hassium (element 108). All three behave according to their respective positions in groups 6, 7 and 8 of the periodic table, which arranges elements according to their outermost electrons and hence their chemical properties. However, the chemical characterization results are not trivial: relativistic effects on the electronic structure of the heaviest elements can strongly influence chemical properties. The next heavy element targeted for chemical characterization is element 112; its closed-shell electronic structure with a filled outer s orbital suggests that it may be particularly susceptible to strong deviations from the chemical property trends expected within group 12. Indeed, first experiments concluded that element 112 does not behave like its lighter homologue mercury. However, the production and identification methods used cast doubt on the validity of this result. Here we report a more reliable chemical characterization of element 112, involving the production of two atoms of (283)112 through the alpha decay of the short-lived (287)114 (which itself forms in the nuclear fusion reaction of 48Ca with 242Pu) and the adsorption of the two atoms on a gold surface. By directly comparing the adsorption characteristics of (283)112 to that of mercury and the noble gas radon, we find that element 112 is very volatile and, unlike radon, reveals a metallic interaction with the gold surface. These adsorption characteristics establish element 112 as a typical element of group 12, and its successful production unambiguously establishes the approach to the island of stability of superheavy elements through 48Ca-induced nuclear fusion reactions with actinides.     

同系因子1／N在元素周期表中的应用

将同系因子１／Ｎ用于元素周期表,以Ｎ为周期序数,Ｐ作为各元素或其化合物的性能,利用公式Ｐ＝ａ＋ｂ／Ｎ对周期表中各元素及化合物３０多种性能进行拟合,得到了良好的结果．     

微观缩松对蠕铁微观组织和力学性能的影响

微观缩松缺陷的位置分布、体积大小表现出随机性特点,会对材料微观组织和宏观力学性能产生影响. 通过微观组织观测,研究了微观缩松对蠕墨铸铁材料微观组织的影响. 同时,建立了含微观缩松缺陷的三维代表性体积元模型,通过施加周期性边界条件和拉伸位移载荷,研究了微观缩松对蠕墨铸铁材料宏观力学性能的影响. 结果表明,蠕铁材料微观缩松缺陷周围组织中含有Ce,Mg元素,表明稀土蠕化剂与所研究的蠕墨铸铁的微观缩松的形成有密切联系,增加了材料内部形成微观缩松的倾向. 随着材料内部微观缩松体积分数的增加,材料的宏观等效弹性模量呈线性降低;微观缩松还会造成材料内局部区域的应力集中,易于微小裂纹的萌生及扩展.      

柴油机机体有限元建模及模态分析

建立了YC6108柴油机机体的实体模型,研究了其有限元模型的建立,并进行了有限元模态分析.研究了模态分析方法、单元的阶数、有限元网格的密度和均匀度等因素对模态分析结果的影响.通过研究,得出了建立内燃机机体的有限元模型的一些原则.     

基于映射的高精度混合平面曲梁单元

通过映射分别实现初始几何和位移场的描述,建立考虑初始曲率和厚度影响的任意平面曲梁的几何关系。采用满足平衡的内力场,提出基于Hellinger-Reissner变分原理的高精度曲梁单元。这种无闭锁新单元可用于具有任意曲率的平面结构,与常规曲梁单元相比,具有更高的精度和效率。算例表明,在模型中准确定义初始几何后,所建立单元可给出极准确的结果。     

应用有限元模型预测刚性界面房间声场

给出了应用有限元法（FEM）预测刚性房间声传输函数和声脉冲响应涵数的计算模型,并以矩形房间为例详细讨论了有关细节,本文所讨论的计算模型可以真实地反映房间内不同的声源点,接收点位置上的声压频谱特性和脉冲响应时间结构。     

激光拉曼光谱技术在生物活体研究中的应用进展

激光拉曼光谱技术能够实现物质的分子级探测并给出具有高度特异性的"指纹图谱",具有快速、无创、灵敏度高等优势,在生物医学研究尤其是生物活体研究领域展现出良好的应用潜力,是当前的研究热点之一.生物活体研究能够在不影响生物机体正常生理环境的情况下获取最真实的反馈信息,具有无创性,是生物医学研究最理想的手段.本文从生物组织、血...